`sp_executesql` 真的接受 `nvarchar(max)` 参数吗？

Question

总结：对于@code中超过4000的内容，EXEC sp_executesql @code失败，但@code没有被截断为4000 unicode字符。

我正在观察 SQL Server 2014 Developer Edition 上的问题。

更多细节：我的 SQL 安装脚本动态定义了一些代码，因为它应该修改代码以反映环境（仅一次，在安装期间）。让以下 @datasource 变量捕获特定环境的结果：

DECLARE @datasource nvarchar(100) = N'testdb.dbo.source_table'

@code变量声明为nvarchar(max)类型，REPLACE函数用于根据需要修改字符串（即用[替换占位符） =16=] 内容）——见下面的片段。

在 Management Studio 中使用 @code 执行 sp_executesql 时，显示以下错误：

Msg 156, Level 15, State 1, Procedure my_sp, Line 86
Incorrect syntax near the keyword 'AS'.
Msg 102, Level 15, State 1, Procedure my_sp, Line 88
Incorrect syntax near 'WHERE'.

下面的代码片段是上述方法失败的代码的精确副本（待复制）。功能可能并不重要——可能只有代码的长度很重要。 @code 内容显然被 sp_executesql 截断了；然而，它不应该是（见下文）：

-- ... repeated from above
DECLARE @datasource nvarchar(100) = N'testdb.dbo.source_table'

DECLARE @code nvarchar(MAX) = REPLACE(N'
-- Comment comment comment comment comment comment comment comment comment.
-- Comment comment comment comment comment comment comment comment comment.
-- Comment comment comment comment comment comment comment comment comment.
CREATE PROCEDURE dbo.my_sp
AS
BEGIN
    SET NOCOUNT ON
    DECLARE @result int = -555   -- Comment comment comment comment comment.

    -- Comment comment comment comment comment comment comment comment comment.
    -- Comment comment comment comment comment comment comment comment comment.
    DECLARE @info_table TABLE (
        action nvarchar(10),    -- Comment comment comment comment comment
        firmaID int,            -- Comment comment comment comment comment
        kod numeric(8, 0),      -- Comment comment comment comment comment
        oz1 nvarchar(40),       -- Comment comment comment comment comment
        oz2 nvarchar(40),       -- Comment comment comment comment comment
        oz3 nvarchar(40),
        oz4 nvarchar(40)
    )

-- Comment comment comment comment comment comment comment comment comment.
    BEGIN TRANSACTION tran_firmy
    BEGIN TRY
        MERGE dbo.firmy AS target
        USING (SELECT kod, ico, dic, nazev,
               oz1, oz2, oz3, oz4,
               jeaktivni,
               ulice, mesto, psc
               FROM @datasource) AS source
        ON target.kod = source.kod
        WHEN MATCHED AND (COALESCE(target.ico, '''') != COALESCE(source.ico, '''')
                          OR COALESCE(target.dic, '''') != COALESCE(source.dic, '''')
                          OR COALESCE(target.nazev, '''') != COALESCE(source.nazev, '''')
                          OR COALESCE(target.nepouzivat_oz1, '''') != COALESCE(source.oz1, '''')
                          OR COALESCE(target.nepouzivat_oz2, '''') != COALESCE(source.oz2, '''')
                          OR COALESCE(target.nepouzivat_oz3, '''') != COALESCE(source.oz3, '''')
                          OR COALESCE(target.nepouzivat_oz4, '''') != COALESCE(source.oz4, '''')
                          OR COALESCE(target.jeaktivni, 0) != COALESCE(source.jeaktivni, 0)
                          OR COALESCE(target.ulice, '''') != COALESCE(source.ulice, '''')
                          OR COALESCE(target.mesto, '''') != COALESCE(source.mesto, '''')
                          OR COALESCE(target.psc, '''') != COALESCE(source.psc, '''')
                          ) THEN
            UPDATE
            SET target.ico = source.ico,
                target.dic = source.dic,
                target.nazev = source.nazev,
                target.nepouzivat_oz1 = source.oz1,
                target.nepouzivat_oz2 = source.oz2,
                target.nepouzivat_oz3 = source.oz3,
                target.nepouzivat_oz4 = source.oz4,
                target.jeaktivni = source.jeaktivni,
                target.ulice = source.ulice,
                target.mesto = source.mesto,
                target.psc = source.psc,
                target.changed = GETDATE(),
                target.changedby = ''dialog''
        WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
            INSERT (kod, ico, dic, nazev,
                    nepouzivat_oz1, nepouzivat_oz2, nepouzivat_oz3, nepouzivat_oz4,
                    jeaktivni,
                    ulice, mesto, psc,
                    created, createdby)
            VALUES (source.kod, source.ico, source.dic, source.nazev,
                    source.oz1, source.oz2, source.oz3, source.oz4,
                    source.jeaktivni,
                    source.ulice, source.mesto, source.psc,
                    GETDATE(), ''dialog'')
        OUTPUT
            $action AS action,  -- INSERT or UPDATE
            inserted.ID AS firmaID,
            inserted.kod AS kod,
            inserted.nepouzivat_oz1 AS oz1,
            inserted.nepouzivat_oz2 AS oz2,
            inserted.nepouzivat_oz3 AS oz3,
            inserted.nepouzivat_oz4 AS oz4
        INTO @info_table;

        -- Comment comment comment comment comment comment comment comment comment.
        -- Comment comment comment comment comment comment comment comment comment.
        SET @result = @@ROWCOUNT

        -- Comment comment comment comment comment comment comment comment comment.
        -- Comment comment comment comment comment comment comment comment comment.
        DELETE FROM obchodni_zastupci AS ozt
        WHERE ozt.kod IN (
            SELECT kod FROM @info_table AS it WHER it.action = ''UPDATE''
            )

        -- Comment comment comment comment comment comment comment comment comment.
        -- Comment comment comment comment comment comment comment comment comment.
        UPDATE dodaci_adresy
            SET custID = f.ID
        FROM firmy AS f,  dodaci_adresy AS da
        WHERE da.custID IS NULL AND f.kod = da.kod_firmy

        COMMIT TRANSACTION tran_firmy
    END TRY
    BEGIN CATCH
        ROLLBACK TRANSACTION tran_firmy
        SET @result = -1  -- Comment comment comment comment comment comment comment comment comment.

    END CATCH
    RETURN @result          -- Comment comment comment comment comment comment comment comment comment.
END', N'@datasource', N'testdb.dbo.source_table')


-- The following prints only show that the full-length string is there
PRINT SUBSTRING(@code, 0, 4000)
PRINT '-----------------------------------------------------------'
PRINT SUBSTRING(@code, 4000, 10000)


EXEC sp_executesql @code

-- The following command also does not work (uncomment it).
-- EXEC(@code)

-- Even splitting to two variables and passing the concatenation 
-- does not work. 
-- DECLARE @code1 nvarchar(MAX) = SUBSTRING(@code, 0, 4000)
-- DECLARE @code2 nvarchar(MAX) = SUBSTRING(@code, 4000, 10000)
-- EXEC(@code1 + @code2)

注意两个 PRINT 命令。第一个打印前 4000 个字符，第二个打印其余字符。它在行的中间被截断，但它仅用于显示 @code 确实包含完整的字符串。

sp_executesql (Transact-SQL) 的文档说：

[ @stmt= ] statement

[...] The size of the string is limited only by available database server memory. On 64-bit servers, the size of the string is limited to 2 GB, the maximum size of nvarchar(max).

我在别处找到了使用 EXEC(@code) 的提示，它没有 sp_executesql 的限制。但是，它与上面引用的文档部分相矛盾。而且，EXEC(@code)也不行。

当替换后的相同内容copy/pasted到SQL控制台时，它起作用了（即创建了程序）。

如何破案？

Answer 1

您的查询看起来 超出了 nvarchar 4000 的最大限制，在这种情况下，您必须将您的动态查询分成两部分 .

Declare @QueryA NVARCHAR(MAX),@QueryB NVARCHAR(MAX)

SET @QueryA='SELECT * FROM'
SET @QueryB=' Employee'

EXEC (@QueryA+@QueryB)

注意：如果还是一样的错误尝试拆分更多部分

Answer 2

sp_executesql 确实接受 NVARCHAR(MAX)。问题是查询模板中的以下语句存在错误：

    DELETE FROM obchodni_zastupci AS ozt
    WHERE ozt.kod IN (
        SELECT kod FROM @info_table AS it WHER it.action = ''UPDATE''
        )

应该是：如下：

    DELETE FROM obchodni_zastupci
    WHERE obchodni_zastupci.kod IN (
        SELECT kod FROM @info_table AS it WHERE it.action = ''UPDATE''
        )

完整查询应如下所示：

DECLARE @datasource nvarchar(100) = N'testdb.dbo.source_table'
DECLARE @template NVARCHAR(MAX) = N'
-- Comment comment comment comment comment comment comment comment comment.
-- Comment comment comment comment comment comment comment comment comment.
-- Comment comment comment comment comment comment comment comment comment.
CREATE PROCEDURE dbo.my_sp
AS
BEGIN
    SET NOCOUNT ON
    DECLARE @result int = -555   -- Comment comment comment comment comment.

    -- Comment comment comment comment comment comment comment comment comment.
    -- Comment comment comment comment comment comment comment comment comment.
    DECLARE @info_table TABLE (
        action nvarchar(10),    -- Comment comment comment comment comment
        firmaID int,            -- Comment comment comment comment comment
        kod numeric(8, 0),      -- Comment comment comment comment comment
        oz1 nvarchar(40),       -- Comment comment comment comment comment
        oz2 nvarchar(40),       -- Comment comment comment comment comment
        oz3 nvarchar(40),
        oz4 nvarchar(40)
    )

-- Comment comment comment comment comment comment comment comment comment.
    BEGIN TRANSACTION tran_firmy
    BEGIN TRY
        MERGE dbo.firmy AS target
        USING (SELECT kod, ico, dic, nazev,
               oz1, oz2, oz3, oz4,
               jeaktivni,
               ulice, mesto, psc
               FROM @datasource) AS source
        ON target.kod = source.kod
        WHEN MATCHED AND (COALESCE(target.ico, '''') != COALESCE(source.ico, '''')
                          OR COALESCE(target.dic, '''') != COALESCE(source.dic, '''')
                          OR COALESCE(target.nazev, '''') != COALESCE(source.nazev, '''')
                          OR COALESCE(target.nepouzivat_oz1, '''') != COALESCE(source.oz1, '''')
                          OR COALESCE(target.nepouzivat_oz2, '''') != COALESCE(source.oz2, '''')
                          OR COALESCE(target.nepouzivat_oz3, '''') != COALESCE(source.oz3, '''')
                          OR COALESCE(target.nepouzivat_oz4, '''') != COALESCE(source.oz4, '''')
                          OR COALESCE(target.jeaktivni, 0) != COALESCE(source.jeaktivni, 0)
                          OR COALESCE(target.ulice, '''') != COALESCE(source.ulice, '''')
                          OR COALESCE(target.mesto, '''') != COALESCE(source.mesto, '''')
                          OR COALESCE(target.psc, '''') != COALESCE(source.psc, '''')
                          ) THEN
            UPDATE
            SET target.ico = source.ico,
                target.dic = source.dic,
                target.nazev = source.nazev,
                target.nepouzivat_oz1 = source.oz1,
                target.nepouzivat_oz2 = source.oz2,
                target.nepouzivat_oz3 = source.oz3,
                target.nepouzivat_oz4 = source.oz4,
                target.jeaktivni = source.jeaktivni,
                target.ulice = source.ulice,
                target.mesto = source.mesto,
                target.psc = source.psc,
                target.changed = GETDATE(),
                target.changedby = ''dialog''
        WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
            INSERT (kod, ico, dic, nazev,
                    nepouzivat_oz1, nepouzivat_oz2, nepouzivat_oz3, nepouzivat_oz4,
                    jeaktivni,
                    ulice, mesto, psc,
                    created, createdby)
            VALUES (source.kod, source.ico, source.dic, source.nazev,
                    source.oz1, source.oz2, source.oz3, source.oz4,
                    source.jeaktivni,
                    source.ulice, source.mesto, source.psc,
                    GETDATE(), ''dialog'')
        OUTPUT
            $action AS action,  -- INSERT or UPDATE
            inserted.ID AS firmaID,
            inserted.kod AS kod,
            inserted.nepouzivat_oz1 AS oz1,
            inserted.nepouzivat_oz2 AS oz2,
            inserted.nepouzivat_oz3 AS oz3,
            inserted.nepouzivat_oz4 AS oz4
        INTO @info_table;

        -- Comment comment comment comment comment comment comment comment comment.
        -- Comment comment comment comment comment comment comment comment comment.
        SET @result = @@ROWCOUNT

        -- Comment comment comment comment comment comment comment comment comment.
        -- Comment comment comment comment comment comment comment comment comment.
        DELETE FROM obchodni_zastupci
        WHERE obchodni_zastupci.kod IN (
            SELECT kod FROM @info_table AS it WHERE it.action = ''UPDATE''
            )

        -- Comment comment comment comment comment comment comment comment comment.
        -- Comment comment comment comment comment comment comment comment comment.
        UPDATE dodaci_adresy
            SET custID = f.ID
        FROM firmy AS f,  dodaci_adresy AS da
        WHERE da.custID IS NULL AND f.kod = da.kod_firmy

        COMMIT TRANSACTION tran_firmy
    END TRY
    BEGIN CATCH
        ROLLBACK TRANSACTION tran_firmy
        SET @result = -1  -- Comment comment comment comment comment comment comment comment comment.

    END CATCH
    RETURN @result          -- Comment comment comment comment comment comment comment comment comment.
END'


DECLARE @code nvarchar(MAX) = REPLACE(@template, N'@datasource', N'testdb.dbo.source_table');

exec (@code);

Answer 3

我不知道为什么会出错：

Msg 156, Level 15, State 1, Procedure my_sp, Line 86
Incorrect syntax near the keyword 'AS'.
Msg 102, Level 15, State 1, Procedure my_sp, Line 88
Incorrect syntax near 'WHERE'.

被解释为您的字符串长度可能太长。这显然是一个语法错误。正如埃德蒙指出的那样，你有 2 个错误。

无论如何，我发布这个答案是为了消除另一个答案和你在你的问题中提出的关于长度问题的建议，因为你的陈述超过了 4,000 个字符。这是一个脚本，用于制作 100,000 字符长度 NVARCHAR SQL 语句并将其作为 EXEC (@SQL) 和 sp_executeSQL 执行。在 SQL 2008 SP4-OD 10.0.6547.0 (x64) 上执行都没有问题，在 2014 SP2 上也没有问题。

因此 似乎没有问题，不需要解决方法 自 2008 年版本以来至少如此。

DECLARE @CharacterLength INT = 100000
DECLARE @SQL NVARCHAR(MAX) = 'SELECT ' + CHAR(39)

DECLARE @i INT = 1

WHILE (LEN(@SQL) <= @CharacterLength - 2)
BEGIN

    SET @SQL = @SQL + 'A'

END

SET @SQL = @SQL + CHAR(39)

PRINT 'Total Length: ' + CAST(LEN(@SQL) AS VARCHAR(100))

EXECUTE sp_executesql @sql

PRINT 'No Problem with sp_executesql'

BEGIN TRY
    PRINT 'Total Length: ' + CAST(LEN(@SQL) AS VARCHAR(100))
    EXEC (@SQL)
    PRINT 'No Problem with EXEC (@SQL)'
END TRY
BEGIN CATCH
    PRINT 'Yep never got here because there was no problem with over this character limit'
END CATCH

Answer 4

同样的情况困扰了我一段时间。对我来说解决方案是不声明多个 NVARCHAR(MAX) 变量。

在构建动态 SQL 时，您可能会使用 NVARCHAR(MAX) 作为子字符串，这些子字符串被组合到传递给 sp_executesql 的最终 SQL 查询变量中。

NVARCHAR(MAX) 的最大内存分配为 2GB。您的服务器可能正在划分已声明的完整 2GB PER NVARCHAR(MAX)。例如，如果您声明了三个 NVARCHAR(MAX) 变量，您的服务器可能会分配 6GB 来执行您的脚本。这可能足以使您的 RAM 过载，具体取决于运行时执行的其他内容。

如果您知道子字符串都将少于 8,000 个字符，请对子字符串使用 VARCHAR(8000) 而不是 NVARCHAR(MAX)。只需将 NVARCHAR(MAX) 用于传递到 sp_executesql.

的最终字符串变量（其中所有子字符串变量组合在一起）

这就是为我解决了这个问题。

`sp_executesql` 真的接受 `nvarchar(max)` 参数吗？

Does `sp_executesql` really accepts the `nvarchar(max)` argument?

sql

sql-server

sql-server-2014

nvarchar

limits