如何使用 powershell 向用户授予证书私钥的权限？

Question

证书已安装在计算机上。现在我想授予应用程序用户对证书私钥的读取权限。

Answer 1

答案在这里。

创建了一个 powershell 脚本文件 AddUserToCertificate。ps1

这是脚本文件的内容。

param(
    [string]$userName,
    [string]$permission,
    [string]$certStoreLocation,
    [string]$certThumbprint
);
# check if certificate is already installed
$certificateInstalled = Get-ChildItem cert:$certStoreLocation | Where thumbprint -eq $certThumbprint

# download & install only if certificate is not already installed on machine
if ($certificateInstalled -eq $null)
{
    $message="Certificate with thumbprint:"+$certThumbprint+" does not exist at "+$certStoreLocation
    Write-Host $message -ForegroundColor Red
    exit 1;
}else
{
    try
    {
        $rule = new-object security.accesscontrol.filesystemaccessrule $userName, $permission, allow
        $root = "c:\programdata\microsoft\crypto\rsa\machinekeys"
        $l = ls Cert:$certStoreLocation
        $l = $l |? {$_.thumbprint -like $certThumbprint}
        $l |%{
            $keyname = $_.privatekey.cspkeycontainerinfo.uniquekeycontainername
            $p = [io.path]::combine($root, $keyname)
            if ([io.file]::exists($p))
            {
                $acl = get-acl -path $p
                $acl.addaccessrule($rule)
                echo $p
                set-acl $p $acl
            }
        }
    }
    catch 
    {
        Write-Host "Caught an exception:" -ForegroundColor Red
        Write-Host "$($_.Exception)" -ForegroundColor Red
        exit 1;
    }    
}

exit $LASTEXITCODE

现在运行它作为部署的一部分。在 powershell 控制台 window 中运行ning 以上脚本的示例。

C:\>.\AddUserToCertificate.ps1 -userName testuser1 -permission read -certStoreLocation \LocalMachine\My -certThumbprint 1fb7603985a8a11d3e85abee194697e9784a253

此示例向用户 testuser1 授予 read 对安装在 \LocalMachine\My[ 中的证书的权限=33=] 并且有指纹 1fb7603985a8a11d3e85abee194697e9784a253

如果您使用的是 ApplicationPoolIdentity，那么您的用户名将为 'IIS AppPool\AppPoolNameHere'

注意：您需要使用' '因为IIS和AppPool之间有一个space。

Answer 2

作为上述脚本的替代。您可以使用 PowerShell 模块。我自己没有尝试过，但模块看起来不错。 http://get-carbon.org/index.html

这是设置权限的命令 http://get-carbon.org/Grant-Permission.html

Answer 3

接受的答案对我不起作用，因为 $_.privatekey 返回空值。我设法访问私钥并为我的应用程序池分配 'Read' 权限，如下所示：

param (
[string]$certStorePath  = "Cert:\LocalMachine\My",
[string]$AppPoolName,
[string]$certThumbprint
)

Import-Module WebAdministration
    
$certificate = Get-ChildItem $certStorePath | Where thumbprint -eq $certThumbprint

if ($certificate -eq $null)
{
    $message="Certificate with thumbprint:"+$certThumbprint+" does not exist at "+$certStorePath
    Write-Host $message -ForegroundColor Red
    exit 1;
}else
{
    $rsaCert = [System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.RSACertificateExtensions]::GetRSAPrivateKey($certificate)
    $fileName = $rsaCert.key.UniqueName
    $path = "$env:ALLUSERSPROFILE\Microsoft\Crypto\Keys$fileName"
    $permissions = Get-Acl -Path $path

    $access_rule = New-Object System.Security.AccessControl.FileSystemAccessRule("IIS AppPool$AppPoolName", 'Read', 'None', 'None', 'Allow')
    $permissions.AddAccessRule($access_rule)
    Set-Acl -Path $path -AclObject $permissions
}

Answer 4

您可以使用 WinHttpCertCfg.exe，一个证书配置工具 Link: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/winhttp/winhttpcertcfg-exe--a-certificate-configuration-tool

一些代码示例：

Set privatekeyAcces to Svc-LocalAgent$@mydomain.local
*.\WinHttpCertCfg.exe -g -c LOCAL_MACHINE\MY -s *.d365.mydomain.com  -a "Svc-LocalAgent$@mydomain.com"*

Answer 5

添加 Michael Armitage 脚本，这将适用于 PrivateKey 值存在和空白的情况

function setCertificatePermission {
    param($accountName, $certificate)
    if([string]::IsNullOrEmpty($certificate.PrivateKey))
    {
        $rsaCert = [System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.RSACertificateExtensions]::GetRSAPrivateKey($certificate)
        $fileName = $rsaCert.key.UniqueName
        $path = "$env:ALLUSERSPROFILE\Microsoft\Crypto\Keys$fileName"
        $permissions = Get-Acl -Path $path
        $access_rule = New-Object System.Security.AccessControl.FileSystemAccessRule($accountName, 'FullControl', 'None', 'None', 'Allow')
        $permissions.AddAccessRule($access_rule)
        Set-Acl -Path $path -AclObject $permissions
    } else{
            $user = New-Object System.Security.Principal.NTAccount($accountName)
            $accessRule = New-Object System.Security.AccessControl.CryptoKeyAccessRule($user, 'FullControl', 'Allow')
            $store = New-Object System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Store("My","LocalMachine")
            $store.Open("ReadWrite")
            $rwCert = $store.Certificates | where {$_.Thumbprint -eq $certificate.Thumbprint}
            $csp = New-Object System.Security.Cryptography.CspParameters($rwCert.PrivateKey.CspKeyContainerInfo.ProviderType, $rwCert.PrivateKey.CspKeyContainerInfo.ProviderName, $rwCert.PrivateKey.CspKeyContainerInfo.KeyContainerName)
            $csp.Flags = "UseExistingKey","UseMachineKeyStore"
            $csp.CryptoKeySecurity = $rwCert.PrivateKey.CspKeyContainerInfo.CryptoKeySecurity
            $csp.KeyNumber = $rwCert.PrivateKey.CspKeyContainerInfo.KeyNumber
            $csp.CryptoKeySecurity.AddAccessRule($AccessRule)
            $rsa2 = New-Object System.Security.Cryptography.RSACryptoServiceProvider($csp)
            $store.close()
        }
}

Answer 6

几周前我注意到 某些东西 发生了变化（我怀疑是 Windows 更新）并破坏了某些证书使用 CspKeyContainerInfo.UniqueKeyContainerName 属性在 Michael Armitage 的脚本中引用。一些调查发现 Windows 决定开始使用 CNG 而不是 Crypto Service Provider 来保护密钥。以下脚本解决了我的问题并且应该正确支持 CNG 与 CSP 用例场景：

$serviceUser = "DOMAIN\Service User"
$certificate = Get-ChildItem Cert:\LocalMachine\My | Where-Object Thumbprint -eq "certificatethumbprint"

$privateKey = [System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.RSACertificateExtensions]::GetRSAPrivateKey($certificate)
$containerName = ""
if ($privateKey.GetType().Name -ieq "RSACng")
{
    $containerName = $privateKey.Key.UniqueName
}
else
{
    $containerName = $privateKey.CspKeyContainerInfo.UniqueKeyContainerName
}

$keyFullPath = $env:ProgramData + "\Microsoft\Crypto\RSA\MachineKeys\" + $containerName;
if (-Not (Test-Path -Path $keyFullPath -PathType Leaf))
{
    throw "Unable to get the private key container to set permissions."
}

# Get the current ACL of the private key
$acl = (Get-Item $keyFullPath).GetAccessControl()

# Add the new ACE to the ACL of the private key
$accessRule = New-Object System.Security.AccessControl.FileSystemAccessRule($serviceUser, "Read", "Allow")
$acl.AddAccessRule($accessRule);

# Write back the new ACL
Set-Acl -Path $keyFullPath -AclObject $acl;

您当然希望adapt/enhance满足您的特定需求。

如何使用 powershell 向用户授予证书私钥的权限？

How to Grant permission to user on Certificate private key using powershell?

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