来自串行 GNSS 设备的不可读输入 - 但不是 PuTTY

Question

我正在编写一个 C++ 程序来从通过串行端口连接的设备获取和解析 GNSS 数据。建立连接后，我得到的只是一些乱码，而不是预期的 NMEA 句子。有谁知道我的错误在哪里？当我使用 PuTTY 输出数据时，有一部分是乱码，一部分是好的 NMEA 句子。

我的主要代码：

#include <iostream>
#include "Serial.h"

int main()
{
    Serial serial;
    unsigned char buffer[256];
    std::string port = "COM19";
    const char *portaddress=port.data();
    std::cout<<serial.Open(portaddress,9600);
    //unsigned char *buffer;
    int read;
    int readlast;
    read=serial.Read(buffer, 255);
    unsigned char line[256];//=new int[];
    int counter=0;
    while(1)
    {
        while(read==0)
        {
            read=serial.Read(buffer, 255);
        }
        counter=0;
        line[counter]=read;
        counter++;
        while(read!=0)
        {
             //std::cout<<read;
             readlast=read;
             read=serial.Read(buffer, 255);
             line[counter]=read;
             counter++;
        }
        for(int i=0;i<sizeof(line)/sizeof(*line);i++)
        {
            std::cout<<line[i];
        }
        break;

    }

    return 0;
}

serial.Read():

int Serial::Read(unsigned char* buffer, int length) {
    WaitForSingleObject(m_Mutex, INFINITE);
    DWORD bytesRead = 0;
    ReadFile(m_SerialHandle, buffer, length, NULL, &m_Overlapped);
    GetOverlappedResult(m_SerialHandle, &m_Overlapped, &bytesRead, 1);
    ReleaseMutex(m_Mutex);

    return (int)bytesRead;
}

输出：

0                  <@ `▀F ÉòG $òG Ç@     $ ¶â.X■i >uñv       Iuñvÿ1V    fm~wç }w    $       ( ¶â.ÿ■i >uñv       Iuñv├ÿ1V    fm~wç }w    $   ä■i        þÆAö■i «kªv, Ç@ ÓêA     ¼■i àtªv©?½vý■i óiª   ssÑvjsÑvÀÿ1VÇ@ Ç@     ÓêA

当我离开 break 时，它并没有变得更好。我的 GNSS 板的规格说明输出应为 ASCII 格式，协议为 NMEA 0813 v4.0.

编辑：这是我使用 HTerm.exe 时的输出。有很多垃圾字节，但在它们之间你可以找到 NMEA 语句。设置为 1 个停止位、8 个数据位、无奇偶校验、9600 波特（正如我在 u-blox 的 u-center 软件中使用的那样，它在那里工作得很好）。

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可能设置有误？虽然我试图添加：

serialParams.DCBlength=sizeof(serialParams);
serialParams.fParity=FALSE;
serialParams.fDtrControl=0;
serialParams.fRtsControl=0;
serialParams.fOutX=TRUE;
serialParams.fInX=TRUE;

serialParams.fBinary=FALSE;
serialParams.fOutxCtsFlow=FALSE;
serialParams.fOutxDsrFlow=FALSE;
serialParams.fDsrSensitivity=FALSE;
serialParams.fErrorChar=FALSE;
serialParams.fNull=FALSE;
serialParams.fAbortOnError=FALSE;

到 Serial::Open() 并且它仍然产生相同的输出。也许缓冲区有问题？我仍然没有真正理解缓冲区的概念以及它们应该有多长，所以我很可能在那里犯了一个错误。

编辑 2：

如愿（忘记了）Serial::Open()

int Serial::Open(const char* port, int baudrate) {

    // if connected: close current connection before opening a new one
    if(m_SerialHandle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
        Close();
    }

    TCHAR vibroTacPort[15];
    sprintf(vibroTacPort, "\\.\%s", port);

    // Open serial port
    m_SerialHandle = CreateFile(vibroTacPort, // port // "\\.\COM13"
                                GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE,
                                0,//FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE,
                                NULL,
                                OPEN_EXISTING,
                                FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED | FILE_FLAG_WRITE_THROUGH | FILE_FLAG_NO_BUFFERING | FILE_ATTRIBUTE_TEMPORARY, // | FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL,
                                NULL);

    // FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED is necessary for event-driven communication, Handle hast to be flagged for overlapped IO, otherwise Serial::Request() blocks if no event occurs (e.g. if the VibroTac device does not respond to the request)
    // FILE_ATTRIBUTE_TEMPORARY, FILE_FLAG_WRITE_THROUGH and FILE_FLAG_NO_BUFFERING increase the system performance
    // Note: FILE_FLAG_WRITE_THROUGH is not be supported by all hard disks
    // (http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa363858%28v=vs.85%29.aspx#caching_behavior)


    if(m_SerialHandle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
    {
        DWORD errorCode = GetLastError();
        //  Handle the error.
        switch(errorCode) {
        case ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND:
        case ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED:
            //  121     The semaphore timeout period has expired.
            //  1167    The device is not connected.
            // fall through and do nothing for now
            ;
        }
        return (errorCode);
    }

    // Do some basic settings
    DCB serialParams = { 0 };
    serialParams.DCBlength = sizeof(serialParams);

    if (!GetCommState(m_SerialHandle, &serialParams)) {
        Close();
        return ERROR_OPEN_FAILED;
    };
    serialParams.BaudRate = CBR_9600;//baudrate;
    serialParams.ByteSize = 8;
    serialParams.StopBits = ONESTOPBIT;
    serialParams.Parity = NOPARITY;

    /*serialParams.DCBlength=sizeof(serialParams);
    serialParams.fParity=FALSE;
    serialParams.fDtrControl=0;
    serialParams.fRtsControl=0;

    serialParams.fOutX=TRUE;
    serialParams.fInX=TRUE;

    serialParams.fBinary=FALSE;
    serialParams.fOutxCtsFlow=FALSE;
    serialParams.fOutxDsrFlow=FALSE;
    serialParams.fDsrSensitivity=FALSE;
    serialParams.fErrorChar=FALSE;
    serialParams.fNull=FALSE;
    serialParams.fAbortOnError=FALSE;*/
    if (!SetCommState(m_SerialHandle, &serialParams)) {
        Close();
        return ERROR_OPEN_FAILED;
    }

    // Set timeouts

    COMMTIMEOUTS timeout = { 1 };
    timeout.ReadIntervalTimeout = 100;  //100   // 0 = "not used", the maximum time allowed to elapse before the arrival of the next byte on the communications line, in milliseconds.
    timeout.ReadTotalTimeoutConstant = 0;   // A constant used to calculate the total time-out period for read operations, in milliseconds. For each read operation, this value is added to the product of the ReadTotalTimeoutMultiplier member and the requested number of bytes.
    timeout.ReadTotalTimeoutMultiplier = 80;//20    // The multiplier used to calculate the total time-out period for read operations, in milliseconds. For each read operation, this value is multiplied by the requested number of bytes to be read.
    timeout.WriteTotalTimeoutConstant = 1;
    timeout.WriteTotalTimeoutMultiplier = 1;

    if (!SetCommTimeouts(m_SerialHandle, &timeout)) {
        Close();
        return ERROR_OPEN_FAILED;
    }

    // Set event mask
    // Events:
    // EV_RXCHAR    0x0001  A character was received and placed in the input buffer.
    // EV_ERR       0x0080  A line-status error occurred. Line-status errors are CE_FRAME, CE_OVERRUN, and CE_RXPARITY.
    DWORD dwEvtMask = EV_RXCHAR | EV_ERR;
    if(!SetCommMask(m_SerialHandle, dwEvtMask)) {
        Close();
        return ERROR_OPEN_FAILED;
    };

    // initialize m_Overlapped with 0
    memset(&m_Overlapped, 0, sizeof(m_Overlapped));

    // Create an event object for use by WaitCommEvent.
    m_Overlapped.hEvent = CreateEvent(
        NULL,   // default security attributes
        TRUE,   // manual-reset event
        FALSE,  // not signaled
        NULL    // no name
        );


    m_Overlapped.Internal = 0;
    m_Overlapped.InternalHigh = 0;
    m_Overlapped.Offset = 0;
    m_Overlapped.OffsetHigh = 0;

    return 0;
}

编辑 3：

我想也许最好一次只读取一个字节，直到我到达 $ 字符，然后是 \n 字符以确定哪些部分对我有用。有人可以解释我如何使用 Serial::Open() 中创建的处理程序读取单个字节吗？如果我使用前一种方式并限制 length aka "NumberOfBytesToRead"，我如何测试我是否到达了相关部分？

Answer 1

好吧，经过大量的试验和错误以及数小时的吸烟头，我找到了一个至少对我的情况有效的答案：

我把main.cpp改成了这样：

#include <iostream>
#include "Serial.h"
#include "GPSInfo.h"
#include "NMEAParser.h"

int main()
{
    Serial serial;
    unsigned char buffer[256];
    std::string port = "COM19";
    const char *portaddress=port.data();
    serial.Open(portaddress,9600);

    std::string read;
    read=serial.Read(buffer);
    while(1)
    {
         read=serial.Read(buffer);
         std::cout<<read;
    }

    return 0;
}

和Serial::Read()像这样：

std::string Serial::Read(unsigned char* buffer) {
    WaitForSingleObject(m_Mutex, INFINITE);
    DWORD bytesRead = 0;
    DWORD nNumberOfBytesToRead=1; // new
    char a=0;
    char *ptr=&a;
    char last=0;
    std::string output="";
    ReadFile(m_SerialHandle, ptr, nNumberOfBytesToRead, NULL, &m_Overlapped);
    GetOverlappedResult(m_SerialHandle, &m_Overlapped, &bytesRead, 1);
    if(a=='$')
    {
        last=a;
        ReadFile(m_SerialHandle, ptr, nNumberOfBytesToRead, NULL, &m_Overlapped);
        if(a=='G'||a=='P'||a=='S')
        {

            output+=last;
            output+=a;
            while (a!='\n')
            {

                ReadFile(m_SerialHandle, ptr, nNumberOfBytesToRead, NULL, &m_Overlapped);
                output+=a;

            }
        }
    }
    ReleaseMutex(m_Mutex);
    return output;
}

现在我有以下输出：

$GNDTM,W84,,0.0,N,0.0,E,0.0,W84*71
$GNRMC,095639.00,A,4804.88405,N,01116.55021,E,0.415,,181016,,,A*6C
$GNVTG,,T,,M,0.415,N,0.769,K,A*35
$GPGSV,4,1,14,01,12,263,,07,00,284,,08,57,301,18,10,66,091,24*7B
$GPGSV,4,2,14,11,23,280,16,14,00,152,,15,04,026,,16,26,194,*7E
$GPGSV,4,3,14,18,37,056,13,21,11,079,,26,03,179,18,27,78,145,18*78
$GPGSV,4,4,14,30,03,310,,32,16,131,*7B
$GLGSV,3,1,09,70,43,047,15,71,57,137,33,72,17,181,17,76,09,244,*6F
$GLGSV,3,2,09,77,22,293,,78,12,347,,85,29,101,25,86,71,030,*63
$GLGSV,3,3,09,87,29,306,13*5F
$GNGLL,4804.88405,N,01116.55021,E,095639.00,A,A*7A
$GNGRS,095639.00,1,-2.7,7.0,,,,,,,,,,*7F
$GNTXT,01,01,00,txbuf alloc*61
$GNTXT,01,01,02,u-blox AG - www.u-blox.com*4E
$GNTXT,01,01,02,HW UBX-M8030 00080000*60
$GNTXT,01,01,02,EXT CORE 3.01 (b8bc67)*66
$GNTXT,01,01,02,ROM BASE 2.01 (75331)*19
$GNTXT,01,01,02,FWVER=HPG 1.11*5E
$GNTXT,01,01,02,PROTVER=20.01*1B

这正是我想要的。（有时还是有垃圾，但我觉得这不会影响我的解析。）

感谢您的所有评论和回答，帮助很大。

来自串行 GNSS 设备的不可读输入 - 但不是 PuTTY

Unreadable input from serial GNSS device - but not with PuTTY

c++

nmea

serial-port