强制 HttpWebRequest 发送客户端证书

Question

我有一个 p12 证书，我以这种方式加载它：

X509Certificate2 certificate = new X509Certificate2(certName, password,
        X509KeyStorageFlags.MachineKeySet | X509KeyStorageFlags.PersistKeySet |
        X509KeyStorageFlags.Exportable);

加载正确，事实上如果我certificate.PrivateKey.ToXmlString(true);它returns一个完整的xml没有错误。但如果我这样做：

try
{
    X509Chain chain = new X509Chain();
    var chainBuilt = chain.Build(certificate);
    Console.WriteLine("Chain building status: "+ chainBuilt);

    if (chainBuilt == false)
        foreach (X509ChainStatus chainStatus in chain.ChainStatus)
            Console.WriteLine("Chain error: "+ chainStatus.Status);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
    Console.WriteLine(ex);
}

它写道：

Chain building status: False
Chain error: RevocationStatusUnknown 
Chain error: OfflineRevocation

所以当我这样做时：

        ServicePointManager.CheckCertificateRevocationList = false;
    ServicePointManager.ServerCertificateValidationCallback = (a, b, c, d) => true;
    ServicePointManager.Expect100Continue = true;
    Console.WriteLine("connessione a:" + host);
    HttpWebRequest req = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(host);
    req.PreAuthenticate = true;
    req.AllowAutoRedirect = true;
    req.ClientCertificates.Add(certificate);
    req.Method = "POST";
    req.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
    string postData = "login-form-type=cert";
    byte[] postBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(postData);
    req.ContentLength = postBytes.Length;
    Stream postStream = req.GetRequestStream();
    postStream.Write(postBytes, 0, postBytes.Length);
    postStream.Flush();
    postStream.Close();

    WebResponse resp = req.GetResponse();

服务器说证书不是sent/valid。

我的问题是：

即使链构建错误，我如何发送证书？
还有另一个 class 到 post 的证书在发送之前不检查证书验证吗？

非常感谢。安东尼奥

Answer 1

问题是您将私钥安装到机器存储，对于不在本地系统帐户下运行或具有显式私钥权限的进程，通常不允许将其用于客户端身份验证。您需要在当前用户存储中安装密钥：

X509Certificate2 certificate = new X509Certificate2(certName, password,
        X509KeyStorageFlags.UserKeySet | X509KeyStorageFlags.PersistKeySet |
        X509KeyStorageFlags.Exportable);

Answer 2

我使用您的代码的修改版本创建了一个命令行程序，其中包含从 IE 导出的私钥的 pfx 证书，我能够对安全网站进行身份验证并检索受保护的页面：

string host = @"https://localhost/";
string certName = @"C:\temp\cert.pfx";
string password = @"password";

try
{
    X509Certificate2 certificate = new X509Certificate2(certName, password);

    ServicePointManager.CheckCertificateRevocationList = false;
    ServicePointManager.ServerCertificateValidationCallback = (a, b, c, d) => true;
    ServicePointManager.Expect100Continue = true;
    HttpWebRequest req = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(host);
    req.PreAuthenticate = true;
    req.AllowAutoRedirect = true;
    req.ClientCertificates.Add(certificate);
    req.Method = "POST";
    req.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
    string postData = "login-form-type=cert";
    byte[] postBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(postData);
    req.ContentLength = postBytes.Length;

    Stream postStream = req.GetRequestStream();
    postStream.Write(postBytes, 0, postBytes.Length);
    postStream.Flush();
    postStream.Close();
    WebResponse resp = req.GetResponse();

    Stream stream = resp.GetResponseStream();
    using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(stream))
    {
        string line = reader.ReadLine();
        while (line != null)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(line);
            line = reader.ReadLine();
        }
    }

    stream.Close();
}
catch(Exception e)
{
    Console.WriteLine(e);
}

Answer 3

我解决了问题，重点是一个 P12 文件（作为 PFX）包含超过 1 个证书，因此必须以这种方式加载：

X509Certificate2Collection certificates = new X509Certificate2Collection();
certificates.Import(certName, password, X509KeyStorageFlags.MachineKeySet | X509KeyStorageFlags.PersistKeySet);

并以这种方式添加到 HttpWebRequest：request.ClientCertificates = certificates;

感谢大家的支持

完整的示例代码

string host = @"https://localhost/";
string certName = @"C:\temp\cert.pfx";
string password = @"password";

try
{
    X509Certificate2Collection certificates = new X509Certificate2Collection();
    certificates.Import(certName, password, X509KeyStorageFlags.MachineKeySet | X509KeyStorageFlags.PersistKeySet);

    ServicePointManager.ServerCertificateValidationCallback = (a, b, c, d) => true;
    HttpWebRequest req = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(host);
    req.AllowAutoRedirect = true;
    req.ClientCertificates = certificates;
    req.Method = "POST";
    req.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
    string postData = "login-form-type=cert";
    byte[] postBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(postData);
    req.ContentLength = postBytes.Length;

    Stream postStream = req.GetRequestStream();
    postStream.Write(postBytes, 0, postBytes.Length);
    postStream.Flush();
    postStream.Close();
    WebResponse resp = req.GetResponse();

    Stream stream = resp.GetResponseStream();
    using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(stream))
    {
        string line = reader.ReadLine();
        while (line != null)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(line);
            line = reader.ReadLine();
        }
    }

    stream.Close();
}
catch(Exception e)
{
    Console.WriteLine(e);
}

Answer 4

我试图使用一个自签名证书，其唯一目的是“服务器证书”作为使用以下代码的客户端证书：

        HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)HttpWebRequest.Create("https://serverurl.com/test/certauth");
        X509Store store = new X509Store(StoreName.My, StoreLocation.LocalMachine);
        store.Open(OpenFlags.ReadWrite);
        var certificate = store.Certificates.Find(X509FindType.FindByThumbprint, "a909502dd82ae41433e6f83886b00d4277a32a7b", true)[0];
        request.ClientCertificates.Add(certificate);
        HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse();

我了解到 .NET Framework 会接受这样的证书作为客户端证书，但 .NET Core 不会（参见 https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/issues/26531）。

有两种解决方法：

切换到 .NET Framework
生成一个新的自签名证书，该证书具有用途/增强型密钥用法 = 客户端证书。然后代码也将在 Core 中工作。

强制 HttpWebRequest 发送客户端证书

Force HttpWebRequest to send client certificate

c#

httpwebrequest

x509certificate