如何在 alpine 上编译 32 位的 hello world?
How to compile a 32bit hello world on alpine?
给定一个简单的 hello world 代码:
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void){
puts("hello");
return 0;
}
在 64 位 alpine linux 安装上,我尝试将其编译为 64 位和 32 位。
第一个工作正常,但第二个缺少 32 位库:
~ # gcc -Wall hello.c
~ # gcc -Wall -m32 hello.c
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/../../../../x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/../../../libssp_nonshared.a when searching for -lssp_nonshared
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/../../../../x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/bin/ld: skipping incompatible //usr/lib/libssp_nonshared.a when searching for -lssp_nonshared
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/../../../../x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/bin/ld: cannot find -lssp_nonshared
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/../../../../x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/libgcc.a when searching for -lgcc
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/../../../../x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/bin/ld: cannot find -lgcc
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/../../../../x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/../../../libgcc_s.so when searching for -lgcc_s
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/../../../../x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/bin/ld: skipping incompatible //usr/lib/libgcc_s.so when searching for -lgcc_s
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/../../../../x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/bin/ld: cannot find -lgcc_s
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/../../../../x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/../../../libc.so when searching for -lc
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/../../../../x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/../../../libc.a when searching for -lc
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/../../../../x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/bin/ld: skipping incompatible //usr/lib/libc.so when searching for -lc
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/../../../../x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/bin/ld: skipping incompatible //usr/lib/libc.a when searching for -lc
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/../../../../x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/bin/ld: cannot find -lc
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/../../../../x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/libgcc.a when searching for -lgcc
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/../../../../x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/bin/ld: cannot find -lgcc
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/../../../../x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/../../../libgcc_s.so when searching for -lgcc_s
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/../../../../x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/bin/ld: skipping incompatible //usr/lib/libgcc_s.so when searching for -lgcc_s
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/../../../../x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/bin/ld: cannot find -lgcc_s
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
因为我没有找到解决这个问题的明显方法,所以我将 32 位版本的 gcc、libgcc 和 musl-dev 提取到本地目录并设置 LIBRARY_PATH:
~ # LIBRARY_PATH=usr/lib/gcc/i586-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0:usr/lib gcc -Wall -m32 hello.c
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/../../../../x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/libgcc.a when searching for -lgcc
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/../../../../x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/libgcc.a when searching for -lgcc
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/../../../../x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/bin/ld: i386:x86-64 architecture of input file `/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/crtbeginS.o' is incompatible with i386 output
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/../../../../x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/bin/ld: i386:x86-64 architecture of input file `/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/crtendS.o' is incompatible with i386 output
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
~ #
这部分解决了问题,但 gcc 仍会首先尝试 64 位库并查找 64 位 crt 文件。
那么在 alpine 上编译 32 位二进制文件的正确方法是什么 linux?
为了让最后一个问题更清楚,看这个:
~ # LIBRARY_PATH=/tmp gcc --verbose -Wall -m32 hello.c 2>&1|grep LIBRARY_PATH
LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/:/tmp/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/../../../../x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/lib/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/../../../:/lib/:/usr/lib/
如果我只设置一些LIBRARY_PATH,编译器会在内部添加其他目录。特别是它还预先添加了 "wrong" 系统目录,其中包含 64 位库。因此它使用了错误的 crt 库,因此出现了上面的最后一个错误。
我要么需要正确的 alpine 包(而不关心它是如何工作的),要么我需要了解如何更改 gcc 内部添加的第一个路径。
根据 gcc -v
在 alpine gcc 上编译时没有 multilib 支持:
--disable-multilib
虽然在 debian 上启用了 multilib:
--with-multilib-list=m32,m64,mx32 --enable-multilib
-m32
需要 Multilib 支持才能可靠地工作。因此,alpine 上的默认编译器确实不适合编译 32 位二进制文件。
给定一个简单的 hello world 代码:
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void){
puts("hello");
return 0;
}
在 64 位 alpine linux 安装上,我尝试将其编译为 64 位和 32 位。 第一个工作正常,但第二个缺少 32 位库:
~ # gcc -Wall hello.c
~ # gcc -Wall -m32 hello.c
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/../../../../x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/../../../libssp_nonshared.a when searching for -lssp_nonshared
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/../../../../x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/bin/ld: skipping incompatible //usr/lib/libssp_nonshared.a when searching for -lssp_nonshared
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/../../../../x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/bin/ld: cannot find -lssp_nonshared
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/../../../../x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/libgcc.a when searching for -lgcc
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/../../../../x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/bin/ld: cannot find -lgcc
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/../../../../x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/../../../libgcc_s.so when searching for -lgcc_s
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/../../../../x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/bin/ld: skipping incompatible //usr/lib/libgcc_s.so when searching for -lgcc_s
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/../../../../x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/bin/ld: cannot find -lgcc_s
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/../../../../x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/../../../libc.so when searching for -lc
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/../../../../x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/../../../libc.a when searching for -lc
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/../../../../x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/bin/ld: skipping incompatible //usr/lib/libc.so when searching for -lc
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/../../../../x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/bin/ld: skipping incompatible //usr/lib/libc.a when searching for -lc
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/../../../../x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/bin/ld: cannot find -lc
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/../../../../x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/libgcc.a when searching for -lgcc
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/../../../../x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/bin/ld: cannot find -lgcc
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/../../../../x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/../../../libgcc_s.so when searching for -lgcc_s
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/../../../../x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/bin/ld: skipping incompatible //usr/lib/libgcc_s.so when searching for -lgcc_s
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/../../../../x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/bin/ld: cannot find -lgcc_s
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
因为我没有找到解决这个问题的明显方法,所以我将 32 位版本的 gcc、libgcc 和 musl-dev 提取到本地目录并设置 LIBRARY_PATH:
~ # LIBRARY_PATH=usr/lib/gcc/i586-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0:usr/lib gcc -Wall -m32 hello.c
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/../../../../x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/libgcc.a when searching for -lgcc
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/../../../../x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/libgcc.a when searching for -lgcc
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/../../../../x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/bin/ld: i386:x86-64 architecture of input file `/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/crtbeginS.o' is incompatible with i386 output
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/../../../../x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/bin/ld: i386:x86-64 architecture of input file `/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/crtendS.o' is incompatible with i386 output
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
~ #
这部分解决了问题,但 gcc 仍会首先尝试 64 位库并查找 64 位 crt 文件。
那么在 alpine 上编译 32 位二进制文件的正确方法是什么 linux?
为了让最后一个问题更清楚,看这个:
~ # LIBRARY_PATH=/tmp gcc --verbose -Wall -m32 hello.c 2>&1|grep LIBRARY_PATH
LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/:/tmp/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/../../../../x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/lib/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-alpine-linux-musl/5.3.0/../../../:/lib/:/usr/lib/
如果我只设置一些LIBRARY_PATH,编译器会在内部添加其他目录。特别是它还预先添加了 "wrong" 系统目录,其中包含 64 位库。因此它使用了错误的 crt 库,因此出现了上面的最后一个错误。
我要么需要正确的 alpine 包(而不关心它是如何工作的),要么我需要了解如何更改 gcc 内部添加的第一个路径。
根据 gcc -v
在 alpine gcc 上编译时没有 multilib 支持:
--disable-multilib
虽然在 debian 上启用了 multilib:
--with-multilib-list=m32,m64,mx32 --enable-multilib
-m32
需要 Multilib 支持才能可靠地工作。因此,alpine 上的默认编译器确实不适合编译 32 位二进制文件。