TKinter 中的不同 Windows

Question

我无法弄清楚如何在 Tkinter 实例中运行多个应用程序。我计划有一个主要的 window，它将调用其他应用程序到运行。

我还想让登录按钮设置用户名和密码字符串，然后关闭它自己的 window。

我已经尝试过使用 Toplevel windows，但这限制了我格式化按钮的能力。例如，我不能使用框架...非常感谢任何关于我需要采取的方向的帮助。

我一直在想办法解决这个问题，我查看了许多不同的代码示例，但我一直在用相互矛盾的方法来做同样的事情。我正在使用 python 3.

import tkinter as tk
import os
import json
from tkinter import Toplevel
cert = ""

username = ""
password = ""
base_url = ''
url = ''
splash_page = ''

class BuildApplication(tk.Frame):
    def __init__(self, master=None):
        tk.Frame.__init__(self, master)
        self.pack()
        self.createWidgets()

    def createWidgets(self):
        self.lUSER = tk.Label(self, text="Username: ").pack(side="left")
        self.eUSER = tk.Entry(self)
        self.eUSER.pack(side="left")

        self.lPASS = tk.Label(self, text="Password: ").pack(side="left")
        self.ePASS = tk.Entry(self)
        self.ePASS.pack(side="left")

        #ive tried command= lambda: self.setCredentials(self.eUSER.get(),self.ePASS.get())
        #            command = self.setCredentials(self.eUSER.get(),self.ePASS.get())
        #          But none if it works....
        self.LOGIN = tk.Button(self, text = "Login", fg="green" )
        self.LOGIN.pack(side="left")

        self.QUIT = tk.Button(self, text="QUIT", fg="red", command=self.destroy)
        self.QUIT.pack(side="left")

        self.mainloop()

    def setCredentials(self,u,p):
        username = u
        password = p
        print(username)
        print(password)
        self.destroy()

class SearchApplication(tk.Frame):
    def __init__(self, master=None):
        tk.Frame.__init__(self, master)
        self.pack()
        self.createWidgets()
    def createWidgets(self):
        print("create somethng")

class MainApplication(tk.Frame):
    def __init__(self, master=None):
        tk.Frame.__init__(self, master)
        self.pack()
        self.createWidgets()

    def createWidgets(self):        
        #Build Data
        self.bBuild = tk.Button(self, text="Build Data", command=self.build)
        self.bBuild.pack(side="top")

        #Search Data
        self.bSearch = tk.Button(self, text="Search",command=self.search)
        self.bSearch["text"] = "Search"
        self.bSearch["command"] = self.search
        self.bSearch.pack(side="top")

        #quit
        self.QUIT = tk.Button(self, text="QUIT", fg="red", command= root.destroy)
        self.QUIT.pack(side="bottom")

    def build(self):
        print("Building")
        root2 = tk.Tk()
        buildApp = BuildApplication(master=root2)
        buildApp.mainloop()

    def search(self):
        print("Search")
        root3 = tk.Tk()
        app2 = SearchApplication(master=root3)
        app2.mainloop()

root = tk.Tk()
app = MainApplication(master=root)
app.master.title("fdsafds")

app.mainloop()

Answer 1

我修改了你的代码：

import tkinter as tk
import os
import json
from tkinter import Toplevel
cert = ""

username = ""
password = ""
base_url = ''
url = ''
splash_page = ''

class BuildApplication(tk.Frame):

    def __init__(self, master=None):
        tk.Frame.__init__(self, master)
        self.pack()
        self.createWidgets()

    def createWidgets(self):
        self.lUSER = tk.Label(self, text="Username: ")
        self.lUSER.pack(side="left") 
        self.eUSER = tk.Entry(self)
        self.eUSER.pack(side="left")

        self.lPASS = tk.Label(self, text="Password: ")
        self.lPASS.pack(side="left")
        self.ePASS = tk.Entry(self, show="*")
        self.ePASS.pack(side="left")

        #ive tried command= lambda: self.setCredentials(self.eUSER.get(),self.ePASS.get())
        #            command = self.setCredentials(self.eUSER.get(),self.ePASS.get())
        #          But none if it works....
        self.LOGIN = tk.Button(self, text = "Login", fg="green", command=self.setCredentials )
        self.LOGIN.pack(side="left")

        self.QUIT = tk.Button(self, text="QUIT", fg="red", command=self.master.destroy)
        self.QUIT.pack(side="left")

        #self.mainloop()

    def setCredentials(self):
        username = self.eUSER.get()
        password = self.ePASS.get()
        print("username", username)
        print("password", password)
        self.master.destroy()

class SearchApplication(tk.Frame):

    def __init__(self, master=None):
        tk.Frame.__init__(self, master)
        self.pack()
        self.createWidgets()

    def createWidgets(self):
        print()
        self.some_abel = tk.Label(self, text="create somethng")
        self.some_abel.pack(side="left")
        self.quitb = tk.Button(self, text = "quit", fg="green", command=self.master.destroy )
        self.quitb.pack(side="left")

class MainApplication(tk.Frame):
    def __init__(self, master=None):
        tk.Frame.__init__(self, master)
        self.pack()
        self.createWidgets()

    def createWidgets(self):        
        #Build Data
        self.bBuild = tk.Button(self, text="Build Data", command=self.build)
        self.bBuild.pack(side="top")

        #Search Data
        self.bSearch = tk.Button(self, text="Search",command=self.search)
        self.bSearch["text"] = "Search"
        self.bSearch["command"] = self.search
        self.bSearch.pack(side="top")

        #quit
        self.QUIT = tk.Button(self, text="QUIT", fg="red", command= self.master.destroy)
        self.QUIT.pack(side="bottom")

    def build(self):
        print("Building")
        root2  = tk.Toplevel()
        buildApp = BuildApplication(master=root2)


    def search(self):
        print("Search")
        root3  = tk.Toplevel()
        app2 = SearchApplication(master=root3)

root = tk.Tk()
app = MainApplication(master=root)
app.master.title("fdsafds")

app.mainloop()

主要变化包括在 build 和 search 方法中使用 toplevel windows 而不是 Tk() 方法。你不应该在一个程序中有多个 Tk().mainloops()。新的windows最好用toplevelwindows。

我还更改了 setCredentials 方法，以便它实际工作并打印出用户名和密码，并在按下登录时销毁其 window。我还向 SearchApplication 添加了一些小部件以展示如何使其工作。

其他问题是这一行（以及与这一行类似的其他行）：

self.lUSER = tk.Label(self, text="Username: ").pack(side="left")

它并没有在这个特定的代码中造成直接的麻烦，但是作为这一行的结果，self.lUSER 是 None。原因是pack（和grid）returnsNone。现在这可能不是问题，但以后它可以让您免去很多头疼的事情，想知道为什么您不能更改标签 self.lUSER 如果您愿意的话。

下面是展示其工作原理的 gif 动图。希望对你有帮助。

TKinter 中的不同 Windows

Different Windows in TKinter

python

user-interface

python-3.x

tkinter

tk