Stroustrup：对于 C++，如何安装 FLTK 库？
Stroustrup: For C++, how do I install FLTK library?
问题：谁能告诉我如何安装 FLTK for Microsoft Visual Studio 2015，以便我可以使用 FLTK for C++？
额外信息：
Bjarne Stroustrup 的编程：使用 C++ 的原理和实践中的第 12 章练习要我安装 FLTK。
我有微软 Visual Studio 2015。
我在 www.stroustrup.com/Programming/FLTK.
下载了文件
然后我在C://Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0/VC中打开了fltk.dsw。
但是构建失败了。
我在这个网站上搜索过任何类似的问题；但最后一个类似的问题是 4 年前有人寻求 VS2010 的帮助。
再次抱歉，伙计们。但是这个问题似乎超出了我的理解范围，因为这是我第一次在 C++ 上安装库
要安装FLTK与VS 2015配合使用，可以参考这篇文章：http://www.c-jump.com/bcc/common/Talk2/Cxx/FltkInstallVC/FltkInstallVC.html
现在FLTK的最新版本是1.3.3，你可以从这里http://www.fltk.org/software.php和select找到'fltk-1.3.3-source.tar.gz'来下载。我已经下载了这个，按照上面的指导文档中的步骤，终于成功了，测试结果符合预期，如下所示：
自从给出上述答案后，发生了一些变化，使得在 Microsoft Windows 系统上安装 FLTK 库变得更加容易。我在下面概述了我是如何安装 FLTK 库并将一个简单的 FLTK 程序安装到 运行.
对于那些通过 Bjarne Stroustrup 的编程、原则和实践使用 C++ 进行工作的人，这里是我如何在 Windows 10.0.18363 Build 18363 [=79] 上安装和运行 FLTK 库=]. Windows 10 1809 Pro 使用 FLTK 库 1.3.5 的 VCPKG 和 MSYS2 版本。
安装
使用 Microsoft VCPKG
以下步骤假定 Visual Studio 已经安装。
1. Clone the VCPKG
1.1 Open PowerShell as an Administrator.
1.2 Enter a directory to clone the VCPKG--e.g. C:\ProgramFiles.
1.3 Copy and paste the following into PowerShell and press enter to start downloading VCPKG or go to https://github.com/Microsoft/vcpkg: git clone https://github.com/microsoft/vcpkg.git
1.3.1 After VCPKG finishes downloading, there should be a vcpkg-master directory. Enter the following at the command line:
1.3.1.1 cd vcpkg-master
1.3.1.2 .\bootstrap-vcpkg.bat
1.3.1.3 .\vcpkg integrate install
1.3.2 The command in step 1.3.1.2 will compile the VCPKG library using the most recent Visual Studio it can find on your system.
1.3.3 The command in step 1.3.1.3 will configure Visual Studio to locate all vcpkg header files and binaries on a per-user basis. There's no need for manual editing of VC++ Directories paths. SEE https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/build/vcpkg?view=vs-2019#installation for more info.
1.4 This concludes the installation of VCPKG. For more information, see the following:
1.4.1 https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/build/vcpkg?view=vs-2019#installation
1.4.2 https://devblogs.microsoft.com/cppblog/vcpkg-a-tool-to-acquire-and-build-c-open-source-libraries-on-windows/
2. Install FLTK Using VCPKG
2.1 In PowerShell, execute the following commands:
2.1.1 .\vcpkg install fltk:x86-windows
2.1.2 .\vcpkg install fltk:x64-windows
2.2 The above two commands will install FLTK into vcpkg-master\packages.
3. Modify the x.H file
3.1 When trying to run the FLTK test program under Visual Studio 2019, I was getting the error message: "… cannot open include file ‘x11/xlib.h’ no such file or directory …" that is documented in Resource #3 below. So, I ended up modifying the x.H file as instructed in this resource. Here's what to do. . .
3.2 If you get this error, double-click on the error message to open up the file within Visual Studio. If it does not open, I found my file in: ..\vcpkg-master\installed\x64-windows\include\FL\x.H
3.3 Go to line 28, "...between # include “Enumerations.H” on line 27 and # ifdef WIN32..." add include "# define WIN32" as shown by the red arrow in the screen shot below:
使用 MSYS2
以下步骤假设 MSYS2 已经安装。
1. Install FLTK
1.1 Open the MSYS2 MSYS terminal.
1.2 For 64-bit systems, enter: pacman -S mingw-w64-x86_64-fltk
For 32-bit systems, enter: pacman -S mingw-w64-i686-fltk
1.3 In the ../msys64/mingw64/bin directory, there should be a fltk-config file. If the installation was successful, you should see the fltk version number after executing the following command: fltk-config --version.
FLTK 测试程序
使用 Microsoft Visual Studio Community 2019 版本 16.4.5
1. Create a new project
1.1 Select File --> New --> Project or press CTRL+SHIFT+N
1.2 Click on Windows Desktop Application
1.3 Enter a project name and create your project
2. Create a header file
2.1 Right-click on the Header Files folder and select Add --> New Item
2.2 Name the header file
2.3 In the new header file, under #include "resource.h" enter the following:
#include <Fl/Fl.H>
#include <FL/Fl_Box.H>
#include <FL/Fl_Window.H>
2.4 Save the file.
3. Open the source file
3.1 Under #include "framework.h", enter a #include statement for the header file created in step 2 above.
3.2 Locate the comment: // TODO: Place code here.
3.3 Copy and paste the following code below the comment in Step 3.2:
Fl_Window window(200, 200, "Window Title");
Fl_Box box(0, 0, 200, 200, "Hey, I mean, Hello, World!");
window.show();
return Fl::run();
3.4 Press CTRL+F5 to run the program. A window should display with the words: "Hey, I mean, Hello, World!".
使用 MSYS2
1. Using a text editor or IDE of your choice, create a header file and copy and paste the following:
#include <Fl/Fl.H>
#include <FL/Fl_Box.H>
#include <FL/Fl_Window.H>
2. Create a source file--e.g. fltk_test.cpp. Copy and paste the following code into the source file:
#include "name of your header file in Step 1"
using namespace std;
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
Fl_Window *window = new Fl_Window(340, 180);
Fl_Box *box = new Fl_Box(20, 40, 300, 100, "Hello World");
box->box(FL_UP_BOX);
box->labelfont(FL_BOLD+FL_ITALIC);
box->labelsize(36);
box->labeltype(FL_SHADOW_LABEL);
window->end();
window->show(argc, argv);
return Fl::run();
}
3. Compile and build the source
3.1 Open a MSYS MinGW 64 terminal
3.2 Enter the following at the command line: g++ -v -g <your source file name> -lfltk -o <your exe file name>. For example, g++ -v -g fltk_test.cpp -lfltk -o fltk_test.exe
3.4 The linker flag -lfltk MUST come after the source file [THIS IS VERY IMPORTANT!]. If it does not, undefined reference errors will be generated.
4. Run the program: .\fltk_test.exe. A window should display with the words: "Hello, World!".
额外 - 生成文件
下面是使用文件名的 Makefile 示例：fltk_mingw_test
#
# DATE: 2020 FEB 27
# FILENAME: Makefile
# DESCRIPTION: This is a Makefile for the MSYS2 version of FLTK
# 1.3.5. It will compile and build the Hello World program
# found at https://www.fltk.org/doc-1.3/basics.html#basics_standard_compiler
#
CXX = $(shell fltk-config --cxx)
DEBUG = -g
CXXFLAGS = $(shell fltk-config --use-gl --use-images --cxxflags ) -I.
LDFLAGS = $(shell fltk-config --use-gl --use-images --ldflags )
LDSTATIC = $(shell fltk-config --use-gl --use-images --ldstaticflags )
LINK = $(CXX)
TARGET = C:\<your path>\fltk_mingw_test.exe #File extension must be exe
OBJS = fltk_mingw_test.o
SRCS = fltk_mingw_test.cpp
.SUFFIXES: .o .cpp
%.o: %.cpp
$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(DEBUG) -c $<
all: $(TARGET)
$(LINK) -o $(TARGET) $(OBJS) $(LDSTATIC)
$(TARGET): $(OBJS)
fltk_mingw_test.o: fltk_mingw_test.cpp fltk_mingw_test.h
clean: $(TARGET) $(OBJS)
rm -f *.o 2> /dev/null
rm -f $(TARGET) 2> /dev/null
请注意：您需要在每个食谱行的开头放置一个制表符！这是一个模糊不清的地方。如果您更喜欢使用制表符以外的字符作为您的食谱的前缀，您可以将 .RECIPEPREFIX 变量设置为替代字符（请参阅特殊变量）。
有关更多信息，请参阅：GNU Make Manual
资源
问题：谁能告诉我如何安装 FLTK for Microsoft Visual Studio 2015，以便我可以使用 FLTK for C++？
额外信息：
Bjarne Stroustrup 的编程：使用 C++ 的原理和实践中的第 12 章练习要我安装 FLTK。
我有微软 Visual Studio 2015。
我在 www.stroustrup.com/Programming/FLTK.
下载了文件然后我在C://Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0/VC中打开了fltk.dsw。
但是构建失败了。
我在这个网站上搜索过任何类似的问题；但最后一个类似的问题是 4 年前有人寻求 VS2010 的帮助。
再次抱歉，伙计们。但是这个问题似乎超出了我的理解范围，因为这是我第一次在 C++ 上安装库
要安装FLTK与VS 2015配合使用，可以参考这篇文章：http://www.c-jump.com/bcc/common/Talk2/Cxx/FltkInstallVC/FltkInstallVC.html
现在FLTK的最新版本是1.3.3，你可以从这里http://www.fltk.org/software.php和select找到'fltk-1.3.3-source.tar.gz'来下载。我已经下载了这个，按照上面的指导文档中的步骤，终于成功了，测试结果符合预期，如下所示：
自从给出上述答案后，发生了一些变化，使得在 Microsoft Windows 系统上安装 FLTK 库变得更加容易。我在下面概述了我是如何安装 FLTK 库并将一个简单的 FLTK 程序安装到 运行.
对于那些通过 Bjarne Stroustrup 的编程、原则和实践使用 C++ 进行工作的人，这里是我如何在 Windows 10.0.18363 Build 18363 [=79] 上安装和运行 FLTK 库=]. Windows 10 1809 Pro 使用 FLTK 库 1.3.5 的 VCPKG 和 MSYS2 版本。
安装
使用 Microsoft VCPKG
以下步骤假定 Visual Studio 已经安装。
1. Clone the VCPKG
1.1 Open PowerShell as an Administrator.
1.2 Enter a directory to clone the VCPKG--e.g. C:\ProgramFiles.
1.3 Copy and paste the following into PowerShell and press enter to start downloading VCPKG or go to https://github.com/Microsoft/vcpkg: git clone https://github.com/microsoft/vcpkg.git
1.3.1 After VCPKG finishes downloading, there should be a vcpkg-master directory. Enter the following at the command line:
1.3.1.1 cd vcpkg-master
1.3.1.2 .\bootstrap-vcpkg.bat
1.3.1.3 .\vcpkg integrate install
1.3.2 The command in step 1.3.1.2 will compile the VCPKG library using the most recent Visual Studio it can find on your system.
1.3.3 The command in step 1.3.1.3 will configure Visual Studio to locate all vcpkg header files and binaries on a per-user basis. There's no need for manual editing of VC++ Directories paths. SEE https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/build/vcpkg?view=vs-2019#installation for more info.
1.4 This concludes the installation of VCPKG. For more information, see the following:
1.4.1 https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/build/vcpkg?view=vs-2019#installation
1.4.2 https://devblogs.microsoft.com/cppblog/vcpkg-a-tool-to-acquire-and-build-c-open-source-libraries-on-windows/
2. Install FLTK Using VCPKG
2.1 In PowerShell, execute the following commands:
2.1.1 .\vcpkg install fltk:x86-windows
2.1.2 .\vcpkg install fltk:x64-windows
2.2 The above two commands will install FLTK into vcpkg-master\packages.
3. Modify the x.H file
3.1 When trying to run the FLTK test program under Visual Studio 2019, I was getting the error message: "… cannot open include file ‘x11/xlib.h’ no such file or directory …" that is documented in Resource #3 below. So, I ended up modifying the x.H file as instructed in this resource. Here's what to do. . .
3.2 If you get this error, double-click on the error message to open up the file within Visual Studio. If it does not open, I found my file in: ..\vcpkg-master\installed\x64-windows\include\FL\x.H
3.3 Go to line 28, "...between # include “Enumerations.H” on line 27 and # ifdef WIN32..." add include "# define WIN32" as shown by the red arrow in the screen shot below:
使用 MSYS2
以下步骤假设 MSYS2 已经安装。
1. Install FLTK
1.1 Open the MSYS2 MSYS terminal.
1.2 For 64-bit systems, enter: pacman -S mingw-w64-x86_64-fltk
For 32-bit systems, enter: pacman -S mingw-w64-i686-fltk
1.3 In the ../msys64/mingw64/bin directory, there should be a fltk-config file. If the installation was successful, you should see the fltk version number after executing the following command: fltk-config --version.
FLTK 测试程序
使用 Microsoft Visual Studio Community 2019 版本 16.4.5
1. Create a new project
1.1 Select File --> New --> Project or press CTRL+SHIFT+N
1.2 Click on Windows Desktop Application
1.3 Enter a project name and create your project
2. Create a header file
2.1 Right-click on the Header Files folder and select Add --> New Item
2.2 Name the header file
2.3 In the new header file, under #include "resource.h" enter the following:
#include <Fl/Fl.H>
#include <FL/Fl_Box.H>
#include <FL/Fl_Window.H>
2.4 Save the file.
3. Open the source file
3.1 Under #include "framework.h", enter a #include statement for the header file created in step 2 above.
3.2 Locate the comment: // TODO: Place code here.
3.3 Copy and paste the following code below the comment in Step 3.2:
Fl_Window window(200, 200, "Window Title");
Fl_Box box(0, 0, 200, 200, "Hey, I mean, Hello, World!");
window.show();
return Fl::run();
3.4 Press CTRL+F5 to run the program. A window should display with the words: "Hey, I mean, Hello, World!".
使用 MSYS2
1. Using a text editor or IDE of your choice, create a header file and copy and paste the following:
#include <Fl/Fl.H>
#include <FL/Fl_Box.H>
#include <FL/Fl_Window.H>
2. Create a source file--e.g. fltk_test.cpp. Copy and paste the following code into the source file:
#include "name of your header file in Step 1"
using namespace std;
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
Fl_Window *window = new Fl_Window(340, 180);
Fl_Box *box = new Fl_Box(20, 40, 300, 100, "Hello World");
box->box(FL_UP_BOX);
box->labelfont(FL_BOLD+FL_ITALIC);
box->labelsize(36);
box->labeltype(FL_SHADOW_LABEL);
window->end();
window->show(argc, argv);
return Fl::run();
}
3. Compile and build the source
3.1 Open a MSYS MinGW 64 terminal
3.2 Enter the following at the command line: g++ -v -g <your source file name> -lfltk -o <your exe file name>. For example, g++ -v -g fltk_test.cpp -lfltk -o fltk_test.exe
3.4 The linker flag -lfltk MUST come after the source file [THIS IS VERY IMPORTANT!]. If it does not, undefined reference errors will be generated.
4. Run the program: .\fltk_test.exe. A window should display with the words: "Hello, World!".
额外 - 生成文件
下面是使用文件名的 Makefile 示例：fltk_mingw_test
#
# DATE: 2020 FEB 27
# FILENAME: Makefile
# DESCRIPTION: This is a Makefile for the MSYS2 version of FLTK
# 1.3.5. It will compile and build the Hello World program
# found at https://www.fltk.org/doc-1.3/basics.html#basics_standard_compiler
#
CXX = $(shell fltk-config --cxx)
DEBUG = -g
CXXFLAGS = $(shell fltk-config --use-gl --use-images --cxxflags ) -I.
LDFLAGS = $(shell fltk-config --use-gl --use-images --ldflags )
LDSTATIC = $(shell fltk-config --use-gl --use-images --ldstaticflags )
LINK = $(CXX)
TARGET = C:\<your path>\fltk_mingw_test.exe #File extension must be exe
OBJS = fltk_mingw_test.o
SRCS = fltk_mingw_test.cpp
.SUFFIXES: .o .cpp
%.o: %.cpp
$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(DEBUG) -c $<
all: $(TARGET)
$(LINK) -o $(TARGET) $(OBJS) $(LDSTATIC)
$(TARGET): $(OBJS)
fltk_mingw_test.o: fltk_mingw_test.cpp fltk_mingw_test.h
clean: $(TARGET) $(OBJS)
rm -f *.o 2> /dev/null
rm -f $(TARGET) 2> /dev/null
请注意：您需要在每个食谱行的开头放置一个制表符！这是一个模糊不清的地方。如果您更喜欢使用制表符以外的字符作为您的食谱的前缀，您可以将 .RECIPEPREFIX 变量设置为替代字符（请参阅特殊变量）。
有关更多信息，请参阅：GNU Make Manual
资源