无法用海龟图形正确绘制抛物线曲线
Can't draw parabolic curve correctly with turtle graphics
我正在制作类似 'angry bird' 的游戏。
有两个input:power和角度。
我将这些输入应用于抛物线曲线。
我的乌龟飞了起来，画了一条抛物线。我的乌龟必须击中目标，
但是当角度大于 46，角度为 30、40 等时，我的乌龟画出奇怪的曲线...
我不知道问题出在哪里....这是我的代码：
import turtle
import random
import math
g=9.80665
origin_x=-480
origin_y=-180
flag=False
def create_target():
x=random.randint(0,500)
y=random.randint(-200,0)
target=turtle.Turtle()
target.hideturtle()
target.penup()
target.goto(x,y)
target.shape('square')
target.color('red')
target.showturtle()
return target
def create_turtle():
homework=turtle.Turtle()
homework.hideturtle()
homework.penup()
homework.speed(0)
homework.goto(origin_x,origin_y)
homework.pendown()
homework.shape('turtle')
homework.color('blue')
homework.left(45)
homework.showturtle()
return homework
def setting():
'''drawing back ground lines'''
setting=turtle.Turtle()
setting.hideturtle()
setting.speed(0)
turtle.colormode(255)
setting.pencolor(214,214,214)
for y in range(100,-101,-100):
setting.penup()
setting.goto(-500,y)
setting.pendown()
setting.goto(500,y)
for x in range(-375,500,125):
setting.penup()
setting.goto(x,200)
setting.pendown()
setting.goto(x,-200)
def throw_turtle(turtle,target):
angle=int(input("Enter Angle:"))
power=int(input("Enter Power:"))
'''
parabola fomula:
x coordinate: speed(in here, that is power) * cos(anlge)*time
y coordinate: speed*sin(angle)*time - (gravity speed*time**2)/2
'''
for time in range(1,20):
# the origin fomula is for the situation that starts from (0,0). so I think
# I should compensate it, but is it right?
x=power*math.cos(angle)*time + origin_x
y=power*math.sin(angle)*time - (((time**2)*g)/2) + origin_y
if x<origin_x: # I think it has problem...
x-=origin_x
turtle.goto(x,y)
turtle.stamp() #this is for testing
if (x==target.xcor()) and (y==target.ycor()):
print("******Target is HIT!!! ******")
print("End of Game")
flag=True
break
else:
print("You missed...")
turtle.setup(1000,400)
windo=turtle.Screen()
windo.title('Angry Turtle')
setting()
#__main
my_turtle=create_turtle()
while flag==False:
target=create_target()
my_turtle=create_turtle()
my_turtle.speed(6)
throw_turtle(my_turtle,target)
my_turtle.hideturtle()
target.hideturtle()
我认为create_target()和create_turtle()以及setting()没有问题...
下面，我将您的代码简化为一个 MVCE（最小、完整且可验证的示例）来检查抛物线绘制代码。我发现的问题是 degrees 和 radians[=27 之间的常见区别之一=]。 Python 数学库以弧度为单位，但提供了度数转换函数。 Python turtle 库默认以递减方式思考，但可以使用 turtle.radians() 切换到弧度。两种方式都可以，但用法必须一致：
from turtle import Turtle, Screen
import math
import random
G = 9.80665
origin_x = -480
origin_y = -180
def create_turtle():
homework = Turtle(shape='turtle')
homework.hideturtle()
homework.penup()
homework.goto(origin_x, origin_y)
homework.pendown()
homework.speed(0)
homework.left(45)
homework.showturtle()
return homework
def throw_turtle(turtle):
angle = int(input("Enter Angle (in degrees): "))
power = int(input("Enter Power: "))
# parabola formula:
# x coordinate: speed(in here, that is power) * cos(angle)*time
# y coordinate: speed*sin(angle)*time - (gravity speed * time**2)/2
for time in range(1, 20):
x = power * math.cos(math.radians(angle)) * time + origin_x
y = power * math.sin(math.radians(angle)) * time - (((time ** 2) * G) / 2) + origin_y
turtle.goto(x, y)
turtle.stamp() # this is for testing
window = Screen()
window.setup(1000, 400)
for _ in range(3):
my_turtle = create_turtle()
my_turtle.color(random.choice(['red', 'green', 'blue', 'purple', 'black']))
throw_turtle(my_turtle)
window.exitonclick()
示例
> python3 test.py
Enter Angle (in degrees): 30
Enter Power: 120
Enter Angle (in degrees): 45
Enter Power: 90
Enter Angle (in degrees): 60
Enter Power: 90
>
现在，您还希望它以抛物线方式执行哪些操作？
哦谢谢谢谢真的谢谢.......!!!!
但是，我还有一个问题。即throw_turtle函数中的'if'句。
我使用 'if' 句子的目的是检查并结束游戏。但实际上，用户并不能准确地修正目标坐标。所以结束比赛是不可能的。所以游戏是无止境的....
为了避免这种情况，我重新写成这样。
def throw_turtle(turtle,target):
angle=int(input("Enter Angle:"))
power=int(input("Enter Power:"))
'''
parabola fomula: x coordinate: speed(in here, that is power) * cos(anlge)*time
y coordinate: speed*sin(angle)*time - (gravity speed*time**2)/2'''
for time in range(1,20):
x=power*math.cos(math.radians(angle))*time + origin_x #the origin fomula is for the situation that starts from (0,0). so i think i should compensate it. but.. is it right?
y=power*math.sin(math.radians(angle))*time - (((time**2)*g)/2) + origin_y
turtle.goto(x,y)
turtle.stamp() #this is for testing min_target_x=target.xcor()-1
max_target_x=target.xcor()+1 #the '1' means target's size
min_target_y=target.ycor()-1
max_target_y=target.ycor()+1
min_target_y=target.ycor()-1
if ((turtle.xcor()>=min_target_x) or (turtle.xcor()<=max_target_x)) and ((turtle.ycor()>=min_target_y) or (turtle.ycor()<=max_target_y)):
print("******Target is HIT!!! ******")
print("End of Game")
flag=True
break
else:
print("You missed...")
我正在制作类似 'angry bird' 的游戏。
有两个input:power和角度。 我将这些输入应用于抛物线曲线。
我的乌龟飞了起来，画了一条抛物线。我的乌龟必须击中目标， 但是当角度大于 46，角度为 30、40 等时，我的乌龟画出奇怪的曲线...
我不知道问题出在哪里....这是我的代码：
import turtle
import random
import math
g=9.80665
origin_x=-480
origin_y=-180
flag=False
def create_target():
x=random.randint(0,500)
y=random.randint(-200,0)
target=turtle.Turtle()
target.hideturtle()
target.penup()
target.goto(x,y)
target.shape('square')
target.color('red')
target.showturtle()
return target
def create_turtle():
homework=turtle.Turtle()
homework.hideturtle()
homework.penup()
homework.speed(0)
homework.goto(origin_x,origin_y)
homework.pendown()
homework.shape('turtle')
homework.color('blue')
homework.left(45)
homework.showturtle()
return homework
def setting():
'''drawing back ground lines'''
setting=turtle.Turtle()
setting.hideturtle()
setting.speed(0)
turtle.colormode(255)
setting.pencolor(214,214,214)
for y in range(100,-101,-100):
setting.penup()
setting.goto(-500,y)
setting.pendown()
setting.goto(500,y)
for x in range(-375,500,125):
setting.penup()
setting.goto(x,200)
setting.pendown()
setting.goto(x,-200)
def throw_turtle(turtle,target):
angle=int(input("Enter Angle:"))
power=int(input("Enter Power:"))
'''
parabola fomula:
x coordinate: speed(in here, that is power) * cos(anlge)*time
y coordinate: speed*sin(angle)*time - (gravity speed*time**2)/2
'''
for time in range(1,20):
# the origin fomula is for the situation that starts from (0,0). so I think
# I should compensate it, but is it right?
x=power*math.cos(angle)*time + origin_x
y=power*math.sin(angle)*time - (((time**2)*g)/2) + origin_y
if x<origin_x: # I think it has problem...
x-=origin_x
turtle.goto(x,y)
turtle.stamp() #this is for testing
if (x==target.xcor()) and (y==target.ycor()):
print("******Target is HIT!!! ******")
print("End of Game")
flag=True
break
else:
print("You missed...")
turtle.setup(1000,400)
windo=turtle.Screen()
windo.title('Angry Turtle')
setting()
#__main
my_turtle=create_turtle()
while flag==False:
target=create_target()
my_turtle=create_turtle()
my_turtle.speed(6)
throw_turtle(my_turtle,target)
my_turtle.hideturtle()
target.hideturtle()
我认为create_target()和create_turtle()以及setting()没有问题...
下面，我将您的代码简化为一个 MVCE（最小、完整且可验证的示例）来检查抛物线绘制代码。我发现的问题是 degrees 和 radians[=27 之间的常见区别之一=]。 Python 数学库以弧度为单位，但提供了度数转换函数。 Python turtle 库默认以递减方式思考，但可以使用 turtle.radians() 切换到弧度。两种方式都可以，但用法必须一致：
from turtle import Turtle, Screen
import math
import random
G = 9.80665
origin_x = -480
origin_y = -180
def create_turtle():
homework = Turtle(shape='turtle')
homework.hideturtle()
homework.penup()
homework.goto(origin_x, origin_y)
homework.pendown()
homework.speed(0)
homework.left(45)
homework.showturtle()
return homework
def throw_turtle(turtle):
angle = int(input("Enter Angle (in degrees): "))
power = int(input("Enter Power: "))
# parabola formula:
# x coordinate: speed(in here, that is power) * cos(angle)*time
# y coordinate: speed*sin(angle)*time - (gravity speed * time**2)/2
for time in range(1, 20):
x = power * math.cos(math.radians(angle)) * time + origin_x
y = power * math.sin(math.radians(angle)) * time - (((time ** 2) * G) / 2) + origin_y
turtle.goto(x, y)
turtle.stamp() # this is for testing
window = Screen()
window.setup(1000, 400)
for _ in range(3):
my_turtle = create_turtle()
my_turtle.color(random.choice(['red', 'green', 'blue', 'purple', 'black']))
throw_turtle(my_turtle)
window.exitonclick()
示例
> python3 test.py
Enter Angle (in degrees): 30
Enter Power: 120
Enter Angle (in degrees): 45
Enter Power: 90
Enter Angle (in degrees): 60
Enter Power: 90
>
现在，您还希望它以抛物线方式执行哪些操作？
哦谢谢谢谢真的谢谢.......!!!! 但是，我还有一个问题。即throw_turtle函数中的'if'句。 我使用 'if' 句子的目的是检查并结束游戏。但实际上，用户并不能准确地修正目标坐标。所以结束比赛是不可能的。所以游戏是无止境的....
为了避免这种情况，我重新写成这样。
def throw_turtle(turtle,target):
angle=int(input("Enter Angle:"))
power=int(input("Enter Power:"))
'''
parabola fomula: x coordinate: speed(in here, that is power) * cos(anlge)*time
y coordinate: speed*sin(angle)*time - (gravity speed*time**2)/2'''
for time in range(1,20):
x=power*math.cos(math.radians(angle))*time + origin_x #the origin fomula is for the situation that starts from (0,0). so i think i should compensate it. but.. is it right?
y=power*math.sin(math.radians(angle))*time - (((time**2)*g)/2) + origin_y
turtle.goto(x,y)
turtle.stamp() #this is for testing min_target_x=target.xcor()-1
max_target_x=target.xcor()+1 #the '1' means target's size
min_target_y=target.ycor()-1
max_target_y=target.ycor()+1
min_target_y=target.ycor()-1
if ((turtle.xcor()>=min_target_x) or (turtle.xcor()<=max_target_x)) and ((turtle.ycor()>=min_target_y) or (turtle.ycor()<=max_target_y)):
print("******Target is HIT!!! ******")
print("End of Game")
flag=True
break
else:
print("You missed...")