C# - 套接字：端口转发
C# - Sockets: Port Forwarding
我在网络程序中工作，但是当我测试代码时，我发现我的朋友（他们不在我的本地网络中）无法连接到服务器。现在我发现端口转发可能是问题所在，但我不知道如何更改我的代码，让我的朋友可以连接（当端口转发时，问题在于如何在我的代码中实现端口转发）。
这是我的 Classes：
服务器 class：
static Socket listenerSocket;
static List<ClientData> clients;
static List<ClientName> clientNames;
static List<ClientName> clientReady;
private int port;
public Server(int port)
{
InitializeComponent();
this.port = port;
}
private void Server_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Start();
}
private void Start()
{
consoleList.Items.Add("Starting Server on " + Packet.GetIP4Address() + ":" + port);
listenerSocket = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
clients = new List<ClientData>();
clientNames = new List<ClientName>();
clientReady = new List<ClientName>();
IPEndPoint point = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse(Packet.GetIP4Address()), port);
try
{
listenerSocket.Bind(point);
}
catch (Exception)
{
MessageBox.Show("Port ist schon benutzt!");
Close();
}
Thread listenThread = new Thread(ListenThread);
listenThread.Start();
}
static void ListenThread()
{
for (;;)
{
listenerSocket.Listen(0);
ClientData data = new ClientData(listenerSocket.Accept());
clients.Add(data);
}
}
public static void ResetReadyClientList()
{
ResetReadyClientList_Server();
}
private static void ResetReadyClientList_Server()
{
clientReady.Clear();
}
public static List<ClientName> GetReadyClientList()
{
return clientReady;
}
public static List<ClientName> GetClientList()
{
return clientNames;
}
public static void Data_IN(object cSocket)
{
Socket clientScoket = (Socket)cSocket;
byte[] buffer;
int readBytes;
for (;;)
{
buffer = new byte[clientScoket.SendBufferSize];
readBytes = clientScoket.Receive(buffer);
if(readBytes > 0)
{
Packet packet = new Packet(buffer);
DataManager(packet);
}
}
}
static List<String> packetsReceived = new List<string>();
static List<String> clientsHasDownloaded = new List<string>();
static String path;
public static void DataManager(Packet p)
{
switch (p.packetType)
{
case PacketType.OutWindow:
String name = GetName(p.senderID);
MessageBox.Show(name + " hat aus dem Fenster geklickt!");
break;
case PacketType.RegisterName:
ClientName cName = new ClientName(p.senderID, p.gData[0]);
clientNames.Add(cName);
break;
case PacketType.Answer:
String senderName = GetName(p.senderID);
String answer = p.gData[0];
MessageBox.Show("Spieler " + senderName + " hat " + answer + " getippt!");
ClientName c = new ClientName(p.senderID, GetName(p.senderID));
if (clientReady.Contains(c)) clientReady.Remove(c);
clientReady.Add(c);
break;
case PacketType.HasDownloaded:
clientsHasDownloaded.Add(p.senderID);
if (clientsHasDownloaded.Count == clients.Count)
{
SoundHostForm form = new SoundHostForm();
form.ShowDialog();
path = p.gData[0];
}
break;
}
}
static ClientData GetClientData(String id)
{
foreach (ClientData c in clients)
{
if(c.id == id)
{
return c;
}
}
return null;
}
public static void SendFileToAll(String path)
{
Thread t = new Thread(() => SendFile(path));
t.Start();
}
private static void SendFile(String path)
{
clientsHasDownloaded.Clear();
Uri downloadLink = FileTransfer.UploadFile(path);
Packet p = new Packet(PacketType.CanDownload, "server");
p.gData.Add(downloadLink.ToString());
foreach (ClientData data in clients)
{
data.clientSocket.Send(p.ToBytes());
}
}
public static void SendPacketToAll(Packet p)
{
foreach(ClientData data in clients)
{
data.clientSocket.Send(p.ToBytes());
}
}
static String GetName(String id)
{
foreach (ClientName c in clientNames)
{
if (c.id == id)
{
return c.name;
}
}
return null;
}
}
class ClientData
{
public Socket clientSocket;
public Thread clientThread;
public String id;
public ClientData()
{
id = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
clientThread = new Thread(Server.Data_IN);
clientThread.Start(clientSocket);
SendRegisterationPacket();
}
public ClientData(Socket clientSocket)
{
this.clientSocket = clientSocket;
id = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
clientThread = new Thread(Server.Data_IN);
clientThread.Start(clientSocket);
SendRegisterationPacket();
}
public void SendRegisterationPacket()
{
Packet p = new Packet(PacketType.Registration, "server");
p.gData.Add(id);
clientSocket.Send(p.ToBytes());
}
}
public class ClientName
{
public String id;
public String name;
public ClientName(String id, String name)
{
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
}
}
客户：
public static Socket master;
public string username;
public static string id;
private String ip;
private int port;
public Client(String username, String ipPortString)
{
InitializeComponent();
this.username = username;
ip = ipPortString.Split(':')[0];
port = Convert.ToInt32(ipPortString.Split(':')[1]);
}
private void Client_Load(object sender, EventArgs e){}
public void Start()
{
master = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
IPEndPoint point = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse(ip), port);
try
{
master.Connect(point);
}
catch
{
MessageBox.Show("Fehler beim Verbinden! Code: 0x156f237" + "\n" + "Der Server konnte nicht gefunden werden!");
Thread.Sleep(1000);
Start();
}
Thread t = new Thread(Data_IN);
t.Start();
}
void Data_IN()
{
byte[] buffer;
int readBytes;
for (;;)
{
buffer = new byte[master.SendBufferSize];
readBytes = master.Receive(buffer);
if (readBytes > 0)
{
DataManager(new Packet(buffer));
}
}
}
static List<String> packetsReceived = new List<string>();
static TippForm tippFormCache;
void DataManager(Packet p)
{
PacketType type = p.packetType;
switch (type)
{
case PacketType.Registration:
id = p.gData[0];
Packet rp = new Packet(PacketType.RegisterName, id);
rp.gData.Add(username);
master.Send(rp.ToBytes());
break;
case PacketType.Window:
String windowID = p.gData[0];
if (windowID == ABCDForm.SERIALAZIE_ID)
{
if (p.senderID == "server")
{
if (!packetsReceived.Contains(p.packetID))
{
ABCDForm form = new ABCDForm(id, p.gData[1], p.gData[2], p.gData[3], p.gData[4], p.gData[5]);
if (!IsOpened(form))
{
form.ShowDialog();
packetsReceived.Add(p.packetID);
}
}
}
}
else if (windowID == OpenAnswerForm.SERIALIZE_ID)
{
if (p.senderID == "server")
{
if (!packetsReceived.Contains(p.packetID))
{
OpenAnswerForm form = new OpenAnswerForm(id, p.gData[1]);
if (!IsOpened(form))
{
form.ShowDialog();
packetsReceived.Add(p.packetID);
}
}
}
}
else if (windowID == TippForm.SERIALIZE_ID)
{
if (p.senderID == "server")
{
if (!packetsReceived.Contains(p.packetID))
{
tippFormCache = new TippForm(id, p.gData[1], p.gData[2], p.gData[3], p.gData[4], p.gData[5]);
if (!IsOpened(tippFormCache))
{
tippFormCache.ShowDialog();
packetsReceived.Add(p.packetID);
}
}
}
}
else if (windowID == SoundForm.SERIALAZIE_ID)
{
if (p.senderID == "server")
{
if (!packetsReceived.Contains(p.packetID))
{
SoundForm form = new SoundForm(id, p.gData[1]);
if (!IsOpened(form))
{
form.ShowDialog();
packetsReceived.Add(p.packetID);
}
}
}
}
else if (windowID == VideoPlayerForm.SERIALIZE_ID)
{
if (p.senderID == "server")
{
if (!packetsReceived.Contains(p.packetID))
{
playerForm = new VideoPlayerForm(id);
if (!IsOpened(playerForm))
{
Thread t = new Thread(() => OpenVideoPlayerWithSTA(p));
t.SetApartmentState(ApartmentState.STA);
t.Start();
}
}
}
}
break;
case PacketType.OpenNewTipp:
if(tippFormCache != null)
{
tippFormCache.OpenNewTipp();
}
break;
case PacketType.CanDownload:
if(p.senderID == "server")
{
Uri downloadLink = new Uri(p.gData[0]);
String uri = FileTransfer.DownloadFile(downloadLink);
Packet replyPacket = new Packet(PacketType.HasDownloaded, id);
replyPacket.gData.Add(uri);
master.Send(replyPacket.ToBytes());
}
break;
case PacketType.Play:
if (IsOpened(playerForm))
{
playerForm.Start();
}
break;
case PacketType.TogglePause:
if (IsOpened(playerForm))
{
playerForm.Pause();
}
break;
case PacketType.Stop:
if (IsOpened(playerForm))
{
playerForm.Stop();
}
break;
}
}
private static void OpenVideoPlayerWithSTA(Packet p)
{
playerForm.ShowDialog();
packetsReceived.Add(p.packetID);
}
private static VideoPlayerForm playerForm;
private static bool IsOpened(Form form)
{
FormCollection fc = Application.OpenForms;
foreach(Form f in fc)
{
if(f == form)
{
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
还有我的数据包Class/服务器数据：
[Serializable]
public class Packet
{
public List<String> gData;
public int packetInt;
public bool packetBool;
public string senderID;
public PacketType packetType;
public string packetID;
public Packet(PacketType packetType, string senderID)
{
gData = new List<String>();
this.senderID = senderID;
this.packetType = packetType;
packetID = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
}
public Packet(byte[] bytes)
{
BinaryFormatter bf = new BinaryFormatter();
MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream(bytes);
ms.Position = 0;
Packet p = (Packet)bf.Deserialize(ms);
ms.Close();
gData = p.gData;
packetBool = p.packetBool;
packetInt = p.packetInt;
packetType = p.packetType;
senderID = p.senderID;
packetID = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
}
public byte[] ToBytes()
{
BinaryFormatter bf = new BinaryFormatter();
MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream();
ms.Position = 0;
bf.Serialize(ms, this);
byte[] bytes = ms.ToArray();
ms.Close();
return bytes;
}
public static string GetIP4Address()
{
IPAddress[] ips = Dns.GetHostAddresses(Dns.GetHostName());
foreach(IPAddress ip in ips)
{
if(ip.AddressFamily == System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily.InterNetwork)
{
return ip.ToString();
}
}
return "127.0.0.1";
}
}
public enum PacketType
{
Registration,
Window,
/*[0] = FormID
*
* ABCD:
* [1] = Frage
* [2] = A
* [3] = B
* [4] = C
* [5] = D
*
* OPEN:
* [1] = Frage
*
* TIPP:
* [1] = 1. Tipp
* [2] = 2. Tipp
* [3] = 3. Tipp
* [4] = 4. Tipp
* [5] = 5. Tipp
*
* SOUND:
* [1] = Uri
*/
Answer,//[0] = Antwort
OutWindow,
RegisterName,
Play,
TogglePause,
Stop,
OpenNewTipp,
CanDownload,
HasDownloaded
}
希望大家能帮帮我。
您在连接到 Internet 的 router/NAT 中激活端口转发。然后你朋友的客户端应该有你的 public IP 地址（互联网提供商的路由器之一，你可以看到这个地址登录到 router/NAT）并且应该将消息发送到特定端口。您转到路由器并配置端口转发。这个假设的本地网络意味着您的网络位于将您连接到 Internet 的路由器后面。
我在网络程序中工作，但是当我测试代码时，我发现我的朋友（他们不在我的本地网络中）无法连接到服务器。现在我发现端口转发可能是问题所在，但我不知道如何更改我的代码，让我的朋友可以连接（当端口转发时，问题在于如何在我的代码中实现端口转发）。 这是我的 Classes： 服务器 class：
static Socket listenerSocket;
static List<ClientData> clients;
static List<ClientName> clientNames;
static List<ClientName> clientReady;
private int port;
public Server(int port)
{
InitializeComponent();
this.port = port;
}
private void Server_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Start();
}
private void Start()
{
consoleList.Items.Add("Starting Server on " + Packet.GetIP4Address() + ":" + port);
listenerSocket = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
clients = new List<ClientData>();
clientNames = new List<ClientName>();
clientReady = new List<ClientName>();
IPEndPoint point = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse(Packet.GetIP4Address()), port);
try
{
listenerSocket.Bind(point);
}
catch (Exception)
{
MessageBox.Show("Port ist schon benutzt!");
Close();
}
Thread listenThread = new Thread(ListenThread);
listenThread.Start();
}
static void ListenThread()
{
for (;;)
{
listenerSocket.Listen(0);
ClientData data = new ClientData(listenerSocket.Accept());
clients.Add(data);
}
}
public static void ResetReadyClientList()
{
ResetReadyClientList_Server();
}
private static void ResetReadyClientList_Server()
{
clientReady.Clear();
}
public static List<ClientName> GetReadyClientList()
{
return clientReady;
}
public static List<ClientName> GetClientList()
{
return clientNames;
}
public static void Data_IN(object cSocket)
{
Socket clientScoket = (Socket)cSocket;
byte[] buffer;
int readBytes;
for (;;)
{
buffer = new byte[clientScoket.SendBufferSize];
readBytes = clientScoket.Receive(buffer);
if(readBytes > 0)
{
Packet packet = new Packet(buffer);
DataManager(packet);
}
}
}
static List<String> packetsReceived = new List<string>();
static List<String> clientsHasDownloaded = new List<string>();
static String path;
public static void DataManager(Packet p)
{
switch (p.packetType)
{
case PacketType.OutWindow:
String name = GetName(p.senderID);
MessageBox.Show(name + " hat aus dem Fenster geklickt!");
break;
case PacketType.RegisterName:
ClientName cName = new ClientName(p.senderID, p.gData[0]);
clientNames.Add(cName);
break;
case PacketType.Answer:
String senderName = GetName(p.senderID);
String answer = p.gData[0];
MessageBox.Show("Spieler " + senderName + " hat " + answer + " getippt!");
ClientName c = new ClientName(p.senderID, GetName(p.senderID));
if (clientReady.Contains(c)) clientReady.Remove(c);
clientReady.Add(c);
break;
case PacketType.HasDownloaded:
clientsHasDownloaded.Add(p.senderID);
if (clientsHasDownloaded.Count == clients.Count)
{
SoundHostForm form = new SoundHostForm();
form.ShowDialog();
path = p.gData[0];
}
break;
}
}
static ClientData GetClientData(String id)
{
foreach (ClientData c in clients)
{
if(c.id == id)
{
return c;
}
}
return null;
}
public static void SendFileToAll(String path)
{
Thread t = new Thread(() => SendFile(path));
t.Start();
}
private static void SendFile(String path)
{
clientsHasDownloaded.Clear();
Uri downloadLink = FileTransfer.UploadFile(path);
Packet p = new Packet(PacketType.CanDownload, "server");
p.gData.Add(downloadLink.ToString());
foreach (ClientData data in clients)
{
data.clientSocket.Send(p.ToBytes());
}
}
public static void SendPacketToAll(Packet p)
{
foreach(ClientData data in clients)
{
data.clientSocket.Send(p.ToBytes());
}
}
static String GetName(String id)
{
foreach (ClientName c in clientNames)
{
if (c.id == id)
{
return c.name;
}
}
return null;
}
}
class ClientData
{
public Socket clientSocket;
public Thread clientThread;
public String id;
public ClientData()
{
id = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
clientThread = new Thread(Server.Data_IN);
clientThread.Start(clientSocket);
SendRegisterationPacket();
}
public ClientData(Socket clientSocket)
{
this.clientSocket = clientSocket;
id = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
clientThread = new Thread(Server.Data_IN);
clientThread.Start(clientSocket);
SendRegisterationPacket();
}
public void SendRegisterationPacket()
{
Packet p = new Packet(PacketType.Registration, "server");
p.gData.Add(id);
clientSocket.Send(p.ToBytes());
}
}
public class ClientName
{
public String id;
public String name;
public ClientName(String id, String name)
{
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
}
}
客户：
public static Socket master;
public string username;
public static string id;
private String ip;
private int port;
public Client(String username, String ipPortString)
{
InitializeComponent();
this.username = username;
ip = ipPortString.Split(':')[0];
port = Convert.ToInt32(ipPortString.Split(':')[1]);
}
private void Client_Load(object sender, EventArgs e){}
public void Start()
{
master = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
IPEndPoint point = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse(ip), port);
try
{
master.Connect(point);
}
catch
{
MessageBox.Show("Fehler beim Verbinden! Code: 0x156f237" + "\n" + "Der Server konnte nicht gefunden werden!");
Thread.Sleep(1000);
Start();
}
Thread t = new Thread(Data_IN);
t.Start();
}
void Data_IN()
{
byte[] buffer;
int readBytes;
for (;;)
{
buffer = new byte[master.SendBufferSize];
readBytes = master.Receive(buffer);
if (readBytes > 0)
{
DataManager(new Packet(buffer));
}
}
}
static List<String> packetsReceived = new List<string>();
static TippForm tippFormCache;
void DataManager(Packet p)
{
PacketType type = p.packetType;
switch (type)
{
case PacketType.Registration:
id = p.gData[0];
Packet rp = new Packet(PacketType.RegisterName, id);
rp.gData.Add(username);
master.Send(rp.ToBytes());
break;
case PacketType.Window:
String windowID = p.gData[0];
if (windowID == ABCDForm.SERIALAZIE_ID)
{
if (p.senderID == "server")
{
if (!packetsReceived.Contains(p.packetID))
{
ABCDForm form = new ABCDForm(id, p.gData[1], p.gData[2], p.gData[3], p.gData[4], p.gData[5]);
if (!IsOpened(form))
{
form.ShowDialog();
packetsReceived.Add(p.packetID);
}
}
}
}
else if (windowID == OpenAnswerForm.SERIALIZE_ID)
{
if (p.senderID == "server")
{
if (!packetsReceived.Contains(p.packetID))
{
OpenAnswerForm form = new OpenAnswerForm(id, p.gData[1]);
if (!IsOpened(form))
{
form.ShowDialog();
packetsReceived.Add(p.packetID);
}
}
}
}
else if (windowID == TippForm.SERIALIZE_ID)
{
if (p.senderID == "server")
{
if (!packetsReceived.Contains(p.packetID))
{
tippFormCache = new TippForm(id, p.gData[1], p.gData[2], p.gData[3], p.gData[4], p.gData[5]);
if (!IsOpened(tippFormCache))
{
tippFormCache.ShowDialog();
packetsReceived.Add(p.packetID);
}
}
}
}
else if (windowID == SoundForm.SERIALAZIE_ID)
{
if (p.senderID == "server")
{
if (!packetsReceived.Contains(p.packetID))
{
SoundForm form = new SoundForm(id, p.gData[1]);
if (!IsOpened(form))
{
form.ShowDialog();
packetsReceived.Add(p.packetID);
}
}
}
}
else if (windowID == VideoPlayerForm.SERIALIZE_ID)
{
if (p.senderID == "server")
{
if (!packetsReceived.Contains(p.packetID))
{
playerForm = new VideoPlayerForm(id);
if (!IsOpened(playerForm))
{
Thread t = new Thread(() => OpenVideoPlayerWithSTA(p));
t.SetApartmentState(ApartmentState.STA);
t.Start();
}
}
}
}
break;
case PacketType.OpenNewTipp:
if(tippFormCache != null)
{
tippFormCache.OpenNewTipp();
}
break;
case PacketType.CanDownload:
if(p.senderID == "server")
{
Uri downloadLink = new Uri(p.gData[0]);
String uri = FileTransfer.DownloadFile(downloadLink);
Packet replyPacket = new Packet(PacketType.HasDownloaded, id);
replyPacket.gData.Add(uri);
master.Send(replyPacket.ToBytes());
}
break;
case PacketType.Play:
if (IsOpened(playerForm))
{
playerForm.Start();
}
break;
case PacketType.TogglePause:
if (IsOpened(playerForm))
{
playerForm.Pause();
}
break;
case PacketType.Stop:
if (IsOpened(playerForm))
{
playerForm.Stop();
}
break;
}
}
private static void OpenVideoPlayerWithSTA(Packet p)
{
playerForm.ShowDialog();
packetsReceived.Add(p.packetID);
}
private static VideoPlayerForm playerForm;
private static bool IsOpened(Form form)
{
FormCollection fc = Application.OpenForms;
foreach(Form f in fc)
{
if(f == form)
{
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
还有我的数据包Class/服务器数据：
[Serializable]
public class Packet
{
public List<String> gData;
public int packetInt;
public bool packetBool;
public string senderID;
public PacketType packetType;
public string packetID;
public Packet(PacketType packetType, string senderID)
{
gData = new List<String>();
this.senderID = senderID;
this.packetType = packetType;
packetID = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
}
public Packet(byte[] bytes)
{
BinaryFormatter bf = new BinaryFormatter();
MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream(bytes);
ms.Position = 0;
Packet p = (Packet)bf.Deserialize(ms);
ms.Close();
gData = p.gData;
packetBool = p.packetBool;
packetInt = p.packetInt;
packetType = p.packetType;
senderID = p.senderID;
packetID = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
}
public byte[] ToBytes()
{
BinaryFormatter bf = new BinaryFormatter();
MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream();
ms.Position = 0;
bf.Serialize(ms, this);
byte[] bytes = ms.ToArray();
ms.Close();
return bytes;
}
public static string GetIP4Address()
{
IPAddress[] ips = Dns.GetHostAddresses(Dns.GetHostName());
foreach(IPAddress ip in ips)
{
if(ip.AddressFamily == System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily.InterNetwork)
{
return ip.ToString();
}
}
return "127.0.0.1";
}
}
public enum PacketType
{
Registration,
Window,
/*[0] = FormID
*
* ABCD:
* [1] = Frage
* [2] = A
* [3] = B
* [4] = C
* [5] = D
*
* OPEN:
* [1] = Frage
*
* TIPP:
* [1] = 1. Tipp
* [2] = 2. Tipp
* [3] = 3. Tipp
* [4] = 4. Tipp
* [5] = 5. Tipp
*
* SOUND:
* [1] = Uri
*/
Answer,//[0] = Antwort
OutWindow,
RegisterName,
Play,
TogglePause,
Stop,
OpenNewTipp,
CanDownload,
HasDownloaded
}
希望大家能帮帮我。
您在连接到 Internet 的 router/NAT 中激活端口转发。然后你朋友的客户端应该有你的 public IP 地址（互联网提供商的路由器之一，你可以看到这个地址登录到 router/NAT）并且应该将消息发送到特定端口。您转到路由器并配置端口转发。这个假设的本地网络意味着您的网络位于将您连接到 Internet 的路由器后面。