如何在 Apache Spark 中使用 DStream 进行特征提取

How to use feature extraction with DStream in Apache Spark

我有通过 DStream 从 Kafka 到达的数据。我想做特征抽取,得到一些关键词。

我不想等待所有数据的到达(因为它应该是可能永远不会结束的连续流),所以我希望以块的形式执行提取 - 准确性对我来说并不重要会有点吃亏。

到目前为止,我整理了类似的东西:

def extractKeywords(stream: DStream[Data]): Unit = {

  val spark: SparkSession = SparkSession.builder.getOrCreate

  val streamWithWords: DStream[(Data, Seq[String])] = stream map extractWordsFromData

  val streamWithFeatures: DStream[(Data, Array[String])] = streamWithWords transform extractFeatures(spark) _

  val streamWithKeywords: DStream[DataWithKeywords] = streamWithFeatures map addKeywordsToData

  streamWithFeatures.print()
}

def extractFeatures(spark: SparkSession)
                   (rdd: RDD[(Data, Seq[String])]): RDD[(Data, Array[String])] = {

  val df = spark.createDataFrame(rdd).toDF("data", "words")

  val hashingTF = new HashingTF().setInputCol("words").setOutputCol("rawFeatures").setNumFeatures(numOfFeatures)
  val rawFeatures = hashingTF.transform(df)

  val idf = new IDF().setInputCol("rawFeatures").setOutputCol("features")
  val idfModel = idf.fit(rawFeatures)

  val rescaledData = idfModel.transform(rawFeature)

  import spark.implicits._
  rescaledData.select("data", "features").as[(Data, Array[String])].rdd
}

但是,我收到了 java.lang.IllegalStateException: Haven't seen any document yet. - 我并不感到惊讶,因为我只是想把东西拼凑在一起,而且我明白,因为我不是在等待一些数据的到来,所以生成的模型可能是当我尝试在数据上使用它时为空。

解决这个问题的正确方法是什么?

我使用了评论中的建议并将程序分成 2 次运行:

  • 计算 IDF 模型并将其保存到文件的

    def trainFeatures(idfModelFile: File, rdd: RDD[(String, Seq[String])]) = {
      val session: SparkSession = SparkSession.builder.getOrCreate
    
      val wordsDf = session.createDataFrame(rdd).toDF("data", "words")
    
      val hashingTF = new HashingTF().setInputCol("words").setOutputCol("rawFeatures")
      val featurizedDf = hashingTF.transform(wordsDf)
    
      val idf = new IDF().setInputCol("rawFeatures").setOutputCol("features")
      val idfModel = idf.fit(featurizedDf)
    
      idfModel.write.save(idfModelFile.getAbsolutePath)
    }
    
  • 从文件中读取 IDF 模型并简单地对所有传入信息运行它

    val idfModel = IDFModel.load(idfModelFile.getAbsolutePath)
    
    val documentDf = spark.createDataFrame(rdd).toDF("update", "document")
    
    val tokenizer = new Tokenizer().setInputCol("document").setOutputCol("words")
    val wordsDf = tokenizer.transform(documentDf)
    
    val hashingTF = new HashingTF().setInputCol("words").setOutputCol("rawFeatures")
    val featurizedDf = hashingTF.transform(wordsDf)
    
    val extractor = idfModel.setInputCol("rawFeatures").setOutputCol("features")
    val featuresDf = extractor.transform(featurizedDf)
    
    featuresDf.select("update", "features")