wdio ERROR: Cannot read property 'StepDefinition' of undefined
wdio ERROR: Cannot read property 'StepDefinition' of undefined
我刚刚安装了 webdriverio 并 wdio config 设置了 cucumber。一旦我添加了一个功能文件（空白或其他）和 运行 wdio，我就会收到以下错误。如何消除错误？
$ ./node_modules/.bin/wdio
ERROR: Cannot read property 'StepDefinition' of undefined
firefox
Type at new CucumberAdapter (/Users/Sel/Documents/projects/learncukewdio/node_modules/wdio-cucumber-framework/build/adapter.js:227:55)
at Object.callee[=10=][=10=]$ (/Users/Sel/Documents/projects/learncukewdio/node_modules/wdio-cucumber-framework/build/adapter.js:416:27)
at tryCatch (/Users/Sel/Documents/projects/learncukewdio/node_modules/wdio-cucumber-framework/node_modules/babel-runtime/regenerator/runtime.js:72:40)
at GeneratorFunctionPrototype.invoke [as _invoke] (/Users/Sel/Documents/projects/learncukewdio/node_modules/wdio-cucumber-framework/node_modules/babel-runtime/regenerator/runtime.js:334:22)
at GeneratorFunctionPrototype.prototype.(anonymous function) [as next] (/Users/Sel/Documents/projects/learncukewdio/node_modules/wdio-cucumber-framework/node_modules/babel-runtime/regenerator/runtime.js:105:21)
at tryCatch (/Users/Sel/Documents/projects/learncukewdio/node_modules/wdio-cucumber-framework/node_modules/babel-runtime/regenerator/runtime.js:72:40)
at invoke (/Users/Sel/Documents/projects/learncukewdio/node_modules/wdio-cucumber-framework/node_modules/babel-runtime/regenerator/runtime.js:146:20)
at /Users/Sel/Documents/projects/learncukewdio/node_modules/wdio-cucumber-framework/node_modules/babel-runtime/regenerator/runtime.js:191:11
at Promise.F (/Users/Sel/Documents/projects/learncukewdio/node_modules/wdio-cucumber-framework/node_modules/core-js/library/modules/$.export.js:30:36)
at callInvokeWithMethodAndArg (/Users/Sel/Documents/projects/learncukewdio/node_modules/wdio-cucumber-framework/node_modules/babel-runtime/regenerator/runtime.js:190:16)
at AsyncIterator.enqueue (/Users/Sel/Documents/projects/learncukewdio/node_modules/wdio-cucumber-framework/node_modules/babel-runtime/regenerator/runtime.js:211:37)
at AsyncIterator.prototype.(anonymous function) [as next] (/Users/Sel/Documents/projects/learncukewdio/node_modules/wdio-cucumber-framework/node_modules/babel-runtime/regenerator/runtime.js:105:21)
at Object.runtime.async (/Users/Sel/Documents/projects/learncukewdio/node_modules/wdio-cucumber-framework/node_modules/babel-runtime/regenerator/runtime.js:228:12)
at Object.callee[=10=][=10=] [as run] (/Users/Sel/Documents/projects/learncukewdio/node_modules/wdio-cucumber-framework/build/adapter.js:413:32)
at Runner._callee$ (/Users/Sel/Documents/projects/learncukewdio/node_modules/webdriverio/build/lib/runner.js:228:55)
at tryCatch (/Users/Sel/Documents/projects/learncukewdio/node_modules/regenerator-runtime/runtime.js:63:40)
这是生成的wdio.conf.js文件
exports.config = {
//
// ==================
// Specify Test Files
// ==================
// Define which test specs should run. The pattern is relative to the directory
// from which `wdio` was called. Notice that, if you are calling `wdio` from an
// NPM script (see https://docs.npmjs.com/cli/run-script) then the current working
// directory is where your package.json resides, so `wdio` will be called from there.
//
specs: [
'./features/**/*.feature'
],
// Patterns to exclude.
exclude: [
// 'path/to/excluded/files'
],
//
// ============
// Capabilities
// ============
// Define your capabilities here. WebdriverIO can run multiple capabilities at the same
// time. Depending on the number of capabilities, WebdriverIO launches several test
// sessions. Within your capabilities you can overwrite the spec and exclude options in
// order to group specific specs to a specific capability.
//
// First, you can define how many instances should be started at the same time. Let's
// say you have 3 different capabilities (Chrome, Firefox, and Safari) and you have
// set maxInstances to 1; wdio will spawn 3 processes. Therefore, if you have 10 spec
// files and you set maxInstances to 10, all spec files will get tested at the same time
// and 30 processes will get spawned. The property handles how many capabilities
// from the same test should run tests.
//
maxInstances: 10,
//
// If you have trouble getting all important capabilities together, check out the
// Sauce Labs platform configurator - a great tool to configure your capabilities:
// https://docs.saucelabs.com/reference/platforms-configurator
//
capabilities: [{
// maxInstances can get overwritten per capability. So if you have an in-house Selenium
// grid with only 5 firefox instances available you can make sure that not more than
// 5 instances get started at a time.
maxInstances: 5,
//
browserName: 'firefox'
}],
//
// ===================
// Test Configurations
// ===================
// Define all options that are relevant for the WebdriverIO instance here
//
// By default WebdriverIO commands are executed in a synchronous way using
// the wdio-sync package. If you still want to run your tests in an async way
// e.g. using promises you can set the sync option to false.
sync: true,
//
// Level of logging verbosity: silent | verbose | command | data | result | error
logLevel: 'silent',
//
// Enables colors for log output.
coloredLogs: true,
//
// Saves a screenshot to a given path if a command fails.
screenshotPath: './errorShots/',
//
// Set a base URL in order to shorten url command calls. If your url parameter starts
// with "/", then the base url gets prepended.
baseUrl: 'http://google.com',
//
// Default timeout for all waitFor* commands.
waitforTimeout: 10000,
//
// Default timeout in milliseconds for request
// if Selenium Grid doesn't send response
connectionRetryTimeout: 90000,
//
// Default request retries count
connectionRetryCount: 3,
//
// Initialize the browser instance with a WebdriverIO plugin. The object should have the
// plugin name as key and the desired plugin options as properties. Make sure you have
// the plugin installed before running any tests. The following plugins are currently
// available:
// WebdriverCSS: https://github.com/webdriverio/webdrivercss
// WebdriverRTC: https://github.com/webdriverio/webdriverrtc
// Browserevent: https://github.com/webdriverio/browserevent
// plugins: {
// webdrivercss: {
// screenshotRoot: 'my-shots',
// failedComparisonsRoot: 'diffs',
// misMatchTolerance: 0.05,
// screenWidth: [320,480,640,1024]
// },
// webdriverrtc: {},
// browserevent: {}
// },
//
// Test runner services
// Services take over a specific job you don't want to take care of. They enhance
// your test setup with almost no effort. Unlike plugins, they don't add new
// commands. Instead, they hook themselves up into the test process.
// services: [],//
// Framework you want to run your specs with.
// The following are supported: Mocha, Jasmine, and Cucumber
// see also: http://webdriver.io/guide/testrunner/frameworks.html
//
// Make sure you have the wdio adapter package for the specific framework installed
// before running any tests.
framework: 'cucumber',
//
// Test reporter for stdout.
// The only one supported by default is 'dot'
// see also: http://webdriver.io/guide/testrunner/reporters.html
// reporters: ['dot'],//
// If you are using Cucumber you need to specify the location of your step definitions.
cucumberOpts: {
require: ['./features/step-definitions'], // <string[]> (file/dir) require files before executing features
backtrace: false, // <boolean> show full backtrace for errors
compiler: [], // <string[]> ("extension:module") require files with the given EXTENSION after requiring MODULE (repeatable)
dryRun: false, // <boolean> invoke formatters without executing steps
failFast: false, // <boolean> abort the run on first failure
format: ['pretty'], // <string[]> (type[:path]) specify the output format, optionally supply PATH to redirect formatter output (repeatable)
colors: true, // <boolean> disable colors in formatter output
snippets: true, // <boolean> hide step definition snippets for pending steps
source: true, // <boolean> hide source uris
profile: [], // <string[]> (name) specify the profile to use
strict: false, // <boolean> fail if there are any undefined or pending steps
tags: [], // <string[]> (expression) only execute the features or scenarios with tags matching the expression
timeout: 20000, // <number> timeout for step definitions
ignoreUndefinedDefinitions: false, // <boolean> Enable this config to treat undefined definitions as warnings.
},
//
// =====
// Hooks
// =====
// WebdriverIO provides several hooks you can use to interfere with the test process in order to enhance
// it and to build services around it. You can either apply a single function or an array of
// methods to it. If one of them returns with a promise, WebdriverIO will wait until that promise got
// resolved to continue.
//
// Gets executed once before all workers get launched.
// onPrepare: function (config, capabilities) {
// },
//
// Gets executed before test execution begins. At this point you can access all global
// variables, such as `browser`. It is the perfect place to define custom commands.
// before: function (capabilities, specs) {
// },
//
// Hook that gets executed before the suite starts
// beforeSuite: function (suite) {
// },
//
// Hook that gets executed _before_ a hook within the suite starts (e.g. runs before calling
// beforeEach in Mocha)
// beforeHook: function () {
// },
//
// Hook that gets executed _after_ a hook within the suite starts (e.g. runs after calling
// afterEach in Mocha)
// afterHook: function () {
// },
//
// Function to be executed before a test (in Mocha/Jasmine) or a step (in Cucumber) starts.
// beforeTest: function (test) {
// },
//
// Runs before a WebdriverIO command gets executed.
// beforeCommand: function (commandName, args) {
// },
//
// Runs after a WebdriverIO command gets executed
// afterCommand: function (commandName, args, result, error) {
// },
//
// Function to be executed after a test (in Mocha/Jasmine) or a step (in Cucumber) starts.
// afterTest: function (test) {
// },
//
// Hook that gets executed after the suite has ended
// afterSuite: function (suite) {
// },
//
// Gets executed after all tests are done. You still have access to all global variables from
// the test.
// after: function (result, capabilities, specs) {
// },
//
// Gets executed after all workers got shut down and the process is about to exit. It is not
// possible to defer the end of the process using a promise.
// onComplete: function(exitCode) {
// }
}
问题似乎是因为我安装了 Webdriver-io 不支持的 cucumber 版本。 Webdriver-io 想要 1.3.1 而我有 2.0.
我刚刚安装了 webdriverio 并 wdio config 设置了 cucumber。一旦我添加了一个功能文件（空白或其他）和 运行 wdio，我就会收到以下错误。如何消除错误？
$ ./node_modules/.bin/wdio
ERROR: Cannot read property 'StepDefinition' of undefined
firefox
Type at new CucumberAdapter (/Users/Sel/Documents/projects/learncukewdio/node_modules/wdio-cucumber-framework/build/adapter.js:227:55)
at Object.callee[=10=][=10=]$ (/Users/Sel/Documents/projects/learncukewdio/node_modules/wdio-cucumber-framework/build/adapter.js:416:27)
at tryCatch (/Users/Sel/Documents/projects/learncukewdio/node_modules/wdio-cucumber-framework/node_modules/babel-runtime/regenerator/runtime.js:72:40)
at GeneratorFunctionPrototype.invoke [as _invoke] (/Users/Sel/Documents/projects/learncukewdio/node_modules/wdio-cucumber-framework/node_modules/babel-runtime/regenerator/runtime.js:334:22)
at GeneratorFunctionPrototype.prototype.(anonymous function) [as next] (/Users/Sel/Documents/projects/learncukewdio/node_modules/wdio-cucumber-framework/node_modules/babel-runtime/regenerator/runtime.js:105:21)
at tryCatch (/Users/Sel/Documents/projects/learncukewdio/node_modules/wdio-cucumber-framework/node_modules/babel-runtime/regenerator/runtime.js:72:40)
at invoke (/Users/Sel/Documents/projects/learncukewdio/node_modules/wdio-cucumber-framework/node_modules/babel-runtime/regenerator/runtime.js:146:20)
at /Users/Sel/Documents/projects/learncukewdio/node_modules/wdio-cucumber-framework/node_modules/babel-runtime/regenerator/runtime.js:191:11
at Promise.F (/Users/Sel/Documents/projects/learncukewdio/node_modules/wdio-cucumber-framework/node_modules/core-js/library/modules/$.export.js:30:36)
at callInvokeWithMethodAndArg (/Users/Sel/Documents/projects/learncukewdio/node_modules/wdio-cucumber-framework/node_modules/babel-runtime/regenerator/runtime.js:190:16)
at AsyncIterator.enqueue (/Users/Sel/Documents/projects/learncukewdio/node_modules/wdio-cucumber-framework/node_modules/babel-runtime/regenerator/runtime.js:211:37)
at AsyncIterator.prototype.(anonymous function) [as next] (/Users/Sel/Documents/projects/learncukewdio/node_modules/wdio-cucumber-framework/node_modules/babel-runtime/regenerator/runtime.js:105:21)
at Object.runtime.async (/Users/Sel/Documents/projects/learncukewdio/node_modules/wdio-cucumber-framework/node_modules/babel-runtime/regenerator/runtime.js:228:12)
at Object.callee[=10=][=10=] [as run] (/Users/Sel/Documents/projects/learncukewdio/node_modules/wdio-cucumber-framework/build/adapter.js:413:32)
at Runner._callee$ (/Users/Sel/Documents/projects/learncukewdio/node_modules/webdriverio/build/lib/runner.js:228:55)
at tryCatch (/Users/Sel/Documents/projects/learncukewdio/node_modules/regenerator-runtime/runtime.js:63:40)
这是生成的wdio.conf.js文件
exports.config = {
//
// ==================
// Specify Test Files
// ==================
// Define which test specs should run. The pattern is relative to the directory
// from which `wdio` was called. Notice that, if you are calling `wdio` from an
// NPM script (see https://docs.npmjs.com/cli/run-script) then the current working
// directory is where your package.json resides, so `wdio` will be called from there.
//
specs: [
'./features/**/*.feature'
],
// Patterns to exclude.
exclude: [
// 'path/to/excluded/files'
],
//
// ============
// Capabilities
// ============
// Define your capabilities here. WebdriverIO can run multiple capabilities at the same
// time. Depending on the number of capabilities, WebdriverIO launches several test
// sessions. Within your capabilities you can overwrite the spec and exclude options in
// order to group specific specs to a specific capability.
//
// First, you can define how many instances should be started at the same time. Let's
// say you have 3 different capabilities (Chrome, Firefox, and Safari) and you have
// set maxInstances to 1; wdio will spawn 3 processes. Therefore, if you have 10 spec
// files and you set maxInstances to 10, all spec files will get tested at the same time
// and 30 processes will get spawned. The property handles how many capabilities
// from the same test should run tests.
//
maxInstances: 10,
//
// If you have trouble getting all important capabilities together, check out the
// Sauce Labs platform configurator - a great tool to configure your capabilities:
// https://docs.saucelabs.com/reference/platforms-configurator
//
capabilities: [{
// maxInstances can get overwritten per capability. So if you have an in-house Selenium
// grid with only 5 firefox instances available you can make sure that not more than
// 5 instances get started at a time.
maxInstances: 5,
//
browserName: 'firefox'
}],
//
// ===================
// Test Configurations
// ===================
// Define all options that are relevant for the WebdriverIO instance here
//
// By default WebdriverIO commands are executed in a synchronous way using
// the wdio-sync package. If you still want to run your tests in an async way
// e.g. using promises you can set the sync option to false.
sync: true,
//
// Level of logging verbosity: silent | verbose | command | data | result | error
logLevel: 'silent',
//
// Enables colors for log output.
coloredLogs: true,
//
// Saves a screenshot to a given path if a command fails.
screenshotPath: './errorShots/',
//
// Set a base URL in order to shorten url command calls. If your url parameter starts
// with "/", then the base url gets prepended.
baseUrl: 'http://google.com',
//
// Default timeout for all waitFor* commands.
waitforTimeout: 10000,
//
// Default timeout in milliseconds for request
// if Selenium Grid doesn't send response
connectionRetryTimeout: 90000,
//
// Default request retries count
connectionRetryCount: 3,
//
// Initialize the browser instance with a WebdriverIO plugin. The object should have the
// plugin name as key and the desired plugin options as properties. Make sure you have
// the plugin installed before running any tests. The following plugins are currently
// available:
// WebdriverCSS: https://github.com/webdriverio/webdrivercss
// WebdriverRTC: https://github.com/webdriverio/webdriverrtc
// Browserevent: https://github.com/webdriverio/browserevent
// plugins: {
// webdrivercss: {
// screenshotRoot: 'my-shots',
// failedComparisonsRoot: 'diffs',
// misMatchTolerance: 0.05,
// screenWidth: [320,480,640,1024]
// },
// webdriverrtc: {},
// browserevent: {}
// },
//
// Test runner services
// Services take over a specific job you don't want to take care of. They enhance
// your test setup with almost no effort. Unlike plugins, they don't add new
// commands. Instead, they hook themselves up into the test process.
// services: [],//
// Framework you want to run your specs with.
// The following are supported: Mocha, Jasmine, and Cucumber
// see also: http://webdriver.io/guide/testrunner/frameworks.html
//
// Make sure you have the wdio adapter package for the specific framework installed
// before running any tests.
framework: 'cucumber',
//
// Test reporter for stdout.
// The only one supported by default is 'dot'
// see also: http://webdriver.io/guide/testrunner/reporters.html
// reporters: ['dot'],//
// If you are using Cucumber you need to specify the location of your step definitions.
cucumberOpts: {
require: ['./features/step-definitions'], // <string[]> (file/dir) require files before executing features
backtrace: false, // <boolean> show full backtrace for errors
compiler: [], // <string[]> ("extension:module") require files with the given EXTENSION after requiring MODULE (repeatable)
dryRun: false, // <boolean> invoke formatters without executing steps
failFast: false, // <boolean> abort the run on first failure
format: ['pretty'], // <string[]> (type[:path]) specify the output format, optionally supply PATH to redirect formatter output (repeatable)
colors: true, // <boolean> disable colors in formatter output
snippets: true, // <boolean> hide step definition snippets for pending steps
source: true, // <boolean> hide source uris
profile: [], // <string[]> (name) specify the profile to use
strict: false, // <boolean> fail if there are any undefined or pending steps
tags: [], // <string[]> (expression) only execute the features or scenarios with tags matching the expression
timeout: 20000, // <number> timeout for step definitions
ignoreUndefinedDefinitions: false, // <boolean> Enable this config to treat undefined definitions as warnings.
},
//
// =====
// Hooks
// =====
// WebdriverIO provides several hooks you can use to interfere with the test process in order to enhance
// it and to build services around it. You can either apply a single function or an array of
// methods to it. If one of them returns with a promise, WebdriverIO will wait until that promise got
// resolved to continue.
//
// Gets executed once before all workers get launched.
// onPrepare: function (config, capabilities) {
// },
//
// Gets executed before test execution begins. At this point you can access all global
// variables, such as `browser`. It is the perfect place to define custom commands.
// before: function (capabilities, specs) {
// },
//
// Hook that gets executed before the suite starts
// beforeSuite: function (suite) {
// },
//
// Hook that gets executed _before_ a hook within the suite starts (e.g. runs before calling
// beforeEach in Mocha)
// beforeHook: function () {
// },
//
// Hook that gets executed _after_ a hook within the suite starts (e.g. runs after calling
// afterEach in Mocha)
// afterHook: function () {
// },
//
// Function to be executed before a test (in Mocha/Jasmine) or a step (in Cucumber) starts.
// beforeTest: function (test) {
// },
//
// Runs before a WebdriverIO command gets executed.
// beforeCommand: function (commandName, args) {
// },
//
// Runs after a WebdriverIO command gets executed
// afterCommand: function (commandName, args, result, error) {
// },
//
// Function to be executed after a test (in Mocha/Jasmine) or a step (in Cucumber) starts.
// afterTest: function (test) {
// },
//
// Hook that gets executed after the suite has ended
// afterSuite: function (suite) {
// },
//
// Gets executed after all tests are done. You still have access to all global variables from
// the test.
// after: function (result, capabilities, specs) {
// },
//
// Gets executed after all workers got shut down and the process is about to exit. It is not
// possible to defer the end of the process using a promise.
// onComplete: function(exitCode) {
// }
}
问题似乎是因为我安装了 Webdriver-io 不支持的 cucumber 版本。 Webdriver-io 想要 1.3.1 而我有 2.0.