无法将目标 WSGI 脚本“../wsgi.py”加载为 Python 模块

Question

我正在部署一个 Django 项目并收到 500 错误（请参阅服务器日志错误）。

我哪里做错了？

一些注意事项：

centOS
mod_wsgi 已安装
开发和部署环境中的 python (2.7) 和 django (1.9.6) 版本相同
在部署环境中使用 virtualenv

服务器日志错误

[Wed Sep 21 17:07:54 2016] [error] [client 192.168.30.93]  SyntaxError: invalid syntax
[Wed Sep 21 17:07:54 2016] [error] [client 192.168.30.93] mod_wsgi (pid=6570): Target WSGI script '/new_esmart/esmart2/esmart2/wsgi.py' cannot be loaded as Python module., referer: http://192.168.30.17/logistics/alarms/
[Wed Sep 21 17:07:54 2016] [error] [client 192.168.30.93] mod_wsgi (pid=6570): Exception occurred processing WSGI script '/new_esmart/esmart2/esmart2/wsgi.py'., referer: http://192.168.30.17/logistics/alarms/
[Wed Sep 21 17:07:54 2016] [error] [client 192.168.30.93] Traceback (most recent call last):, referer: http://192.168.30.17/logistics/alarms/
[Wed Sep 21 17:07:54 2016] [error] [client 192.168.30.93]   File "/new_esmart/esmart2/esmart2/wsgi.py", line 13, in <module>, referer: http://192.168.30.17/logistics/alarms/
[Wed Sep 21 17:07:54 2016] [error] [client 192.168.30.93]     import django.core.handlers.wsgi, referer: http://192.168.30.17/logistics/alarms/
[Wed Sep 21 17:07:54 2016] [error] [client 192.168.30.93]   File "/new_esmart/esmart_env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/__init__.py", line 1, in <module>, referer: http://192.168.30.17/logistics/alarms/
[Wed Sep 21 17:07:54 2016] [error] [client 192.168.30.93]     from django.utils.version import get_version, referer: http://192.168.30.17/logistics/alarms/
[Wed Sep 21 17:07:54 2016] [error] [client 192.168.30.93]   File "/new_esmart/esmart_env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/utils/version.py", line 7, in <module>, referer: http://192.168.30.17/logistics/alarms/
[Wed Sep 21 17:07:54 2016] [error] [client 192.168.30.93]     from django.utils.lru_cache import lru_cache, referer: http://192.168.30.17/logistics/alarms/
[Wed Sep 21 17:07:54 2016] [error] [client 192.168.30.93]   File "/new_esmart/esmart_env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/utils/lru_cache.py", line 28, referer: http://192.168.30.17/logistics/alarms/
[Wed Sep 21 17:07:54 2016] [error] [client 192.168.30.93]      fasttypes = {int, str, frozenset, type(None)},, referer: http://192.168.30.17/logistics/alarms/
[Wed Sep 21 17:07:54 2016] [error] [client 192.168.30.93]                      ^, referer: http://192.168.30.17/logistics/alarms/
[Wed Sep 21 17:07:54 2016] [error] [client 192.168.30.93]  SyntaxError: invalid syntax, referer: http://192.168.30.17/logistics/alarms/

wsgi.py

# Add the site-packages of the chosen virtualenv to work with
site.addsitedir('/new_esmart/esmart_env/lib/python2.7/site-packages')

# Add the app's directory to the PYTHONPATH
sys.path.append('/new_esmart/esmart2')
sys.path.append('/new_esmart/esmart2/esmart2')
os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "esmart2.settings")

# Activate your virtual env
activate_env = os.path.expanduser("/new_esmart/esmart_env/bin/activate_this.py")
execfile(activate_env, dict(__file__=activate_env))

application = django.core.handlers.wsgi.WSGIHandler()

httpd.conf

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerAdmin blahblah@blah.it
    DocumentRoot /new_esmart/esmart2
    ServerName logistica.org
    ServerAlias www.logistica.org
    WSGIScriptAlias / /new_esmart/esmart2/esmart2/wsgi.py
    ErrorLog logs/logistica.org-error_log
    CustomLog logs/logistica.org-access_log common
</VirtualHost>

WSGIPythonPath /new_esmart/esmart2:/new_esmart/esmart_env/lib/python2.7/site-packages

/etc/httpd/conf.d/wsgi.conf

LoadModule wsgi_module modules/mod_wsgi.so

Answer 1

正如 Daniel 所指出的，该错误表明您的 mod_wsgi 是针对 Python 2.6 编译的。为了使用 Python 2.7，您需要安装 mod_wsgi 并针对 Python 2.7 进行编译。您不能通过简单地引用您的 Python 2.7 虚拟环境来尝试强制它使用 Python 2.7，它不是这样工作的。

您可以验证 Python 版本 mod_wsgi 是使用以下描述的测试应用程序编译的：

http://modwsgi.readthedocs.io/en/develop/user-guides/checking-your-installation.html#python-installation-in-use

您将需要卸载 mod_wsgi 模块并安装为 Python 2.7 构建的版本，如果可用，则从系统包安装，或者如果没有可用于 [ 的系统包，则从源代码构建=38=] 对于 Python 2.7.

我还建议您查看有关使用 mod_wsgi 的 Django 文档，并确保按照说明使用守护进程模式。

https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/howto/deployment/wsgi/modwsgi/#using-mod-wsgi-daemon-mode

请注意，Django 文档仍未遵循所有最佳实践。与其在 python-path 中显式添加 site-packages，不如使用 python-home 来引用虚拟环境。参见：

http://blog.dscpl.com.au/2014/09/using-python-virtual-environments-with.html

Answer 2

您没有使用正确的 python 版本，但您可以使用 WSGIPythonHome 指令在您的 apache conf 中指定要使用的版本。

添加

WSGIPythonHome /path/to/your/virtualenv

到您的 Apache 配置，

这样你就可以使用 virtualenv 中的解释器了。

编辑：

由于您可能想专门为您的 VirtualHost 定义 python 主页（WSGIPythonHome 不能在 VirtualHost 范围内使用），您可以使用 WSGIDaemonProcess 指令：

<VirtualHost *:80>
  ServerName example.com
  [...]

  WSGIDaemonProcess example.com python-home=/path/to/venv python-path=<python-path>
  WSGIProcessGroup example.com

</VirtualHost>

无法将目标 WSGI 脚本“../wsgi.py”加载为 Python 模块

Target WSGI script '../wsgi.py' cannot be loaded as Python module

apache

django

mod-wsgi

wsgi

virtualenv