为什么此模板签名不能用作使用引号的字符串文字?

Why doesn't this template signature work as a string-literal using quotes?

C++11 允许用户定义模板字符串文字运算符,具有以下模板签名(taken from CppReference;return 类型不需要是 double):

template <char...> double operator "" _x();

但是,这似乎只适用于数字形式,而不适用于引用形式:

template <char... chs>
std::string operator ""_r()
{
    // ... construct some sort of string and return it
}

// ... 

auto my_str = "abc"_r;  // ERROR (compiler messages copied below)
auto my_num = 123_r;    // NO ERROR

GCC (5.1) 和 Clang (3.7) 都没有提供有用的错误消息。海湾合作委员会说:

error: no matching function for call to ‘operator""_r()’
// printed source elided
note: candidate: template<char ...chs> std::__cxx11::string operator""_r()
// printed source elided
note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
// ERROR OUTPUT ENDS HERE
// (nothing is printed here, despite the ':' in the previous line)

Clang 简单地说:

error: no matching literal operator for call to 'operator "" _r' with arguments of types 'const char *' and 'unsigned long', and no matching literal operator template

那么为什么模板参数推导会失败?为什么文字运算符模板不匹配?

并且,一般来说,是否可以修复用法,以便 template <char...> 文字运算符可以与非数字字符串一起使用?

您不能声明接受可变字符包的用户定义字符串文字。这在未来可能会改变,但截至目前,仅此而已。

来自相同的 cppreference:

For user-defined string literals, the user-defined literal expression is treated as a function call operator "" X (str, len), where str is the literal without ud-suffix and len is its length excluding the terminating null character

Gcc 有扩展 允许

template <typename Char, Char...Cs>
std::string operator ""_r()
{
    // ... construct some sort of string and return it
}

Demo