Flask_SQLAlchemy、MySQL、瑞典语大字符 å、ä、ö？
Flask_SQLAlchemy, MySQL, store Swedish characters å, ä, ö?
我无法使用 Flask_SQLAlchemy 在 MySQL 中存储瑞典语字符 :( 我已经尝试了一个星期的解决方案，我真的需要帮助，因为我觉得我有走到了死胡同。我认为我的工具的版本兼容性可能有问题，但我不希望如此！我正在尝试使用 Flask 构建网站，Flask_SQLAlchemy 和 MySQL ( 5.5.3). 如果这无法解决，我正在考虑将 Flask_SQLAlchemy 更改为其他内容..
（我已经上了一门编程课程（Python），其余的都是我自己想的，所以如果你能在你的答案中尽可能详细，我会很高兴，也非常感谢你的任何建议！）
(competeEnv) C:\>conda list
# packages in environment at C:\Users\MyName\Anaconda3.1\envs\competeEnv:
#
click 6.6 py27_0
flask 0.11.1 py27_0
Flask-SQLAlchemy 2.1 <pip>
itsdangerous 0.24 py27_0
jinja2 2.8 py27_1
markupsafe 0.23 py27_2
mysql-python 1.2.5 py27_0
pip 9.0.1 py27_0
python 2.7.12 0
setuptools 27.2.0 py27_1
sqlalchemy 1.1.4 py27_0
vs2008_runtime 9.00.30729.1 2
werkzeug 0.11.11 py27_0
wheel 0.29.0 py27_0
(competeEnv) C:\>
这是 testAlchemy.py 文件中的代码
from flask import Flask
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
app=Flask(__name__)
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = 'mysql://root:myPassword@myServer/firstdb'
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_ECHO'] = False
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS']=True
app.config['MYSQL_DATABASE_CHARSET'] = 'utf8mb4'
db = SQLAlchemy(app)
class Users(db.Model):
__tablename__='users'
id=db.Column('iduser', db.Integer, primary_key=True)
name=db.Column('column_name', db.String(193))
def __init__(self, name):
self.name=name
def __repr__(self):
return self.name
db.create_all()
db.session.commit()
president1=Users('Obama')
president2=Users('Trump')
db.session.add(president1)
db.session.add(president2)
db.session.commit()
这里应该有一些提示..
(competeEnv) C:\Users\MyName\Anaconda3.1\envs>python
Python 2.7.12 |Continuum Analytics, Inc.| (default, Jun 29 2016, 11:07:13)[MSC v.1500 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
Anaconda is brought to you by Continuum Analytics.
Please check out: http://continuum.io/thanks and https://anaconda.org
>>> from testAlchemy import Users, db
>>> db.session.add(Users('Federer'))
>>> db.session.commit()
>>> Users.query.all()
[Obama, Trump, Federer]
>>> db.session.add(Users('ä'))
>>> db.session.commit()
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "C:\Users\MyName\Anaconda3.1\envs\competeEnv\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\orm\scoping.py", line 157, in do
return getattr(self.registry(), name)(*args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\MyName\Anaconda3.1\envs\competeEnv\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\orm\session.py", line 801, in commit
self.transaction.commit()
File "C:\Users\MyName\Anaconda3.1\envs\competeEnv\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\orm\session.py", line 392, in commit
self._prepare_impl()
File "C:\Users\MyName\Anaconda3.1\envs\competeEnv\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\orm\session.py", line 372, in _prepare_impl
self.session.flush()
File "C:\Users\MyName\Anaconda3.1\envs\competeEnv\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\orm\session.py", line 2019, in flush
self._flush(objects)
File "C:\Users\MyName\Anaconda3.1\envs\competeEnv\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\orm\session.py", line 2137, in _flush
transaction.rollback(_capture_exception=True)
File "C:\Users\MyName\Anaconda3.1\envs\competeEnv\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\util\langhelpers.py", line 60, in __exit__
compat.reraise(exc_type, exc_value, exc_tb)
File "C:\Users\MyName\Anaconda3.1\envs\competeEnv\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\orm\session.py", line 2101, in _flush
flush_context.execute()
File "C:\Users\MyName\Anaconda3.1\envs\competeEnv\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\orm\unitofwork.py", line 373, in execute
rec.execute(self)
File "C:\Users\MyName\Anaconda3.1\envs\competeEnv\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\orm\unitofwork.py", line 532, in execute
uow
File "C:\Users\MyName\Anaconda3.1\envs\competeEnv\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\orm\persistence.py", line 174, in save_obj
mapper, table, insert)
File "C:\Users\MyName\Anaconda3.1\envs\competeEnv\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\orm\persistence.py", line 800, in _emit_insert_statements
execute(statement, params)
File "C:\Users\MyName\Anaconda3.1\envs\competeEnv\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\engine\base.py", line 914, in execute
return meth(self, multiparams, params)
File "C:\Users\MyName\Anaconda3.1\envs\competeEnv\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\sql\elements.py", line 323, in _execute_on_connection
return connection._execute_clauseelement(self, multiparams, params)
File "C:\Users\MyName\Anaconda3.1\envs\competeEnv\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\engine\base.py", line 1010, in _execute_clauseelement
compiled_sql, distilled_params
File "C:\Users\MyName\Anaconda3.1\envs\competeEnv\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\engine\base.py", line 1146, in _execute_context
context)
File "C:\Users\MyName\Anaconda3.1\envs\competeEnv\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\engine\base.py", line 1341, in _handle_dbapi_exception
exc_info
File "C:\Users\MyName\Anaconda3.1\envs\competeEnv\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\util\compat.py", line 202, in raise_from_cause
reraise(type(exception), exception, tb=exc_tb, cause=cause)
File "C:\Users\MyName\Anaconda3.1\envs\competeEnv\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\engine\base.py", line 1139, in _execute_context
context)
File "C:\Users\MyName\Anaconda3.1\envs\competeEnv\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\engine\default.py", line 450, in do_execute
cursor.execute(statement, parameters)
File "C:\Users\MyName\Anaconda3.1\envs\competeEnv\lib\site-packages\MySQLdb\cursors.py", line 205, in execute
self.errorhandler(self, exc, value)
File "C:\Users\MyName\Anaconda3.1\envs\competeEnv\lib\site-packages\MySQLdb\connections.py", line 36, in defaulterrorhandler
raise errorclass, errorvalue
sqlalchemy.exc.OperationalError: (_mysql_exceptions.OperationalError) (1366, "Incorrect string value: '\x84' for column 'column_name' at row 1") [SQL: u'INSERT INTO users (column_name) VALUES (%s)'] [parameters: ('\x84',)]
>>>
由于您使用的是 Python 2.7，因此您需要指定您的字符串包含 unicode。
>>> db.session.add(Users(u'ä'))
您还可以使用未来的导入将所有字符串视为 unicode。
from __future__ import unicode_literals
或者您可以升级 Python 的版本。 2.7 是最后一个将字符串视为字节而不是 unicode 的版本。
编辑
您还需要更新 __repr__ 以便它正确处理 unicode。
def __repr__(self):
return self.name.decode('utf-8')
或您要使用的任何编码。
一般来说，您需要确保处理 unicode 的编码和解码。我无法敦促您考虑使用更新版本的 Python。 Python 3 中最大的变化之一解决了这个问题。
在使用UTF-8字符时，尽量避免任何类型的encode/decode；这只是掩盖了真正的问题，通常在某处的配置中。
我对 sqlalchemy 的笔记：
db_url = sqlalchemy.engine.url.URL(drivername='mysql', host=foo.db_host,
database=db_schema,
query={ 'read_default_file' : foo.db_config, 'charset': 'utf8' })
json.dumps(mydict, ensure_ascii=False) avoids "\u...." strings.
https://docs.sqlalchemy.org/en/latest/dialects/mysql.html#mysql-unicode
Python 2.7 比较老，和 3 的区别看这个：
Python utf8 提示：http://mysql.rjweb.org/doc.php/charcoll#python
我无法使用 Flask_SQLAlchemy 在 MySQL 中存储瑞典语字符 :( 我已经尝试了一个星期的解决方案，我真的需要帮助，因为我觉得我有走到了死胡同。我认为我的工具的版本兼容性可能有问题，但我不希望如此！我正在尝试使用 Flask 构建网站，Flask_SQLAlchemy 和 MySQL ( 5.5.3). 如果这无法解决，我正在考虑将 Flask_SQLAlchemy 更改为其他内容.. （我已经上了一门编程课程（Python），其余的都是我自己想的，所以如果你能在你的答案中尽可能详细，我会很高兴，也非常感谢你的任何建议！）
(competeEnv) C:\>conda list
# packages in environment at C:\Users\MyName\Anaconda3.1\envs\competeEnv:
#
click 6.6 py27_0
flask 0.11.1 py27_0
Flask-SQLAlchemy 2.1 <pip>
itsdangerous 0.24 py27_0
jinja2 2.8 py27_1
markupsafe 0.23 py27_2
mysql-python 1.2.5 py27_0
pip 9.0.1 py27_0
python 2.7.12 0
setuptools 27.2.0 py27_1
sqlalchemy 1.1.4 py27_0
vs2008_runtime 9.00.30729.1 2
werkzeug 0.11.11 py27_0
wheel 0.29.0 py27_0
(competeEnv) C:\>
这是 testAlchemy.py 文件中的代码
from flask import Flask
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
app=Flask(__name__)
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = 'mysql://root:myPassword@myServer/firstdb'
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_ECHO'] = False
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS']=True
app.config['MYSQL_DATABASE_CHARSET'] = 'utf8mb4'
db = SQLAlchemy(app)
class Users(db.Model):
__tablename__='users'
id=db.Column('iduser', db.Integer, primary_key=True)
name=db.Column('column_name', db.String(193))
def __init__(self, name):
self.name=name
def __repr__(self):
return self.name
db.create_all()
db.session.commit()
president1=Users('Obama')
president2=Users('Trump')
db.session.add(president1)
db.session.add(president2)
db.session.commit()
这里应该有一些提示..
(competeEnv) C:\Users\MyName\Anaconda3.1\envs>python
Python 2.7.12 |Continuum Analytics, Inc.| (default, Jun 29 2016, 11:07:13)[MSC v.1500 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
Anaconda is brought to you by Continuum Analytics.
Please check out: http://continuum.io/thanks and https://anaconda.org
>>> from testAlchemy import Users, db
>>> db.session.add(Users('Federer'))
>>> db.session.commit()
>>> Users.query.all()
[Obama, Trump, Federer]
>>> db.session.add(Users('ä'))
>>> db.session.commit()
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "C:\Users\MyName\Anaconda3.1\envs\competeEnv\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\orm\scoping.py", line 157, in do
return getattr(self.registry(), name)(*args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\MyName\Anaconda3.1\envs\competeEnv\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\orm\session.py", line 801, in commit
self.transaction.commit()
File "C:\Users\MyName\Anaconda3.1\envs\competeEnv\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\orm\session.py", line 392, in commit
self._prepare_impl()
File "C:\Users\MyName\Anaconda3.1\envs\competeEnv\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\orm\session.py", line 372, in _prepare_impl
self.session.flush()
File "C:\Users\MyName\Anaconda3.1\envs\competeEnv\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\orm\session.py", line 2019, in flush
self._flush(objects)
File "C:\Users\MyName\Anaconda3.1\envs\competeEnv\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\orm\session.py", line 2137, in _flush
transaction.rollback(_capture_exception=True)
File "C:\Users\MyName\Anaconda3.1\envs\competeEnv\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\util\langhelpers.py", line 60, in __exit__
compat.reraise(exc_type, exc_value, exc_tb)
File "C:\Users\MyName\Anaconda3.1\envs\competeEnv\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\orm\session.py", line 2101, in _flush
flush_context.execute()
File "C:\Users\MyName\Anaconda3.1\envs\competeEnv\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\orm\unitofwork.py", line 373, in execute
rec.execute(self)
File "C:\Users\MyName\Anaconda3.1\envs\competeEnv\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\orm\unitofwork.py", line 532, in execute
uow
File "C:\Users\MyName\Anaconda3.1\envs\competeEnv\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\orm\persistence.py", line 174, in save_obj
mapper, table, insert)
File "C:\Users\MyName\Anaconda3.1\envs\competeEnv\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\orm\persistence.py", line 800, in _emit_insert_statements
execute(statement, params)
File "C:\Users\MyName\Anaconda3.1\envs\competeEnv\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\engine\base.py", line 914, in execute
return meth(self, multiparams, params)
File "C:\Users\MyName\Anaconda3.1\envs\competeEnv\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\sql\elements.py", line 323, in _execute_on_connection
return connection._execute_clauseelement(self, multiparams, params)
File "C:\Users\MyName\Anaconda3.1\envs\competeEnv\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\engine\base.py", line 1010, in _execute_clauseelement
compiled_sql, distilled_params
File "C:\Users\MyName\Anaconda3.1\envs\competeEnv\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\engine\base.py", line 1146, in _execute_context
context)
File "C:\Users\MyName\Anaconda3.1\envs\competeEnv\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\engine\base.py", line 1341, in _handle_dbapi_exception
exc_info
File "C:\Users\MyName\Anaconda3.1\envs\competeEnv\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\util\compat.py", line 202, in raise_from_cause
reraise(type(exception), exception, tb=exc_tb, cause=cause)
File "C:\Users\MyName\Anaconda3.1\envs\competeEnv\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\engine\base.py", line 1139, in _execute_context
context)
File "C:\Users\MyName\Anaconda3.1\envs\competeEnv\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\engine\default.py", line 450, in do_execute
cursor.execute(statement, parameters)
File "C:\Users\MyName\Anaconda3.1\envs\competeEnv\lib\site-packages\MySQLdb\cursors.py", line 205, in execute
self.errorhandler(self, exc, value)
File "C:\Users\MyName\Anaconda3.1\envs\competeEnv\lib\site-packages\MySQLdb\connections.py", line 36, in defaulterrorhandler
raise errorclass, errorvalue
sqlalchemy.exc.OperationalError: (_mysql_exceptions.OperationalError) (1366, "Incorrect string value: '\x84' for column 'column_name' at row 1") [SQL: u'INSERT INTO users (column_name) VALUES (%s)'] [parameters: ('\x84',)]
>>>
由于您使用的是 Python 2.7，因此您需要指定您的字符串包含 unicode。
>>> db.session.add(Users(u'ä'))
您还可以使用未来的导入将所有字符串视为 unicode。
from __future__ import unicode_literals
或者您可以升级 Python 的版本。 2.7 是最后一个将字符串视为字节而不是 unicode 的版本。
编辑
您还需要更新 __repr__ 以便它正确处理 unicode。
def __repr__(self):
return self.name.decode('utf-8')
或您要使用的任何编码。
一般来说，您需要确保处理 unicode 的编码和解码。我无法敦促您考虑使用更新版本的 Python。 Python 3 中最大的变化之一解决了这个问题。
在使用UTF-8字符时，尽量避免任何类型的encode/decode；这只是掩盖了真正的问题，通常在某处的配置中。
我对 sqlalchemy 的笔记：
db_url = sqlalchemy.engine.url.URL(drivername='mysql', host=foo.db_host,
database=db_schema,
query={ 'read_default_file' : foo.db_config, 'charset': 'utf8' })
json.dumps(mydict, ensure_ascii=False) avoids "\u...." strings.
https://docs.sqlalchemy.org/en/latest/dialects/mysql.html#mysql-unicode
Python 2.7 比较老，和 3 的区别看这个：
Python utf8 提示：http://mysql.rjweb.org/doc.php/charcoll#python