AuthenticationHandler 错误 AuthenticationScheme：Bearer 被禁止

Question

我正在使用 ASP.NET 核心制作一个小型服务。我现在面临的第一个复杂的事情是对进入我的系统的用户进行身份验证。

介绍一下我的认证流程：

+)客户端 -> 调用(api/account/authorize) -> 系统检查客户端是否是否有效 -> 将令牌发送回客户端，因为 him/her 有效.

+) 客户端 -> 使用获得的令牌 -> 请求api/account/filter -> 服务验证令牌并返回信息.

我已经阅读了一些关于 JWT 的教程，但响应没有包含我需要的足够信息。我要 :

抛出 401 和 一条消息描述状态代码，即：“ACCOUNT_DISABLED", "ACCOUNT_PENDING", "ACCOUNT_PERMISSION_INSUFFICIENT", ... 不仅仅是 401.

因此，我实现了自己的 Authenticate 验证器：

public class BearerAuthenticationHandler : AuthenticationHandler<BearerAuthenticationOption>
{
    #region Properties

    /// <summary>
    /// Inject dependency service into the handler.
    /// </summary>
    private readonly JwtTokenSetting _encryptionSetting;

    /// <summary>
    /// Inject dependency service into the handler.
    /// </summary>
    private readonly IEncryptionService _encryptionService;

    /// <summary>
    /// Inject time service to handler.
    /// </summary>
    private readonly ITimeService _timeService;

    private readonly IRepositoryAccount _repositoryAccount;

    #endregion

    #region Constructors

    /// <summary>
    /// Initialize an instance of handler with specific dependency injections.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="encryptionSetting"></param>
    /// <param name="encryptionService"></param>
    /// <param name="timeService"></param>
    /// <param name="repositoryAccount"></param>
    public BearerAuthenticationHandler(JwtTokenSetting encryptionSetting, IEncryptionService encryptionService, ITimeService timeService, IRepositoryAccount repositoryAccount)
    {
        _encryptionSetting = encryptionSetting;
        _encryptionService = encryptionService;
        _timeService = timeService;
        _repositoryAccount = repositoryAccount;
    }

    #endregion

    #region Methods

    protected override async Task<AuthenticateResult> HandleAuthenticateAsync()
    {
        #region Token analyzation

        // Find the authorization key in request.
        var authorizationKey =
            Request.Headers.Keys.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Equals("authorization", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));

        // Authorization key is not found in the request.
        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(authorizationKey))
            return AuthenticateResult.Fail("No authorization is found in request header.");

        // Find the token in Authorization.
        var authorizationValue = Request.Headers[authorizationKey].ToString();

        // Authentication scheme prefix.
        var authenticationScheme = $"{Options.AuthenticationScheme} ";

        // No token has been specified.
        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(authorizationValue) || !authorizationValue.StartsWith(authenticationScheme, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
            return AuthenticateResult.Fail("No bearer token is found in request header.");

        // Cut the string to obtain bearer token.
        var accessToken = authorizationValue.Substring(authenticationScheme.Length);

        #endregion

        #region Token validation

        // Decrypt the token.
        var tokenDetailViewModel = _encryptionService.Decrypt<TokenDetailViewModel>(accessToken, _encryptionSetting.Key);

        // No detail has been found.
        if (tokenDetailViewModel == null)
        {
            InitializeHttpResponse(Response, HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized, new HttpResponseViewModel
            {
                Message = "TOKEN_INVALID"
            });

            return AuthenticateResult.Fail("Token is invalid");
        }

        // Find the current unix time on server.
        var unixTime = _timeService.UtcToUnix(DateTime.UtcNow);

        // Token is expired.
        if (unixTime > tokenDetailViewModel.Expire)
        {
            InitializeHttpResponse(Response, HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized, new HttpResponseViewModel
            {
                Message = "TOKEN_EXPIRED"
            });

            return AuthenticateResult.Fail("Token is expired");
        }

        // Account filter construction.
        var filterAccountViewModel = new FilterAccountViewModel
        {
            Email = tokenDetailViewModel.Email,
            EmailComparison = TextComparision.Equal,
            Password = tokenDetailViewModel.Password,
            PasswordComparision = TextComparision.EqualIgnoreCase,
            Statuses = new[] { AccountStatus.Active }
        };

        // Find the first condition statisfied account in the database.
        var account = await _repositoryAccount.FindAccountAsync(filterAccountViewModel);

        // Account cannot be found in the database.
        if (account == null)
        {
            InitializeHttpResponse(Response, HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized, new HttpResponseViewModel
            {
                Message = "ACCOUNT_INVALID"
            });
            return AuthenticateResult.Fail("Account is invalid");
        }

        #endregion

        var claimsIdentity = new ClaimsIdentity();
        claimsIdentity.AddClaim(new Claim(nameof(JwtClaim.Email), account.Email));
        claimsIdentity.AddClaim(new Claim(nameof(JwtClaim.Status), nameof(account.Status)));

        // Update user into context.
        var claimPrincipal = new ClaimsPrincipal(claimsIdentity);

        // Initialize an authentication ticket.
        var authenticationTicket = new AuthenticationTicket(claimPrincipal, new AuthenticationProperties
        {
            AllowRefresh = true,
            ExpiresUtc = DateTime.UtcNow.AddMinutes(30),
            IsPersistent = true,
            IssuedUtc = DateTime.UtcNow
        }, "Bearer");

        return AuthenticateResult.Success(authenticationTicket);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Initialize an application/json response.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="httpResponse"></param>
    /// <param name="httpStatusCode"></param>
    /// <param name="httpResponseViewModel"></param>
    private void InitializeHttpResponse(HttpResponse httpResponse, HttpStatusCode httpStatusCode, HttpResponseViewModel httpResponseViewModel)
    {
        // Response must be always application/json.
        httpResponse.ContentType = "application/json";
        httpResponse.StatusCode = (int)httpStatusCode;

        if (httpResponseViewModel == null)
            return;

        using (var streamWriter = new StreamWriter(httpResponse.Body))
        {
            streamWriter.AutoFlush = true;
            streamWriter.WriteLineAsync(JsonConvert.SerializeObject(httpResponseViewModel));
        }
    }

    #endregion
}

这是我的 AccountController：

[Route("api/[controller]")]
public class AccountController : Controller
{
    private readonly IRepositoryAccount _repositoryAccount;

    private readonly IEncryptionService _encryptionService;

    private readonly ITimeService _timeService;

    private readonly JwtTokenSetting _jwtTokenSetting;

    public AccountController(IRepositoryAccount repositoryAccount, IEncryptionService encryptionService, ITimeService timeService,
        IOptions<JwtTokenSetting> jwtTokenSetting)
    {
        _repositoryAccount = repositoryAccount;
        _encryptionService = encryptionService;
        _timeService = timeService;
        _jwtTokenSetting = jwtTokenSetting.Value;
    }

    [HttpPost("authorize")]
    [AllowAnonymous]
    public async Task<IActionResult> Authorize([FromBody] LoginViewModel loginViewModel)
    {
        // Find the encrypted password of login information.
        var filterAccountViewModel = new FilterAccountViewModel();
        filterAccountViewModel.Email = loginViewModel.Email;
        filterAccountViewModel.EmailComparison = TextComparision.Equal;
        filterAccountViewModel.Password = _encryptionService.FindEncryptPassword(loginViewModel.Password);
        filterAccountViewModel.PasswordComparision = TextComparision.EqualIgnoreCase;
        filterAccountViewModel.Statuses = new[] {AccountStatus.Active};

        // Initialize HttpResponseViewModel.
        var httpResponseViewModel = new HttpResponseViewModel();

        // Find the account.
        var account = await _repositoryAccount.FindAccountAsync(filterAccountViewModel);

        // Account is not found.
        if (account == null)
        {
            Response.ContentType = "application/json";
            using (var streamWriter = new StreamWriter(Response.Body))
            {
                httpResponseViewModel.Message = "ACCOUNT_INVALID";
                await streamWriter.WriteLineAsync(JsonConvert.SerializeObject(httpResponseViewModel));
            }

            return new UnauthorizedResult();
        }

        // Initialize token detail.
        var tokenDetailViewModel = new TokenDetailViewModel
        {
            Email = loginViewModel.Email,
            Password = filterAccountViewModel.Password,
            Expire = _timeService.UtcToUnix(DateTime.UtcNow.AddSeconds(_jwtTokenSetting.Expire))
        };

        // Initialize token information and throw to client for their future use.
        var tokenGeneralViewModel = new TokenGeneralViewModel
        {
            AccessToken = _encryptionService.Encrypt(tokenDetailViewModel, _jwtTokenSetting.Key),
            Expire = _jwtTokenSetting.Expire
        };

        return Ok(tokenGeneralViewModel);
    }


    [HttpPost("filter")]
    [Authorize(ActiveAuthenticationSchemes = "Bearer")]
    public IEnumerable<string> FindAllAccounts()
    {
        Response.StatusCode = (int)HttpStatusCode.Accepted;
        return new[] { "1", "2", "3", "4" };
    }
}

当我使用api/account/authorize生成的令牌访问api/account/filter时。向我抛出一个错误：

AuthenticationScheme：Bearer 被禁止

谁能告诉我为什么？我的实施是不是最好的方法？

谢谢，

Answer 1

Is my implementation the best approach or not ?

我不会像你实施的那样这样做。因为（1和3只是我的意见）

ACCOUNT_DISABLED, ACCOUNT_PENDING, ACCOUNT_PERMISSION_INSUFFICIENT 此状态并不意味着用户必须重新输入其凭证。
即使我想在创建自己的消息之前使用 401 处理程序实现，我会考虑使用 jwt 承载事件。 OnChallenge 事件似乎很适合做这个（参见这个 answer 如何实现）。
我认为您的要求与授权有关，而不是与身份验证有关。所以写一个策略会更好。

要使用策略，我不知道简单的实现方式，但这是我的尝试：

授权处理程序：

public class CheckUserRequirement : IAuthorizationRequirement
{
}
public class CheckUserAuthorizationHandler : AuthorizationHandler<CheckUserRequirement>
{
    private readonly IHttpContextAccessor _accessor;
    public SimpleAuthorizationHandler(IHttpContextAccessor accessor)
    {
        _accessor = accessor;
    }
    protected override async Task HandleRequirementAsync(AuthorizationHandlerContext context, SimpleRequirement requirement)
    {
        if(account.isDisabled)
        {
           _accessor.HttpContext.Response.Headers.Add("error_code", "ACCOUNT_DISABLED");
        }
        //...
        context.Succeed(requirement);
    }
}

配置服务：

        services.AddSingleton<IHttpContextAccessor, HttpContextAccessor>();
        services.AddScoped<IAuthorizationHandler, CheckUserAuthorizationHandler>();
        services.AddAuthorization(options =>
        {
            options.AddPolicy("CheckUser", policy => { policy.AddRequirements(new CheckUserRequirement()); });
        });

并使用它：

[Authorize(Policy = "CheckUser")]
public class SomeController

编辑

我曾建议 OnChallenge 活动，但我意识到它不适合您的情况。看我的另一个answer

AuthenticationHandler 错误 AuthenticationScheme：Bearer 被禁止

AuthenticationHandler error AuthenticationScheme: Bearer was forbidden

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