Python3, PyQt5: QProgressBar 更新使得实际任务非常慢

Python3, PyQt5: QProgressBar updating makes actual task very slow

我在 OSX 上使用 Python 3.5,PyQt5,我想知道是否有可能在不减慢整个计算工作速度的情况下更新 QProgressBar。 这是我的代码,如果我只完成任务而不更新进度条,它会快得多!

from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QWidget, QProgressBar, QPushButton, QApplication)
from jellyfish import levenshtein_distance, jaro_winkler
import sys

class Example(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.initUI()

    def initUI(self):
        self.pbar = QProgressBar(self)
        self.pbar.setGeometry(30, 40, 200, 25)
        self.btn = QPushButton('Start', self)
        self.btn.move(40, 80)
        self.btn.clicked.connect(self.doAction)
        self.setGeometry(300, 300, 280, 170)
        self.show()


    def doAction(self):

        #setup variables
        step = 0
        m = 1000
        n = 500
        step_val = 100 / (m * n)

        #make task
        for i in range(m):
            for j in range(n):
                jaro_winkler(str(i), str(j))

                #show task
                print(i,j)

                #update progressbar
                step += step_val
                self.pbar.setValue(step)
                QApplication.processEvents()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    ex = Example()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

然后在 Whosebug 用户的帮助下,我得到了创建一个单独的工作线程并将更新信号连接到 GUI 的提示。我做到了,它现在看起来像下面的代码。它也可以工作并且速度更快,但我不知道如何将发出的信号连接到 GUI。有人能帮帮我吗?非常感谢!

from jellyfish import jaro_winkler
from PyQt5 import QtCore
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget, QPushButton, QProgressBar, QMainWindow
import time
import numpy as np

class Main_Window(QMainWindow):

    def __init__(self):
        super(Main_Window,self).__init__()
        self.initUI()

    def initUI(self):
        self.pbar = QProgressBar(self)
        self.pbar.setGeometry(30, 40, 200, 25)
        self.btn = QPushButton('Start', self)
        self.btn.move(40, 80)
        self.btn.clicked.connect(MyThread.doAction)
        self.setGeometry(300, 300, 280, 170)
        self.show()

    def updateProgressBar(self, val):
        self.pbar.setValue.connect(val)


class MySignal(QWidget):
    pbar_signal = QtCore.pyqtSignal(int)


class MyThread(QtCore.QThread):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()

    def doAction(self):
        t = time.time()     #for time measurement

        #setup variables
        step = 0
        m = 1000
        n = 500
        pbar_val = 100 / m
        signal_instance = MySignal()

        #make task
        for i in range(m):
            for j in range(n):
                jaro_winkler(str(i), str(j))
            signal_instance.pbar_signal.emit(pbar_val)

        #measuring task time
        print(np.round_(time.time() - t, 3), 'sec elapsed')


if __name__ == '__main__':
    import sys
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    w = Main_Window()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

三件事使代码变慢:

  1. 打印到 stdout 非常昂贵 - 特别是当您打印 500,000 次时!在我的系统上,注释掉 print(i,j) 大约将 doAction 花费的时间减半 运行.
  2. 调用processEvents 500,000 次也相当昂贵。注释掉 QApplication.processEvents() 将 运行 时间再减少三分之二。
  3. 注释掉 self.pbar.setValue(step) 时间又减半。

希望现在应该很明显,在本应花费不到一秒的任务中尝试更新图形用户界面 500,000 次是大材小用!大多数用户的反应时间最多只有 200 毫秒左右,因此您只需要大约每 100 毫秒更新一次 gui。

鉴于此,一个简单的解决方法是将更新移动到外循环中:

    for i in range(m):
        for j in range(n):
            jaro_winkler(str(i), str(j))

            # show task
            # print(i,j)

            step += step_val

        # update progressbar
        self.pbar.setValue(step)
        QApplication.processEvents()

但更好的解决方案是将计算移动到一个单独的工作线程中,并让它定期发出自定义信号来更新进度条:

class Main_Window(QMainWindow):
    ...
    def initUI(self):
        ...
        self.btn.clicked.connect(self.doAction)
        self.thread = MyThread()
        self.thread.pbar_signal.connect(self.pbar.setValue)

    def doAction(self):
        if not self.thread.isRunning():
            self.thread.start()    

class MyThread(QtCore.QThread):
    pbar_signal = QtCore.pyqtSignal(int)

    def run(self):
        #for time measurement
        t = time.time()

        #setup variables
        m = 1000
        n = 500
        progress = step = 100 / m

        #make task
        for i in range(m):
            for j in range(n):
                jaro_winkler(str(i), str(j))
            progress += step
            self.pbar_signal.emit(progress)

        #measuring task time
        print(np.round_(time.time() - t, 3), 'sec elapsed')