Python - 为 class 创建多个对象
Python - creating multiple objects for a class
在 python 中,我需要创建一个 class 'Student' 的 43 个实例,其中包括变量 first_name、middle_name、last_name , student_id 通过读取文件 (Students.txt) 并解析它。文本文件如下所示:
Last Name Midle Name First Name Student ID
----------------------------------------------
Howard Moe howar1m
Howard Curly howar1c
Fine Lary fine1l
Howard Shemp howar1s
Besser Joe besse1j
DeRita Joe Curly derit1cj
Tiure Desilijic Jaba tiure1jd
Tharen Bria thare1b
Tai Besadii Durga tai1db
Hego Damask hego1d
Lannister Tyrion lanni1t
Stark Arya stark1a
Clegane Sandor clega1s
Targaryen Daenerys targa1d
Bombadil Tom bomba1t
Brandybuck Meriadoc brand1m
Took Pregrin took1p
McCoy Leonard mccoy1l
Scott Montgomery scott1m
Crusher Wesley crush1w
Montoya Inigo monto1i
Rugen Tyrone rugen1t
Solo Han solo1h
Corey Carl corey1c
Flaumel Evelyn flaum1e
Taltos Vlad talto1v
e'Drien Morrolan edrie1m
Watson John watso1j
McCoy Ebenezar mccoy1e
Carpenter Molly carpe1m
Graystone Zoe grays1z
Adama William adama1w
Adama Joseph Leland adama1l
Roslin Laura rosli1l
Baltar Gaius balta1g
Tigh Ellen tigh1e
Tigh Saul tigh1s
Cottle Sherman cottl1s
Zarek Thomas zarek1t
Murphy James Alexander murph1a
Sobchak Walter sobch1w
Dane Alexander dane1a
Gruber Hans grube1h
Biggs John Gil biggs1gj
class 学生是:
class Student (object):
def __init__(self, first_name, middle_name, last_name, student_id):
self.__first_name = first_name
self.__middle_name = middle_name
self.__last_name = last_name
self.__student_id = student_id
读入 'Students.txt' 并创建学生的每个实例的最简单方法是什么?
list_of_students = []
with open('students.txt') as f:
for line in f:
data = line.split()
if len(data) == 3:
firstname, lastname, id = data
list_of_students.append(Student(firstname, '', lastname, id))
elif len(data) == 4:
list_of_students.append(Student(*data))
else:
raise ValueError
我不确定你的输入文件是如何布局的,所以这里有一些处理来处理没有中间名的情况。
分步教程
要读取文件内容,请使用io.open
。如果任何名称有重音字符,请不要忘记指定文件编码。
with io.open('students.txt', mode="r", encoding="utf8") as fd:
content = fd.read()
这里,你读取了全部内容,存入内存(数据量小)。您也可以使用迭代器。
然后,您可以将内容逐行拆分 str.splitlines()
:
lines = content.splitlines()
# print(lines)
你会得到类似的东西:
['Last Name Midle Name First Name Student ID ',
'----------------------------------------------',
'Howard Moe howar1m ',
'Howard Curly howar1c ',
'Fine Lary fine1l ',
'Howard Shemp howar1s ',
'Besser Joe besse1j ',
'DeRita Joe Curly derit1cj ',
'Tiure Desilijic Jaba tiure1jd ',
'Tharen Bria thare1b ']
您有(将近)fixed-length 行,因此您可以使用切片来提取字段。
以下是您可以为header做的事情:
header = lines.pop(0)
fields = header[0:8], header[11:21], header[23:33], header[36:46]
# print(fields)
你得到:
('Last Nam', 'Midle Name', 'First Name', 'Student ID')
您可以删除连字符行:
lines.pop(0)
对于每一行,您也可以使用切片提取值。注意:切片索引略有不同:
for line in lines:
record = line[0:8], line[12:21], line[23:34], line[36:46]
# print(record)
您将获得尾随 space:
的值
('Howard ', ' ', ' Moe ', 'howar1m ')
('Howard ', ' ', ' Curly ', 'howar1c ')
('Fine ', ' ', ' Lary ', 'fine1l ')
('Howard ', ' ', ' Shemp ', 'howar1s ')
('Besser ', ' ', ' Joe ', 'besse1j ')
('DeRita ', 'Joe ', ' Curly ', 'derit1cj ')
('Tiure ', 'Desilijic', ' Jaba ', 'tiure1jd ')
('Tharen ', ' ', ' Bria ', 'thare1b ')
要避免尾随 spaces,请使用 str.strip()
函数:
for line in lines:
record = line[0:8], line[12:21], line[23:34], line[36:46]
record = [v.strip() for v in record]
# print(record)
你得到:
['Howard', '', 'Moe', 'howar1m']
['Howard', '', 'Curly', 'howar1c']
['Fine', '', 'Lary', 'fine1l']
['Howard', '', 'Shemp', 'howar1s']
['Besser', '', 'Joe', 'besse1j']
['DeRita', 'Joe', 'Curly', 'derit1cj']
['Tiure', 'Desilijic', 'Jaba', 'tiure1jd']
['Tharen', '', 'Bria', 'thare1b']
此时,我建议您将记录存储为列表中的 dict
:
records = []
for line in lines:
record = line[0:8], line[12:21], line[23:34], line[36:46]
record = [v.strip() for v in record]
records.append(dict(zip(header, record)))
你得到:
[{'First Name': 'Moe', 'Last Nam': 'Howard', 'Midle Name': '', 'Student ID': 'howar1m'},
{'First Name': 'Curly', 'Last Nam': 'Howard', 'Midle Name': '', 'Student ID': 'howar1c'},
{'First Name': 'Lary', 'Last Nam': 'Fine', 'Midle Name': '', 'Student ID': 'fine1l'},
{'First Name': 'Shemp', 'Last Nam': 'Howard', 'Midle Name': '', 'Student ID': 'howar1s'},
{'First Name': 'Joe', 'Last Nam': 'Besser', 'Midle Name': '', 'Student ID': 'besse1j'},
{'First Name': 'Curly', 'Last Nam': 'DeRita', 'Midle Name': 'Joe', 'Student ID': 'derit1cj'},
{'First Name': 'Jaba', 'Last Nam': 'Tiure', 'Midle Name': 'Desilijic', 'Student ID': 'tiure1jd'},
{'First Name': 'Bria', 'Last Nam': 'Tharen', 'Midle Name': '', 'Student ID': 'thare1b'}]
但你也可以使用 class:
class Student(object):
def __init__(self, first_name, middle_name, last_name, student_id):
self.first_name = first_name
self.middle_name = middle_name
self.last_name = last_name
self.student_id = student_id
def __repr__(self):
fmt = "<Student('{first_name}', '{middle_name}', '{last_name}', '{student_id}')>"
return fmt.format(first_name=self.first_name, middle_name=self.middle_name, last_name=self.last_name, student_id=self.student_id)
并构建学生列表:
students = []
for line in lines:
record = line[0:8], line[12:21], line[23:34], line[36:46]
record = [v.strip() for v in record]
students.append(Student(*record))
你得到:
[<Student('Howard', '', 'Moe', 'howar1m')>,
<Student('Howard', '', 'Curly', 'howar1c')>,
<Student('Fine', '', 'Lary', 'fine1l')>,
<Student('Howard', '', 'Shemp', 'howar1s')>,
<Student('Besser', '', 'Joe', 'besse1j')>,
<Student('DeRita', 'Joe', 'Curly', 'derit1cj')>,
<Student('Tiure', 'Desilijic', 'Jaba', 'tiure1jd')>,
<Student('Tharen', '', 'Bria', 'thare1b')>]
在 python 中,我需要创建一个 class 'Student' 的 43 个实例,其中包括变量 first_name、middle_name、last_name , student_id 通过读取文件 (Students.txt) 并解析它。文本文件如下所示:
Last Name Midle Name First Name Student ID
----------------------------------------------
Howard Moe howar1m
Howard Curly howar1c
Fine Lary fine1l
Howard Shemp howar1s
Besser Joe besse1j
DeRita Joe Curly derit1cj
Tiure Desilijic Jaba tiure1jd
Tharen Bria thare1b
Tai Besadii Durga tai1db
Hego Damask hego1d
Lannister Tyrion lanni1t
Stark Arya stark1a
Clegane Sandor clega1s
Targaryen Daenerys targa1d
Bombadil Tom bomba1t
Brandybuck Meriadoc brand1m
Took Pregrin took1p
McCoy Leonard mccoy1l
Scott Montgomery scott1m
Crusher Wesley crush1w
Montoya Inigo monto1i
Rugen Tyrone rugen1t
Solo Han solo1h
Corey Carl corey1c
Flaumel Evelyn flaum1e
Taltos Vlad talto1v
e'Drien Morrolan edrie1m
Watson John watso1j
McCoy Ebenezar mccoy1e
Carpenter Molly carpe1m
Graystone Zoe grays1z
Adama William adama1w
Adama Joseph Leland adama1l
Roslin Laura rosli1l
Baltar Gaius balta1g
Tigh Ellen tigh1e
Tigh Saul tigh1s
Cottle Sherman cottl1s
Zarek Thomas zarek1t
Murphy James Alexander murph1a
Sobchak Walter sobch1w
Dane Alexander dane1a
Gruber Hans grube1h
Biggs John Gil biggs1gj
class 学生是:
class Student (object):
def __init__(self, first_name, middle_name, last_name, student_id):
self.__first_name = first_name
self.__middle_name = middle_name
self.__last_name = last_name
self.__student_id = student_id
读入 'Students.txt' 并创建学生的每个实例的最简单方法是什么?
list_of_students = []
with open('students.txt') as f:
for line in f:
data = line.split()
if len(data) == 3:
firstname, lastname, id = data
list_of_students.append(Student(firstname, '', lastname, id))
elif len(data) == 4:
list_of_students.append(Student(*data))
else:
raise ValueError
我不确定你的输入文件是如何布局的,所以这里有一些处理来处理没有中间名的情况。
分步教程
要读取文件内容,请使用io.open
。如果任何名称有重音字符,请不要忘记指定文件编码。
with io.open('students.txt', mode="r", encoding="utf8") as fd:
content = fd.read()
这里,你读取了全部内容,存入内存(数据量小)。您也可以使用迭代器。
然后,您可以将内容逐行拆分 str.splitlines()
:
lines = content.splitlines()
# print(lines)
你会得到类似的东西:
['Last Name Midle Name First Name Student ID ',
'----------------------------------------------',
'Howard Moe howar1m ',
'Howard Curly howar1c ',
'Fine Lary fine1l ',
'Howard Shemp howar1s ',
'Besser Joe besse1j ',
'DeRita Joe Curly derit1cj ',
'Tiure Desilijic Jaba tiure1jd ',
'Tharen Bria thare1b ']
您有(将近)fixed-length 行,因此您可以使用切片来提取字段。
以下是您可以为header做的事情:
header = lines.pop(0)
fields = header[0:8], header[11:21], header[23:33], header[36:46]
# print(fields)
你得到:
('Last Nam', 'Midle Name', 'First Name', 'Student ID')
您可以删除连字符行:
lines.pop(0)
对于每一行,您也可以使用切片提取值。注意:切片索引略有不同:
for line in lines:
record = line[0:8], line[12:21], line[23:34], line[36:46]
# print(record)
您将获得尾随 space:
的值('Howard ', ' ', ' Moe ', 'howar1m ')
('Howard ', ' ', ' Curly ', 'howar1c ')
('Fine ', ' ', ' Lary ', 'fine1l ')
('Howard ', ' ', ' Shemp ', 'howar1s ')
('Besser ', ' ', ' Joe ', 'besse1j ')
('DeRita ', 'Joe ', ' Curly ', 'derit1cj ')
('Tiure ', 'Desilijic', ' Jaba ', 'tiure1jd ')
('Tharen ', ' ', ' Bria ', 'thare1b ')
要避免尾随 spaces,请使用 str.strip()
函数:
for line in lines:
record = line[0:8], line[12:21], line[23:34], line[36:46]
record = [v.strip() for v in record]
# print(record)
你得到:
['Howard', '', 'Moe', 'howar1m']
['Howard', '', 'Curly', 'howar1c']
['Fine', '', 'Lary', 'fine1l']
['Howard', '', 'Shemp', 'howar1s']
['Besser', '', 'Joe', 'besse1j']
['DeRita', 'Joe', 'Curly', 'derit1cj']
['Tiure', 'Desilijic', 'Jaba', 'tiure1jd']
['Tharen', '', 'Bria', 'thare1b']
此时,我建议您将记录存储为列表中的 dict
:
records = []
for line in lines:
record = line[0:8], line[12:21], line[23:34], line[36:46]
record = [v.strip() for v in record]
records.append(dict(zip(header, record)))
你得到:
[{'First Name': 'Moe', 'Last Nam': 'Howard', 'Midle Name': '', 'Student ID': 'howar1m'},
{'First Name': 'Curly', 'Last Nam': 'Howard', 'Midle Name': '', 'Student ID': 'howar1c'},
{'First Name': 'Lary', 'Last Nam': 'Fine', 'Midle Name': '', 'Student ID': 'fine1l'},
{'First Name': 'Shemp', 'Last Nam': 'Howard', 'Midle Name': '', 'Student ID': 'howar1s'},
{'First Name': 'Joe', 'Last Nam': 'Besser', 'Midle Name': '', 'Student ID': 'besse1j'},
{'First Name': 'Curly', 'Last Nam': 'DeRita', 'Midle Name': 'Joe', 'Student ID': 'derit1cj'},
{'First Name': 'Jaba', 'Last Nam': 'Tiure', 'Midle Name': 'Desilijic', 'Student ID': 'tiure1jd'},
{'First Name': 'Bria', 'Last Nam': 'Tharen', 'Midle Name': '', 'Student ID': 'thare1b'}]
但你也可以使用 class:
class Student(object):
def __init__(self, first_name, middle_name, last_name, student_id):
self.first_name = first_name
self.middle_name = middle_name
self.last_name = last_name
self.student_id = student_id
def __repr__(self):
fmt = "<Student('{first_name}', '{middle_name}', '{last_name}', '{student_id}')>"
return fmt.format(first_name=self.first_name, middle_name=self.middle_name, last_name=self.last_name, student_id=self.student_id)
并构建学生列表:
students = []
for line in lines:
record = line[0:8], line[12:21], line[23:34], line[36:46]
record = [v.strip() for v in record]
students.append(Student(*record))
你得到:
[<Student('Howard', '', 'Moe', 'howar1m')>,
<Student('Howard', '', 'Curly', 'howar1c')>,
<Student('Fine', '', 'Lary', 'fine1l')>,
<Student('Howard', '', 'Shemp', 'howar1s')>,
<Student('Besser', '', 'Joe', 'besse1j')>,
<Student('DeRita', 'Joe', 'Curly', 'derit1cj')>,
<Student('Tiure', 'Desilijic', 'Jaba', 'tiure1jd')>,
<Student('Tharen', '', 'Bria', 'thare1b')>]