Jacoco 仅在我的系统上失败，出现关于 StringUtils 的奇怪错误
Jacoco fails only on my system with strange error about StringUtils
Jacoco 在尝试测试我的 Web 服务时给我这个错误（我通过任何包含测试阶段的 Maven 目标得到它）：
$ mvn package
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building Web Service 1.0
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[INFO] Compiling 6 source files to C:\git\myproject\target\classes
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ myproject ---
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory C:\git\myproject\src\test\resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.5.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ myproject ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[INFO] Compiling 2 source files to C:\git\myproject\target\test-classes
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.17:test (default-test) @ myproject ---
[INFO] Tests are skipped.
[INFO]
[INFO] --- jacoco-maven-plugin:0.7.4.201502262128:report (post-unit-test) @ myproject ---
[WARNING] Error initializing: org.codehaus.plexus.velocity.DefaultVelocityComponent@1796b2d4
java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/apache/commons/lang/StringUtils
at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass1(Native Method)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(ClassLoader.java:763)
at java.security.SecureClassLoader.defineClass(SecureClassLoader.java:142)
at java.net.URLClassLoader.defineClass(URLClassLoader.java:467)
at java.net.URLClassLoader.access0(URLClassLoader.java:73)
at java.net.URLClassLoader.run(URLClassLoader.java:368)
at java.net.URLClassLoader.run(URLClassLoader.java:362)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:361)
at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.realm.ClassRealm.loadClassFromSelf(ClassRealm.java:401)
at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.strategy.SelfFirstStrategy.loadClass(SelfFirstStrategy.java:42)
at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.realm.ClassRealm.unsynchronizedLoadClass(ClassRealm.java:271)
at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.realm.ClassRealm.loadClass(ClassRealm.java:247)
at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.realm.ClassRealm.loadClass(ClassRealm.java:239)
at org.apache.velocity.runtime.resource.ResourceManagerImpl.initialize(ResourceManagerImpl.java:165)
at org.apache.velocity.runtime.RuntimeInstance.initializeResourceManager(RuntimeInstance.java:594)
at org.apache.velocity.runtime.RuntimeInstance.init(RuntimeInstance.java:241)
at org.apache.velocity.app.VelocityEngine.init(VelocityEngine.java:116)
at org.codehaus.plexus.velocity.DefaultVelocityComponent.initialize(DefaultVelocityComponent.java:95)
at org.eclipse.sisu.plexus.PlexusLifecycleManager.initialize(PlexusLifecycleManager.java:303)
at org.eclipse.sisu.plexus.PlexusLifecycleManager.activate(PlexusLifecycleManager.java:207)
at org.eclipse.sisu.bean.BeanScheduler$Pending.activate(BeanScheduler.java:156)
at org.eclipse.sisu.bean.BeanScheduler$Activator.onProvision(BeanScheduler.java:185)
at com.google.inject.internal.ProvisionListenerStackCallback$Provision.provision(ProvisionListenerStackCallback.java:126)
at com.google.inject.internal.ProvisionListenerStackCallback.provision(ProvisionListenerStackCallback.java:68)
at com.google.inject.internal.ProviderInternalFactory.circularGet(ProviderInternalFactory.java:63)
at com.google.inject.internal.InternalFactoryToInitializableAdapter.get(InternalFactoryToInitializableAdapter.java:45)
at com.google.inject.internal.InjectorImpl.call(InjectorImpl.java:1016)
at com.google.inject.internal.InjectorImpl.callInContext(InjectorImpl.java:1092)
at com.google.inject.internal.InjectorImpl.get(InjectorImpl.java:1012)
at org.eclipse.sisu.inject.Guice4.get(Guice4.java:162)
at org.eclipse.sisu.inject.LazyBeanEntry.getValue(LazyBeanEntry.java:81)
at org.eclipse.sisu.plexus.LazyPlexusBean.getValue(LazyPlexusBean.java:51)
at org.codehaus.plexus.DefaultPlexusContainer.lookup(DefaultPlexusContainer.java:263)
at org.codehaus.plexus.DefaultPlexusContainer.lookup(DefaultPlexusContainer.java:255)
at org.apache.maven.plugin.internal.DefaultMavenPluginManager.getConfiguredMojo(DefaultMavenPluginManager.java:517)
at org.apache.maven.plugin.DefaultBuildPluginManager.executeMojo(DefaultBuildPluginManager.java:121)
at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute(MojoExecutor.java:207)
at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute(MojoExecutor.java:153)
at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute(MojoExecutor.java:145)
at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleModuleBuilder.buildProject(LifecycleModuleBuilder.java:116)
at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleModuleBuilder.buildProject(LifecycleModuleBuilder.java:80)
at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.builder.singlethreaded.SingleThreadedBuilder.build(SingleThreadedBuilder.java:51)
at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleStarter.execute(LifecycleStarter.java:128)
at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.doExecute(DefaultMaven.java:307)
at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.doExecute(DefaultMaven.java:193)
at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.execute(DefaultMaven.java:106)
at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.execute(MavenCli.java:863)
at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.doMain(MavenCli.java:288)
at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.main(MavenCli.java:199)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.launchEnhanced(Launcher.java:289)
at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.launch(Launcher.java:229)
at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.mainWithExitCode(Launcher.java:415)
at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.main(Launcher.java:356)
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD FAILURE
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 21.152 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2016-12-06T09:19:16-06:00
[INFO] Final Memory: 24M/266M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[ERROR] Failed to execute goal org.jacoco:jacoco-maven-plugin:0.7.4.201502262128:report (post-unit-test) on project myproject: Execution post-unit-test of goal org.jacoco:jacoco-maven-plugin:0.7.4.201502262128:report failed: A required class was missing while executing org.jacoco:jacoco-maven-plugin:0.7.4.201502262128:report: org/apache/commons/lang/StringUtils
[ERROR] -----------------------------------------------------
[ERROR] realm = plugin>org.jacoco:jacoco-maven-plugin:0.7.4.201502262128
[ERROR] strategy = org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.strategy.SelfFirstStrategy
[ERROR] urls[0] = file:/C:/Users/t1572/.m2/repository/org/jacoco/jacoco-maven-plugin/0.7.4.201502262128/jacoco-maven-plugin-0.7.4.201502262128.jar
[ERROR] urls[1] = file:/C:/Users/t1572/.m2/repository/backport-util-concurrent/backport-util-concurrent/3.1/backport-util-concurrent-3.1.jar
[ERROR] urls[2] = file:/C:/Users/t1572/.m2/repository/org/codehaus/plexus/plexus-interpolation/1.11/plexus-interpolation-1.11.jar
[ERROR] urls[3] = file:/C:/Users/t1572/.m2/repository/junit/junit/4.8.2/junit-4.8.2.jar
[ERROR] urls[4] = file:/C:/Users/t1572/.m2/repository/org/codehaus/plexus/plexus-utils/1.5.6/plexus-utils-1.5.6.jar
[ERROR] urls[5] = file:/C:/Users/t1572/.m2/repository/org/apache/maven/shared/file-management/1.2.1/file-management-1.2.1.jar
[ERROR] urls[6] = file:/C:/Users/t1572/.m2/repository/org/apache/maven/shared/maven-shared-io/1.1/maven-shared-io-1.1.jar
[ERROR] urls[7] = file:/C:/Users/t1572/.m2/repository/org/apache/maven/reporting/maven-reporting-api/2.2.1/maven-reporting-api-2.2.1.jar
[ERROR] urls[8] = file:/C:/Users/t1572/.m2/repository/org/apache/maven/doxia/doxia-sink-api/1.1/doxia-sink-api-1.1.jar
[ERROR] urls[9] = file:/C:/Users/t1572/.m2/repository/org/apache/maven/doxia/doxia-logging-api/1.1/doxia-logging-api-1.1.jar
[ERROR] urls[10] = file:/C:/Users/t1572/.m2/repository/org/apache/maven/reporting/maven-reporting-impl/2.1/maven-reporting-impl-2.1.jar
[ERROR] urls[11] = file:/C:/Users/t1572/.m2/repository/org/apache/maven/doxia/doxia-core/1.1.2/doxia-core-1.1.2.jar
[ERROR] urls[12] = file:/C:/Users/t1572/.m2/repository/xerces/xercesImpl/2.8.1/xercesImpl-2.8.1.jar
[ERROR] urls[13] = file:/C:/Users/t1572/.m2/repository/commons-lang/commons-lang/2.4/commons-lang-2.4.jar
[ERROR] urls[14] = file:/C:/Users/t1572/.m2/repository/commons-httpclient/commons-httpclient/3.1/commons-httpclient-3.1.jar
[ERROR] urls[15] = file:/C:/Users/t1572/.m2/repository/commons-codec/commons-codec/1.2/commons-codec-1.2.jar
[ERROR] urls[16] = file:/C:/Users/t1572/.m2/repository/org/apache/maven/doxia/doxia-site-renderer/1.1.2/doxia-site-renderer-1.1.2.jar
[ERROR] urls[17] = file:/C:/Users/t1572/.m2/repository/org/apache/maven/doxia/doxia-decoration-model/1.1.2/doxia-decoration-model-1.1.2.jar
[ERROR] urls[18] = file:/C:/Users/t1572/.m2/repository/org/apache/maven/doxia/doxia-module-xhtml/1.1.2/doxia-module-xhtml-1.1.2.jar
[ERROR] urls[19] = file:/C:/Users/t1572/.m2/repository/org/apache/maven/doxia/doxia-module-fml/1.1.2/doxia-module-fml-1.1.2.jar
[ERROR] urls[20] = file:/C:/Users/t1572/.m2/repository/org/codehaus/plexus/plexus-i18n/1.0-beta-7/plexus-i18n-1.0-beta-7.jar
[ERROR] urls[21] = file:/C:/Users/t1572/.m2/repository/org/codehaus/plexus/plexus-velocity/1.1.7/plexus-velocity-1.1.7.jar
[ERROR] urls[22] = file:/C:/Users/t1572/.m2/repository/org/apache/velocity/velocity/1.5/velocity-1.5.jar
[ERROR] urls[23] = file:/C:/Users/t1572/.m2/repository/commons-collections/commons-collections/3.2/commons-collections-3.2.jar
[ERROR] urls[24] = file:/C:/Users/t1572/.m2/repository/commons-validator/commons-validator/1.2.0/commons-validator-1.2.0.jar
[ERROR] urls[25] = file:/C:/Users/t1572/.m2/repository/commons-beanutils/commons-beanutils/1.7.0/commons-beanutils-1.7.0.jar
[ERROR] urls[26] = file:/C:/Users/t1572/.m2/repository/commons-digester/commons-digester/1.6/commons-digester-1.6.jar
[ERROR] urls[27] = file:/C:/Users/t1572/.m2/repository/commons-logging/commons-logging/1.0.4/commons-logging-1.0.4.jar
[ERROR] urls[28] = file:/C:/Users/t1572/.m2/repository/oro/oro/2.0.8/oro-2.0.8.jar
[ERROR] urls[29] = file:/C:/Users/t1572/.m2/repository/xml-apis/xml-apis/1.0.b2/xml-apis-1.0.b2.jar
[ERROR] urls[30] = file:/C:/Users/t1572/.m2/repository/org/jacoco/org.jacoco.agent/0.7.4.201502262128/org.jacoco.agent-0.7.4.201502262128-runtime.jar
[ERROR] urls[31] = file:/C:/Users/t1572/.m2/repository/org/jacoco/org.jacoco.core/0.7.4.201502262128/org.jacoco.core-0.7.4.201502262128.jar
[ERROR] urls[32] = file:/C:/Users/t1572/.m2/repository/org/ow2/asm/asm-debug-all/5.0.1/asm-debug-all-5.0.1.jar
[ERROR] urls[33] = file:/C:/Users/t1572/.m2/repository/org/jacoco/org.jacoco.report/0.7.4.201502262128/org.jacoco.report-0.7.4.201502262128.jar
[ERROR] Number of foreign imports: 1
[ERROR] import: Entry[import from realm ClassRealm[maven.api, parent: null]]
[ERROR]
[ERROR] -----------------------------------------------------
[ERROR] -> [Help 1]
[ERROR]
[ERROR] To see the full stack trace of the errors, re-run Maven with the -e switch.
[ERROR] Re-run Maven using the -X switch to enable full debug logging.
[ERROR]
[ERROR] For more information about the errors and possible solutions, please read the following articles:
[ERROR] [Help 1] http://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/MAVEN/PluginContainerException
需要说明的是，我没有在我的代码中的任何地方使用 StringUtils，甚至在我的测试代码中也没有。如果跳过测试，我的项目会构建，运行没有它也很好。
我用谷歌搜索了 maven 问题、jacoco 问题、surefire 问题，并尝试了我遇到的所有解决方案。
这是我尝试过的：
- 清理构建，同时手动删除整个目标目录
- 向 pom 添加几个包含 StringUtils 的不同依赖项（包括原来的 commons-lang-2.6.jar 和新的 commons-lang3 库）
- 正在删除我的 .m2/repository/org/apache/maven 目录以重新下载所有存储库库
- 与我使用类似测试用例的其他项目进行比较，找出可能导致此问题的任何可能差异
- 使用不同版本的 surefire、failsafe 和 surefire-report 插件
- 将
<skipTests>true</skipTests> 添加到 pom 中的 surefire 和 failsafe 插件配置（我读到的一些类似问题是因为测试用例 运行 两次）
- 在 jacoco 插件配置中使用
<exclude> 标签排除各种输出目录
- 更改 Maven 编译器插件配置中的源和目标 JDK 版本
- 将 StringUtils.class 直接插入到与缺少的 class 名称和包
匹配的适当目录中的 jacoco pom
- 使用不同版本的 jacoco 插件
- 安装和使用不同版本的 Maven（尝试了 3.1.1 和 3.3.9）
- 切换到 cobertura（我得到一个非常相似的错误，不同之处仅在于它说缺少 class - org/apache/commons/lang/SystemUtils，而不是 StringUtils）
一整天我都在为此焦头烂额。我能够让其他人对其进行测试，并且它在他们的系统上运行良好。然后我将他们的目标目录复制到我的机器上，并能够针对成功的构建结果（jacoco.exec 和签入的代码）执行 Sonar 代码分析。
我的问题是，我的系统出了什么问题导致了这个问题？
我在 HP EliteDesk 上 运行ning Windows 7 64 位。这是我的 pom.xml:
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.myproject.ws</groupId>
<artifactId>myproject</artifactId>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<version>1.0</version>
<name>Web Service</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<properties>
<jacoco-maven-plugin.version>0.7.4.201502262128</jacoco-maven-plugin.version>
</properties>
<distributionManagement>
<repository>
<releases>
<enabled>false</enabled>
<updatePolicy>always</updatePolicy>
<checksumPolicy>warn</checksumPolicy>
</releases>
<snapshots>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<updatePolicy>never</updatePolicy>
<checksumPolicy>warn</checksumPolicy>
</snapshots>
<id>internal-repository</id>
<name>Nexus</name>
<url>http://repo.example.com/content/repositories/snapshots</url>
<layout>default</layout>
</repository>
</distributionManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.ws.rs</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.ws.rs-api</artifactId>
<version>2.0.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.glassfish.jersey.containers</groupId>
<artifactId>jersey-container-servlet-core</artifactId>
<version>2.17</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.glassfish.jersey.media</groupId>
<artifactId>jersey-media-moxy</artifactId>
<version>2.17</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.glassfish.jersey.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jersey-server</artifactId>
<version>2.17</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.glassfish.jersey.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jersey-client</artifactId>
<version>2.17</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.glassfish.jersey.containers</groupId>
<artifactId>jersey-container-jdk-http</artifactId>
<version>2.17</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.sun.net.httpserver</groupId>
<artifactId>http</artifactId>
<version>20070405</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-lang</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-lang</artifactId>
<version>2.6</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>webservice</finalName>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.5.1</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.17</version>
<configuration>
<forkCount>2</forkCount>
<reuseForks>true</reuseForks>
<argLine>${argLine}</argLine>
<skipTests>true</skipTests>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-surefire-report-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.17</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-failsafe-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.17</version>
<configuration>
<argLine>${argLine}</argLine>
<skipTests>true</skipTests>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.jacoco</groupId>
<artifactId>jacoco-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>${jacoco-maven-plugin.version}</version>
<configuration>
<excludes>
<exclude>**/static/**</exclude>
</excludes>
</configuration>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>pre-unit-test</id>
<goals>
<goal>prepare-agent</goal>
</goals>
<configuration>
<destFile>${basedir}/target/jacoco.exec</destFile>
</configuration>
</execution>
<execution>
<id>post-unit-test</id>
<phase>test</phase>
<goals>
<goal>report</goal>
</goals>
<configuration>
<dataFile>${basedir}/target/jacoco.exec</dataFile>
</configuration>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
<artifactId>sonar-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.0.1</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.2</version>
<configuration>
<tomcatLoggingFile>tomcat.log</tomcatLoggingFile>
<serverxml>${project.basedir}/target/tomcat/conf/web.xml</serverxml>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
我的测试用例没什么特别的，它们基本上只是向每个端点发送示例 POST 请求并验证结果是否返回。
这是一个示例测试用例：
private CustomResponse executePostRequest()
{
MyPojo data = new MyPojo();
data.setId(0);
data.setRequestType("sometype");
data.setSomeField("value");
data.setSomeOtherField(5);
return target.path(endpoint).request().post(Entity.json(data), CustomResponse.class);
}
@Test
public void testEndpoint()
{
CustomResponse response = executePostRequest();
assertTrue( response.getCode() == 200 );
}
我很乐意 post 任何其他设置或您可能想了解的关于我的系统的任何信息。
更新：我刚刚发现 jHades 当您 运行 进入像这样的 jar-hell 场景时，它是一个帮助您识别冲突的 Jar 资源的工具。我还没有尝试过，但我计划并会在这里更新结果，如果它产生任何结果。
- 转到
m2\repository\org\jacoco\jacoco-maven-plugin[=11=].7.4.201502262128
在jacoco-maven-plugin-0.7.4.201502262128.pom中添加这个依赖：
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-lang</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-lang</artifactId>
<version>2.6</version>
</dependency>
Jacoco 在尝试测试我的 Web 服务时给我这个错误（我通过任何包含测试阶段的 Maven 目标得到它）：
$ mvn package
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building Web Service 1.0
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[INFO] Compiling 6 source files to C:\git\myproject\target\classes
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ myproject ---
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory C:\git\myproject\src\test\resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.5.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ myproject ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[INFO] Compiling 2 source files to C:\git\myproject\target\test-classes
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.17:test (default-test) @ myproject ---
[INFO] Tests are skipped.
[INFO]
[INFO] --- jacoco-maven-plugin:0.7.4.201502262128:report (post-unit-test) @ myproject ---
[WARNING] Error initializing: org.codehaus.plexus.velocity.DefaultVelocityComponent@1796b2d4
java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/apache/commons/lang/StringUtils
at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass1(Native Method)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(ClassLoader.java:763)
at java.security.SecureClassLoader.defineClass(SecureClassLoader.java:142)
at java.net.URLClassLoader.defineClass(URLClassLoader.java:467)
at java.net.URLClassLoader.access0(URLClassLoader.java:73)
at java.net.URLClassLoader.run(URLClassLoader.java:368)
at java.net.URLClassLoader.run(URLClassLoader.java:362)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:361)
at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.realm.ClassRealm.loadClassFromSelf(ClassRealm.java:401)
at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.strategy.SelfFirstStrategy.loadClass(SelfFirstStrategy.java:42)
at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.realm.ClassRealm.unsynchronizedLoadClass(ClassRealm.java:271)
at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.realm.ClassRealm.loadClass(ClassRealm.java:247)
at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.realm.ClassRealm.loadClass(ClassRealm.java:239)
at org.apache.velocity.runtime.resource.ResourceManagerImpl.initialize(ResourceManagerImpl.java:165)
at org.apache.velocity.runtime.RuntimeInstance.initializeResourceManager(RuntimeInstance.java:594)
at org.apache.velocity.runtime.RuntimeInstance.init(RuntimeInstance.java:241)
at org.apache.velocity.app.VelocityEngine.init(VelocityEngine.java:116)
at org.codehaus.plexus.velocity.DefaultVelocityComponent.initialize(DefaultVelocityComponent.java:95)
at org.eclipse.sisu.plexus.PlexusLifecycleManager.initialize(PlexusLifecycleManager.java:303)
at org.eclipse.sisu.plexus.PlexusLifecycleManager.activate(PlexusLifecycleManager.java:207)
at org.eclipse.sisu.bean.BeanScheduler$Pending.activate(BeanScheduler.java:156)
at org.eclipse.sisu.bean.BeanScheduler$Activator.onProvision(BeanScheduler.java:185)
at com.google.inject.internal.ProvisionListenerStackCallback$Provision.provision(ProvisionListenerStackCallback.java:126)
at com.google.inject.internal.ProvisionListenerStackCallback.provision(ProvisionListenerStackCallback.java:68)
at com.google.inject.internal.ProviderInternalFactory.circularGet(ProviderInternalFactory.java:63)
at com.google.inject.internal.InternalFactoryToInitializableAdapter.get(InternalFactoryToInitializableAdapter.java:45)
at com.google.inject.internal.InjectorImpl.call(InjectorImpl.java:1016)
at com.google.inject.internal.InjectorImpl.callInContext(InjectorImpl.java:1092)
at com.google.inject.internal.InjectorImpl.get(InjectorImpl.java:1012)
at org.eclipse.sisu.inject.Guice4.get(Guice4.java:162)
at org.eclipse.sisu.inject.LazyBeanEntry.getValue(LazyBeanEntry.java:81)
at org.eclipse.sisu.plexus.LazyPlexusBean.getValue(LazyPlexusBean.java:51)
at org.codehaus.plexus.DefaultPlexusContainer.lookup(DefaultPlexusContainer.java:263)
at org.codehaus.plexus.DefaultPlexusContainer.lookup(DefaultPlexusContainer.java:255)
at org.apache.maven.plugin.internal.DefaultMavenPluginManager.getConfiguredMojo(DefaultMavenPluginManager.java:517)
at org.apache.maven.plugin.DefaultBuildPluginManager.executeMojo(DefaultBuildPluginManager.java:121)
at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute(MojoExecutor.java:207)
at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute(MojoExecutor.java:153)
at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute(MojoExecutor.java:145)
at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleModuleBuilder.buildProject(LifecycleModuleBuilder.java:116)
at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleModuleBuilder.buildProject(LifecycleModuleBuilder.java:80)
at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.builder.singlethreaded.SingleThreadedBuilder.build(SingleThreadedBuilder.java:51)
at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleStarter.execute(LifecycleStarter.java:128)
at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.doExecute(DefaultMaven.java:307)
at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.doExecute(DefaultMaven.java:193)
at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.execute(DefaultMaven.java:106)
at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.execute(MavenCli.java:863)
at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.doMain(MavenCli.java:288)
at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.main(MavenCli.java:199)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.launchEnhanced(Launcher.java:289)
at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.launch(Launcher.java:229)
at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.mainWithExitCode(Launcher.java:415)
at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.main(Launcher.java:356)
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD FAILURE
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 21.152 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2016-12-06T09:19:16-06:00
[INFO] Final Memory: 24M/266M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[ERROR] Failed to execute goal org.jacoco:jacoco-maven-plugin:0.7.4.201502262128:report (post-unit-test) on project myproject: Execution post-unit-test of goal org.jacoco:jacoco-maven-plugin:0.7.4.201502262128:report failed: A required class was missing while executing org.jacoco:jacoco-maven-plugin:0.7.4.201502262128:report: org/apache/commons/lang/StringUtils
[ERROR] -----------------------------------------------------
[ERROR] realm = plugin>org.jacoco:jacoco-maven-plugin:0.7.4.201502262128
[ERROR] strategy = org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.strategy.SelfFirstStrategy
[ERROR] urls[0] = file:/C:/Users/t1572/.m2/repository/org/jacoco/jacoco-maven-plugin/0.7.4.201502262128/jacoco-maven-plugin-0.7.4.201502262128.jar
[ERROR] urls[1] = file:/C:/Users/t1572/.m2/repository/backport-util-concurrent/backport-util-concurrent/3.1/backport-util-concurrent-3.1.jar
[ERROR] urls[2] = file:/C:/Users/t1572/.m2/repository/org/codehaus/plexus/plexus-interpolation/1.11/plexus-interpolation-1.11.jar
[ERROR] urls[3] = file:/C:/Users/t1572/.m2/repository/junit/junit/4.8.2/junit-4.8.2.jar
[ERROR] urls[4] = file:/C:/Users/t1572/.m2/repository/org/codehaus/plexus/plexus-utils/1.5.6/plexus-utils-1.5.6.jar
[ERROR] urls[5] = file:/C:/Users/t1572/.m2/repository/org/apache/maven/shared/file-management/1.2.1/file-management-1.2.1.jar
[ERROR] urls[6] = file:/C:/Users/t1572/.m2/repository/org/apache/maven/shared/maven-shared-io/1.1/maven-shared-io-1.1.jar
[ERROR] urls[7] = file:/C:/Users/t1572/.m2/repository/org/apache/maven/reporting/maven-reporting-api/2.2.1/maven-reporting-api-2.2.1.jar
[ERROR] urls[8] = file:/C:/Users/t1572/.m2/repository/org/apache/maven/doxia/doxia-sink-api/1.1/doxia-sink-api-1.1.jar
[ERROR] urls[9] = file:/C:/Users/t1572/.m2/repository/org/apache/maven/doxia/doxia-logging-api/1.1/doxia-logging-api-1.1.jar
[ERROR] urls[10] = file:/C:/Users/t1572/.m2/repository/org/apache/maven/reporting/maven-reporting-impl/2.1/maven-reporting-impl-2.1.jar
[ERROR] urls[11] = file:/C:/Users/t1572/.m2/repository/org/apache/maven/doxia/doxia-core/1.1.2/doxia-core-1.1.2.jar
[ERROR] urls[12] = file:/C:/Users/t1572/.m2/repository/xerces/xercesImpl/2.8.1/xercesImpl-2.8.1.jar
[ERROR] urls[13] = file:/C:/Users/t1572/.m2/repository/commons-lang/commons-lang/2.4/commons-lang-2.4.jar
[ERROR] urls[14] = file:/C:/Users/t1572/.m2/repository/commons-httpclient/commons-httpclient/3.1/commons-httpclient-3.1.jar
[ERROR] urls[15] = file:/C:/Users/t1572/.m2/repository/commons-codec/commons-codec/1.2/commons-codec-1.2.jar
[ERROR] urls[16] = file:/C:/Users/t1572/.m2/repository/org/apache/maven/doxia/doxia-site-renderer/1.1.2/doxia-site-renderer-1.1.2.jar
[ERROR] urls[17] = file:/C:/Users/t1572/.m2/repository/org/apache/maven/doxia/doxia-decoration-model/1.1.2/doxia-decoration-model-1.1.2.jar
[ERROR] urls[18] = file:/C:/Users/t1572/.m2/repository/org/apache/maven/doxia/doxia-module-xhtml/1.1.2/doxia-module-xhtml-1.1.2.jar
[ERROR] urls[19] = file:/C:/Users/t1572/.m2/repository/org/apache/maven/doxia/doxia-module-fml/1.1.2/doxia-module-fml-1.1.2.jar
[ERROR] urls[20] = file:/C:/Users/t1572/.m2/repository/org/codehaus/plexus/plexus-i18n/1.0-beta-7/plexus-i18n-1.0-beta-7.jar
[ERROR] urls[21] = file:/C:/Users/t1572/.m2/repository/org/codehaus/plexus/plexus-velocity/1.1.7/plexus-velocity-1.1.7.jar
[ERROR] urls[22] = file:/C:/Users/t1572/.m2/repository/org/apache/velocity/velocity/1.5/velocity-1.5.jar
[ERROR] urls[23] = file:/C:/Users/t1572/.m2/repository/commons-collections/commons-collections/3.2/commons-collections-3.2.jar
[ERROR] urls[24] = file:/C:/Users/t1572/.m2/repository/commons-validator/commons-validator/1.2.0/commons-validator-1.2.0.jar
[ERROR] urls[25] = file:/C:/Users/t1572/.m2/repository/commons-beanutils/commons-beanutils/1.7.0/commons-beanutils-1.7.0.jar
[ERROR] urls[26] = file:/C:/Users/t1572/.m2/repository/commons-digester/commons-digester/1.6/commons-digester-1.6.jar
[ERROR] urls[27] = file:/C:/Users/t1572/.m2/repository/commons-logging/commons-logging/1.0.4/commons-logging-1.0.4.jar
[ERROR] urls[28] = file:/C:/Users/t1572/.m2/repository/oro/oro/2.0.8/oro-2.0.8.jar
[ERROR] urls[29] = file:/C:/Users/t1572/.m2/repository/xml-apis/xml-apis/1.0.b2/xml-apis-1.0.b2.jar
[ERROR] urls[30] = file:/C:/Users/t1572/.m2/repository/org/jacoco/org.jacoco.agent/0.7.4.201502262128/org.jacoco.agent-0.7.4.201502262128-runtime.jar
[ERROR] urls[31] = file:/C:/Users/t1572/.m2/repository/org/jacoco/org.jacoco.core/0.7.4.201502262128/org.jacoco.core-0.7.4.201502262128.jar
[ERROR] urls[32] = file:/C:/Users/t1572/.m2/repository/org/ow2/asm/asm-debug-all/5.0.1/asm-debug-all-5.0.1.jar
[ERROR] urls[33] = file:/C:/Users/t1572/.m2/repository/org/jacoco/org.jacoco.report/0.7.4.201502262128/org.jacoco.report-0.7.4.201502262128.jar
[ERROR] Number of foreign imports: 1
[ERROR] import: Entry[import from realm ClassRealm[maven.api, parent: null]]
[ERROR]
[ERROR] -----------------------------------------------------
[ERROR] -> [Help 1]
[ERROR]
[ERROR] To see the full stack trace of the errors, re-run Maven with the -e switch.
[ERROR] Re-run Maven using the -X switch to enable full debug logging.
[ERROR]
[ERROR] For more information about the errors and possible solutions, please read the following articles:
[ERROR] [Help 1] http://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/MAVEN/PluginContainerException
需要说明的是，我没有在我的代码中的任何地方使用 StringUtils，甚至在我的测试代码中也没有。如果跳过测试，我的项目会构建，运行没有它也很好。
我用谷歌搜索了 maven 问题、jacoco 问题、surefire 问题，并尝试了我遇到的所有解决方案。
这是我尝试过的：
- 清理构建，同时手动删除整个目标目录
- 向 pom 添加几个包含 StringUtils 的不同依赖项（包括原来的 commons-lang-2.6.jar 和新的 commons-lang3 库）
- 正在删除我的 .m2/repository/org/apache/maven 目录以重新下载所有存储库库
- 与我使用类似测试用例的其他项目进行比较，找出可能导致此问题的任何可能差异
- 使用不同版本的 surefire、failsafe 和 surefire-report 插件
- 将
<skipTests>true</skipTests>添加到 pom 中的 surefire 和 failsafe 插件配置（我读到的一些类似问题是因为测试用例 运行 两次） - 在 jacoco 插件配置中使用
<exclude>标签排除各种输出目录 - 更改 Maven 编译器插件配置中的源和目标 JDK 版本
- 将 StringUtils.class 直接插入到与缺少的 class 名称和包 匹配的适当目录中的 jacoco pom
- 使用不同版本的 jacoco 插件
- 安装和使用不同版本的 Maven（尝试了 3.1.1 和 3.3.9）
- 切换到 cobertura（我得到一个非常相似的错误，不同之处仅在于它说缺少 class - org/apache/commons/lang/SystemUtils，而不是 StringUtils）
一整天我都在为此焦头烂额。我能够让其他人对其进行测试，并且它在他们的系统上运行良好。然后我将他们的目标目录复制到我的机器上，并能够针对成功的构建结果（jacoco.exec 和签入的代码）执行 Sonar 代码分析。
我的问题是，我的系统出了什么问题导致了这个问题？
我在 HP EliteDesk 上 运行ning Windows 7 64 位。这是我的 pom.xml:
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.myproject.ws</groupId>
<artifactId>myproject</artifactId>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<version>1.0</version>
<name>Web Service</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<properties>
<jacoco-maven-plugin.version>0.7.4.201502262128</jacoco-maven-plugin.version>
</properties>
<distributionManagement>
<repository>
<releases>
<enabled>false</enabled>
<updatePolicy>always</updatePolicy>
<checksumPolicy>warn</checksumPolicy>
</releases>
<snapshots>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<updatePolicy>never</updatePolicy>
<checksumPolicy>warn</checksumPolicy>
</snapshots>
<id>internal-repository</id>
<name>Nexus</name>
<url>http://repo.example.com/content/repositories/snapshots</url>
<layout>default</layout>
</repository>
</distributionManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.ws.rs</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.ws.rs-api</artifactId>
<version>2.0.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.glassfish.jersey.containers</groupId>
<artifactId>jersey-container-servlet-core</artifactId>
<version>2.17</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.glassfish.jersey.media</groupId>
<artifactId>jersey-media-moxy</artifactId>
<version>2.17</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.glassfish.jersey.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jersey-server</artifactId>
<version>2.17</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.glassfish.jersey.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jersey-client</artifactId>
<version>2.17</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.glassfish.jersey.containers</groupId>
<artifactId>jersey-container-jdk-http</artifactId>
<version>2.17</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.sun.net.httpserver</groupId>
<artifactId>http</artifactId>
<version>20070405</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-lang</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-lang</artifactId>
<version>2.6</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>webservice</finalName>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.5.1</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.17</version>
<configuration>
<forkCount>2</forkCount>
<reuseForks>true</reuseForks>
<argLine>${argLine}</argLine>
<skipTests>true</skipTests>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-surefire-report-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.17</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-failsafe-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.17</version>
<configuration>
<argLine>${argLine}</argLine>
<skipTests>true</skipTests>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.jacoco</groupId>
<artifactId>jacoco-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>${jacoco-maven-plugin.version}</version>
<configuration>
<excludes>
<exclude>**/static/**</exclude>
</excludes>
</configuration>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>pre-unit-test</id>
<goals>
<goal>prepare-agent</goal>
</goals>
<configuration>
<destFile>${basedir}/target/jacoco.exec</destFile>
</configuration>
</execution>
<execution>
<id>post-unit-test</id>
<phase>test</phase>
<goals>
<goal>report</goal>
</goals>
<configuration>
<dataFile>${basedir}/target/jacoco.exec</dataFile>
</configuration>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
<artifactId>sonar-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.0.1</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.2</version>
<configuration>
<tomcatLoggingFile>tomcat.log</tomcatLoggingFile>
<serverxml>${project.basedir}/target/tomcat/conf/web.xml</serverxml>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
我的测试用例没什么特别的，它们基本上只是向每个端点发送示例 POST 请求并验证结果是否返回。
这是一个示例测试用例：
private CustomResponse executePostRequest()
{
MyPojo data = new MyPojo();
data.setId(0);
data.setRequestType("sometype");
data.setSomeField("value");
data.setSomeOtherField(5);
return target.path(endpoint).request().post(Entity.json(data), CustomResponse.class);
}
@Test
public void testEndpoint()
{
CustomResponse response = executePostRequest();
assertTrue( response.getCode() == 200 );
}
我很乐意 post 任何其他设置或您可能想了解的关于我的系统的任何信息。
更新：我刚刚发现 jHades 当您 运行 进入像这样的 jar-hell 场景时，它是一个帮助您识别冲突的 Jar 资源的工具。我还没有尝试过，但我计划并会在这里更新结果，如果它产生任何结果。
- 转到
m2\repository\org\jacoco\jacoco-maven-plugin[=11=].7.4.201502262128 在
jacoco-maven-plugin-0.7.4.201502262128.pom中添加这个依赖：<dependency> <groupId>commons-lang</groupId> <artifactId>commons-lang</artifactId> <version>2.6</version> </dependency>