如何将文件中的文本插入新的 XML 标签

Question

我有以下代码来尝试解析一个 XML 文件，以便它从外部文本文件（如果找到）中读取并将其内容插入到新引入的标签中并保存一个新的 XML包含结果操作的文件。

代码如下所示：

try:
    import xml.etree.cElementTree as ET
except ImportError:
    import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
import os

# define our data file
data_file = 'test2_of_2016-09-19.xml'

tree = ET.ElementTree(file=data_file)
root = tree.getroot()

for element in root:
    if element.find('File_directory') is not None:
        directory = element.find('File_directory').text
    if element.find('Introduction') is not None:
        introduction = element.find('Introduction').text
    if element.find('Directions') is not None:
        directions = element.find('Directions').text

for element in root:
    if element.find('File_directory') is not None:
        if element.find('Introduction') is not None:
            intro_tree = directory+introduction
            with open(intro_tree, 'r') as f:
                intro_text = f.read()
            f.closed
            intro_body = ET.SubElement(element,'Introduction_Body')
            intro_body.text = intro_text
        if element.find('Directions') is not None:
            directions_tree = directory+directions
            with open(directions_tree, 'r') as f:
                directions_text = f.read()
            f.closed
            directions_body = ET.SubElement(element,'Directions_Body')
            directions_body.text = directions_text

tree.write('new_' + data_file)

问题是，似乎 file_directory、介绍和方向的最后一个实例被保存并分散到多个条目，这是不需要的，因为每个条目都有自己的单独记录，因此说话。

源 XML 文件如下所示：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<Root xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
    <Row>
        <Entry_No>1</Entry_No>
        <Waterfall_Name>Bridalveil Fall</Waterfall_Name>
        <File_directory>./waterfall_writeups/1_Bridalveil_Fall/</File_directory>
        <Introduction>introduction-bridalveil-fall.html</Introduction>
        <Directions>directions-bridalveil-fall.html</Directions>
    </Row>
    <Row>
        <Entry_No>52</Entry_No>
        <Waterfall_Name>Switzer Falls</Waterfall_Name>
        <File_directory>./waterfall_writeups/52_Switzer_Falls/</File_directory>
        <Introduction>introduction-switzer-falls.html</Introduction>
        <Directions>directions-switzer-falls.html</Directions>
    </Row>
</Root>

所需的输出 XML 应如下所示：

<Root xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
    <Row>
        <Entry_No>1</Entry_No>
        <Waterfall_Name>Bridalveil Fall</Waterfall_Name>
        <File_directory>./waterfall_writeups/1_Bridalveil_Fall/</File_directory>
        <Introduction>introduction-bridalveil-fall.html</Introduction>
        <Directions>directions-bridalveil-fall.html</Directions>
        <Introduction_Body>Text from ./waterfall_writeups/1_Bridalveil_Fall/introduction-bridalveil-fall.html</Introduction_Body>
        <Directions_Body>Text from ./waterfall_writeups/1_Bridalveil_Fall/directions-bridalveil-fall.html</Directions_Body>
    </Row>
    <Row>
        <Entry_No>52</Entry_No>
        <Waterfall_Name>Switzer Falls</Waterfall_Name>
        <File_directory>./waterfall_writeups/52_Switzer_Falls/</File_directory>
        <Introduction>introduction-switzer-falls.html</Introduction>
        <Directions>directions-switzer-falls.html</Directions>
        <Introduction_Body>Text from ./waterfall_writeups/52_Switzer_Falls/introduction-switzer-falls.html</Introduction_Body>
        <Directions_Body>Text from ./waterfall_writeups/52_Switzer_Falls/directions-switzer-falls.html</Directions_Body>
    </Row>
</Root>

但我最终得到的是：

<Root xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
    <Row>
        <Entry_No>1</Entry_No>
        <Waterfall_Name>Bridalveil Fall</Waterfall_Name>
        <File_directory>./waterfall_writeups/1_Bridalveil_Fall/</File_directory>
        <Introduction>introduction-bridalveil-fall.html</Introduction>
        <Directions>directions-bridalveil-fall.html</Directions>
        <Introduction_Body>Text from ./waterfall_writeups/52_Switzer_Falls/introduction-switzer-falls.html</Introduction_Body>
        <Directions_Body>Text from ./waterfall_writeups/52_Switzer_Falls/directions-switzer-falls.html</Directions_Body>
    </Row>
    <Row>
        <Entry_No>52</Entry_No>
        <Waterfall_Name>Switzer Falls</Waterfall_Name>
        <File_directory>./waterfall_writeups/52_Switzer_Falls/</File_directory>
        <Introduction>introduction-switzer-falls.html</Introduction>
        <Directions>directions-switzer-falls.html</Directions>
        <Introduction_Body>Text from ./waterfall_writeups/52_Switzer_Falls/introduction-switzer-falls.html</Introduction_Body>
        <Directions_Body>Text from ./waterfall_writeups/52_Switzer_Falls/directions-switzer-falls.html</Directions_Body>
    </Row>
</Root>

顺便说一句，有没有什么方法可以在不将所有内容都打印在一行上（为了便于阅读）的情况下引入 body 标签的内容？

Answer 1

第一个 for 循环遍历文档的 Row 元素，为 directory、introduction 和 directions 变量分配新值分别在每次迭代中以最后出现的 Row 元素的值结束。

我会做的是创建一个字典来将标签名称映射到文本内容，然后使用该映射动态添加新的子元素。示例（不读取引用文件）：

for row in root:
    elements = {}
    for node in row:
        elements[node.tag] = node.text

    directory = elements['File_directory']

    intro_tree = directory + elements['Introduction']
    intro_body = ET.SubElement(row, 'Introduction_Body')
    intro_body.text = 'Text from %s' % intro_tree

    directions_tree = directory + elements['Directions']
    directions_body = ET.SubElement(row, 'Directions_Body')
    directions_body.text = 'Text from %s' % directions_tree

如何将文件中的文本插入新的 XML 标签

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