如何使用 lxml 和 python 在特定的嵌套标签中查找文本？

Question

假设html来源如下：

<html><body>
<div class="aname">
    <div class="bname">
        <h5><a href="url_a0" class="cname">aTitle</a></h5>
    </div>
    <div class="">
        <div><img src="url_a1"/>img_text<br /></div>
        <div><strong>label_a1:</strong>text_a1<br /></div>
        <div><strong>label_a2:</strong>text_a2<br /></div>
        <div><strong>label_spe:<a href="url_a2">*</a>:</strong>
            <span class="box-span" >spantext_a1</span>
            <span class="box-span" >spantext_a2</span>
            <span class="box-span" >spantext_a3</span><br />
        </div>              
    </div>
</div>

<div class="aname">
    <div class="bname">
        <h5><a href="url_a0" class="cname">aTitle</a></h5>
    </div>
    <div class="">
        <div><img src="url_a1"/>img_text<br /></div>
        <div><strong>label_a1:</strong>text_b1<br /></div>
        <div><strong>label_a2:</strong>text_b2<br /></div>
        <div><strong>label_a3:</strong>text_b3<br /></div>
        <div><strong>label_spe:<a href="url_b3">*</a>:</strong>
            <span class="box-span" >spantext_b1</span>
            <span class="box-span" >spantext_b2</span>
            <span class="box-span" >spantext_b3</span>
            <span class="box-span" >spantext_b4</span>
            <span class="box-span" >spantext_b5</span>
            <span class="box-span" >spantext_b6</span><br />
        </div>              
    </div>
</div>
</body></html>

如果我想要输出是：

aTitle
url_a0
label_a1:
text_a1
label_a2:
text_a2
label_spe:
spantext_a1
spantext_a2
spantext_a3

aTitle
url_a0
label_a1:
text_b1
label_a2:
text_b2
label_a3:
text_b3
label_spe:
spantext_b1
spantext_b2
spantext_b3
spantext_b4
spantext_b5
spantext_b6

我想在 python 中使用 lxml！！请帮助我，我该怎么办？由于 html 有多个 div，并且 span 的数量是可变的。我已经尝试了很多次，但仍然无法获得正确的输出。最后，我希望我能从这里得到一些有用的信息！！我的代码如下：

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import codecs
import lxml,re
import re
from lxml import etree
from lxml.html.clean import Cleaner

def main():
    pass

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

ff = codecs.open('test.html','r',errors='ignore',encoding='utf-8')

    html0 = ff.read()
    html1 = re.sub('<strong>', '',html0)
    html2 = re.sub('</strong>','',html1)
    html  = re.sub('class=\"box-span\"','',html2)

    spelabels = ['img_text', 'label_a1', 'label_a2', 'label_a3']

    root = lxml.html.fromstring(html)
    contents = root.xpath('.//div[@class="aname"]/div[@class=""]/div/text()')
    for content in contents:
         if content[0:8] in spelabels:
              print(content[0:8])
              print(content[9:])
         elif content == "label_spe:":
              print(content)
              nestedcontents = root.xpath('.//div[@class="aname"]/div[@class=""]/div[text()="label_spe:"]/following-sibling::span/text()')          
              print(nestedcontents)
              for nestedcontent in nestedcontents:
                   print(nestcontent)

输出：

img_text

label_a1
text_a1
label_a2
text_a2
label_spe:
[]
img_text

label_a1
text_b1
label_a2
text_b2
label_a3
text_b3
label_spe:
[]

似乎部分有效，但我不知道如何提取 url_a1。 span中的文字没有出现

Answer 1

这是我的尝试。它为您的样本输入提供所需的输出。我让它容忍某些标签更改，例如 div 与 span.

import xml.etree.cElementTree as etree # or: from lxml import etree

body = etree.parse('test.html').find('body')

for aname in body.iterfind('*[@class="aname"]'):
    cname = aname.find('*[@class="bname"]//a[@class="cname"]')
    print cname.text # title
    print cname.get('href') # url

    for div in aname.iterfind('div[@class=""]/div'):
        strong = div.find('strong')
        if strong is not None:
            print strong.text # label
            text = div[0].tail.strip() # 
            if text:
                print text
            else:
                for box in div.iterfind('*[@class="box-span"]'):
                    print box.text

    print

Answer 2

import re
file1 = open("input.txt",'r')

for lines in file1:
    match = re.findall(">\w*:*<", lines)
    for ele in match:

       a = ele.split('>')
       for ele1 in a:
         b = ele1.split('<')
         for i in b:
           if i and (i !=":"):
            print i

输出：

aTitle
img_text
label_a1:
text_a1
label_a2:
text_a2
label_spe:
spantext_a1
spantext_a2
spantext_a3
aTitle
img_text
label_a1:
text_b1
label_a2:
text_b2
label_a3:
text_b3
label_spe:
spantext_b1
spantext_b2
spantext_b3
spantext_b4
spantext_b5
spantext_b6

如何使用 lxml 和 python 在特定的嵌套标签中查找文本？

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