Python

Question

我正在尝试创建一个临时文件，我从另一个文件中写入一些行，然后从数据中创建一些对象。我不确定如何找到并打开临时文件以便阅读。我的代码：

with tempfile.TemporaryFile() as tmp:
    lines = open(file1).readlines()
    tmp.writelines(lines[2:-1])

dependencyList = []

for line in tmp:
    groupId = textwrap.dedent(line.split(':')[0])
    artifactId = line.split(':')[1]
    version = line.split(':')[3]
    scope = str.strip(line.split(':')[4])
    dependencyObject = depenObj(groupId, artifactId, version, scope)
    dependencyList.append(dependencyObject)
tmp.close()

基本上我只是想制作一个中间人临时文件以防止意外覆盖文件。

Answer 1

根据 docs，文件在 TemporaryFile 关闭时被删除，当您退出 with 子句时会发生这种情况。所以...不要退出 with 子句。倒回文件并在 with 中完成您的工作。

with tempfile.TemporaryFile() as tmp:
    lines = open(file1).readlines()
    tmp.writelines(lines[2:-1])
    tmp.seek(0)

    for line in tmp:
        groupId = textwrap.dedent(line.split(':')[0])
        artifactId = line.split(':')[1]
        version = line.split(':')[3]
        scope = str.strip(line.split(':')[4])
        dependencyObject = depenObj(groupId, artifactId, version, scope)
        dependencyList.append(dependencyObject)

Answer 2

你遇到了范围问题；文件 tmp 仅存在于创建它的 with 语句的范围内。此外，如果您想稍后在初始 with 之外访问该文件，则需要使用 NamedTemporaryFile（这使 OS 能够访问该文件）。另外，我不确定您为什么要尝试附加到临时文件...因为它在您实例化之前不存在。

试试这个：

import tempfile

tmp = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile()

# Open the file for writing.
with open(tmp.name, 'w') as f:
    f.write(stuff) # where `stuff` is, y'know... stuff to write (a string)

...

# Open the file for reading.
with open(tmp.name) as f:
    for line in f:
        ... # more things here

Answer 3

以防需要再次打开文件，例如通过不同的进程读取此 might cause trouble on Windows OS:

Whether the name can be used to open the file a second time, while the named temporary file is still open, varies across platforms (it can be so used on Unix; it cannot on Windows NT or later).

因此，一个安全的解决方案是 create a temporary directory，然后在其中手动创建一个文件：

import os.path
import tempfile

with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as td:
    f_name = os.path.join(td, 'test')
    with open(f_name, 'w') as fh:
        fh.write('<content>')
    # Now the file is written and closed and can be used for reading.

Python - 写入和读取临时文件

Python - writing and reading from a temporary file

temporary-files