Python: 如何调用子 class 的重写方法

Python: How to call a child class's overridden method

我有几个 class 可以相互扩展。然后我有另一个 class 调用重写方法 _draw(self.turtle).

Class结构:

class Canvas:
    def __init__(self,w,h):
        self.width = w
        self.height = h
        self.visibleObjects = []
        self.turtle = turtle.Turtle()
        self.screen = turtle.Screen()
        self.screen.setup(width=self.width,height=self.height)
        self.turtle.hideturtle()

    def draw(self,gObject):
        gObject.setCanvas(self)
        gObject.setVisible(True)
        self.turtle.up()
        self.screen.tracer(0)
        gObject._draw(self.turtle)
        self.screen.tracer(1)
        self.addShape(gObject)

class GeometricObject:
    def __init__(self):
        self.lineColor = 'black'
        self.lineWidth = 1
        self.visible = False
        self.myCanvas = None

    // setters and getters

class Shape(GeometricObject):
    def __init__(self, fillColor = None):
        super().__init__()
        self.fillColor = fillColor

        def setFill(self, aturtle):
            aturtle.begin_fill()
            aturtle.down()
            aturtle.color(self.fillColor)


class Polygon(Shape):
    def __init__(self, cornerPoints, color, lineColor, lineWidth):
        super().__init__(color)
        self.cornerPoints = cornerPoints

    def _draw(self, aturtle):
        // Start Drawing

class Triangle(Polygon):
    def __init__(self, threePoints, fillColor = None, lineColor = None, lineWidth = None):
        super().__init__(threePoints, fillColor, lineColor, lineWidth)
        if (lineColor is not None):
            self.lineColor = lineColor

        if(lineWidth is not None):
            self.lineWidth = lineWidth

        def _draw(self, aturtle):
            if (self.fillColor is not None):
                self.setFill(aturtle)
                aturtle.up()
                Polygon._draw(self, aturtle)
                aturtle.end_fill() 

myCanvas = Canvas(800,600)
triangle = Triangle([Point(-50, -10), Point(150,25), Point(50,50)], "red", "yellow")
myCanvas.draw(triangle)

调用myCanvas.draw(triangle)时,会执行Canvasclass中的draw方法。在 draw 方法的第 6 行,我调用了实际的 class 的 _draw 方法 gObject._draw(self.turtle)。当我此时调试时,gObject 是 Triangle 类型。因此,当执行这行代码时,我希望控件转到 Triangle 的 _draw()。然而,控件移动到多边形的_draw() 并且控件永远不会到达三角形的_draw()。

我不明白为什么要执行Polygon的_draw()?有人可以帮我吗?代码中是否缺少某些内容。

p.s:我有多个几何对象 class,例如矩形、扩展多边形的正方形等

如评论中所述,您的缩进是错误的。例如:

class Shape(GeometricObject):
    def __init__(self, fillColor = None):
        super().__init__()
        self.fillColor = fillColor

        def setFill(self, aturtle):
            aturtle.begin_fill()
            aturtle.down()
            aturtle.color(self.fillColor)

没有定义 Shape.setFill 方法,而是 setFill 仅存在于 Shape.__init__ 方法中的函数。所以,出于同样的原因,下面的代码没有覆盖 _draw 方法:

class Triangle(Polygon):
    def __init__(self, threePoints, fillColor = None, lineColor = None, lineWidth = None):
        super().__init__(threePoints, fillColor, lineColor, lineWidth)
        if (lineColor is not None):
            self.lineColor = lineColor

        if(lineWidth is not None):
            self.lineWidth = lineWidth

        def _draw(self, aturtle):
            if (self.fillColor is not None):
                self.setFill(aturtle)
                aturtle.up()
                Polygon._draw(self, aturtle)
                aturtle.end_fill()

对于 "trivia",请注意 Python 的输入与 Java 或其他人的输入不同。特别是,没有强制转换,除非您明确定义它。 所以如果你定义 MotherDaughter 如下:

class Mother:
    def __init__(self):
        pass
    def printClass(self):
        print(self.__class__.__name__)

class Daughter(Mother):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()

Daughter 对象上调用 printClass 时,没有直接的方法来打印 "Mother"

在 Java 中,类似于:

(Mother)Daughter.printClass();

会打印 "Mother",但你不能在 Python 中做这样的事情。

换句话说,一个变量可以被重新赋值给一个不同类型的对象,但是如果不重新赋值就无法改变变量的类型。

顺便说一下,解决方法是在 Daughter class 中定义一个 castToMother 方法,或者类似的方法。

这个解释的重点是让你确定,如果你知道你的 triangle 对象是 Triangle 类型,那么 triangle._draw 就不可能调用 Polygon._draw