使用 TypeScript 键入受约束的字典

Typing a constrained dictionary with TypeScript

我有一个 TypeScript 2.0 项目,我想在其中使用 Immutable.js 定义一个不可变的 Map。特别是我想将 Map 的键限制为一个已知的集合;类似于以下内容:

type ConstrainedKeys = 'foo' | 'bar' | 'baz';
interface INameValuePair {
    name: string;
    value: string;
};
const dictionary = Immutable.Map<ConstrainedKeys, NameValuePair>(response);

其中 response 可能是这样的:

{
    foo: {
        name: 'foo',
        value: 'typing is fun'
    }
}

但是当我尝试引用 dictionary.foo.value 时,我收到 Typescript 错误:

[ts] Property 'foo' does not exist on type 'Map<ConstrainedKeys,INameValuePair>'.

Immutable.Map 个实例没有条目的属性,您需要像这样访问它们:

let foo = dictionary.get("foo");

如果您希望能够像 dictionary.foo 那样访问它,那么您需要自己更改实例,或者您可以使用 Proxy:

const map = Immutable.Map<ConstrainedKeys, INameValuePair>({
    foo: {
        name: 'foo',
        value: 'typing is fun'
    }
});

const dictionary = new Proxy(map, {
    get: (target: Immutable.Map<ConstrainedKeys, INameValuePair>, name: ConstrainedKeys) => {
        if ((target as any)[name]) {
            return (target as any)[name];
        }
        return target.get(name);
    }
}) as Immutable.Map<ConstrainedKeys, INameValuePair> & { foo: INameValuePair };

console.log(dictionary.foo); // {name: "foo", value: "typing is fun"}
console.log(dictionary.get("foo")); // {name: "foo", value: "typing is fun"}