抽象工厂和控制反转在运行时解决
Abstract Factory and Inversion of Control resolve at runtime
我有以下 class 和接口结构,我很难尝试让代码执行我需要的操作。
public interface IUserManager
{
int Add(User user);
}
public class UserManagerA : IUserManager{}
public class UserManagerB : IUserManager{}
在此示例中,我使用 Ninject 作为 IoC 容器,但如果其他容器解决了问题,我愿意更改它:
这是我的 NinjectWebCommon.cs
:
void RegisterServices(IKernel kernel)
{
string userRole = CurrentUser.Role;//this gets the user logged in
//This is the part I do not how to do
//I wish I could just type this in:
kernel.Bind<IUserManager>().To<UserManagerA>()
.When(userRole == "RoleA"); // this doesn't work obviously
kernel.Bind<IUserManager>().To<UserManagerB>()
.When(userRole == "RoleB"); // same doesn't work
}
所有这些,以便在我的 (MVC) 控制器中我可以这样做:
public class UserController
{
private readonly IUserManager _userManager;
public UserController(IUserManager userManager)
{
_userManager = userManager;
}
public ActionResult Add(User user)
{
//this would call the correct manager
//based on the userRole
_userManager.Add(user);
}
}
我一直在阅读关于抽象工厂的文章,但没有找到一篇解释如何将工厂与 IoC 容器集成并传递在 运行 时获得的参数来解析实现的文章。
创建一个 class 负责提供正确的 UserManager
并将其注入您的控制器:
public class UserManagerProvider : IUserManagerProvider
{
private readonly IContext _context;
public UserManagerProvider(IContext context)
{
_context = context;
}
public IUserManager Create(User currentUser)
{
if (currentUser.Role == "User A")
return _context.Kernel.Get<UserManagerA>();
if (currentUser.Role == "User B")
return _context.Kernel.Get<UserManagerB>();
// Or bind and resolve by name
// _context.Kernel.Get<IUserManager>(currentUser.Role);
}
}
在控制器中:
private readonly IUserManager _userManager;
public UserController(IUserManagerProvider userManagerProvider)
{
_userManager = userManagerProvider.Create(CurrentUser);
}
此外,作为旁注,您可能应该有一个 CurrentUserProvider
负责获取当前用户。依赖静态方法会使单元测试变得困难,并且您实质上是在所有引用它的 classes 中隐藏了依赖项:
private readonly IUserManager _userManager;
private readonly User _currentUser;
public UserController(IUserManagerProvider userManagerProvider, ICurrentUserProvider currentUserProvider)
{
_currentUser = currentUserProvider.GetUser();
_userManager = userManagerProvider.Create(_currentUser);
}
如果 IUserManager
实现的数量不是很多(不太可能达到 100 个实现),您可以使用 Strategy Pattern 在组合过程中解析所有 UserManager 实例,然后选择在运行时使用的最佳实例。
首先,我们需要一种方法将 IUserManager
实现映射到角色。
public interface IUserManager
{
int Add(User user);
bool AppliesTo(string userRole);
}
public class UserManagerA : IUserManager
{
// Add method omitted
public bool AppliesTo(string userRole)
{
// Note that it is entirely possible to
// make this work with multiple roles and/or
// multiple conditions.
return (userRole == "RoleA");
}
}
public class UserManagerB : IUserManager
{
// Add method omitted
public bool AppliesTo(string userRole)
{
return (userRole == "RoleB");
}
}
然后我们需要一个策略 class 来根据 userRole
选择正确的实例。 IUserManager
个实例在组合应用程序时由 DI 容器提供。
public interface IUserManagerStrategy
{
IUserManager GetManager(string userRole);
}
public class UserManagerStrategy
: IUserManagerStrategy
{
private readonly IUserManager[] userManagers;
public UserManagerStrategy(IUserManager[] userManagers)
{
if (userManagers == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException("userManagers");
this.userManagers = userManagers;
}
public IUserManager GetManager(string userRole)
{
var manager = this.userManagers.FirstOrDefault(x => x.AppliesTo(userRole));
if (manager == null && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(userRole))
{
// Note that you could optionally specify a default value
// here instead of throwing an exception.
throw new Exception(string.Format("User Manager for {0} not found", userRole));
}
return manager;
}
}
用法
public class SomeService : ISomeService
{
private readonly IUserManagerStrategy userManagerStrategy;
public SomeService(IUserManagerStrategy userManagerStrategy)
{
if (userManagerStrategy == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException("userManagerStrategy");
this.userManagerStrategy = userManagerStrategy;
}
public void DoSomething()
{
string userRole = CurrentUser.Role;//this gets the user logged in
// Get the correct UserManger according to the role
IUserManager userManager = this.userManagerStrategy.GetManger(userRole);
// Do something with userManger
}
}
void RegisterServices(IKernel kernel)
{
kernel.Bind<IUserManager>().To<UserManagerA>();
kernel.Bind<IUserManager>().To<UserManagerB>();
// Ninject will automatically supply both IUserManager instances here
kernel.Bind<IUserManagerStrategy>().To<UserManagerStrategy>();
kernel.Bind<ISomeService>().To<SomeService>();
}
此方法不需要您将容器注入应用程序。没有正在使用的服务位置。
另请注意,没有每次向应用程序添加新 UserManager
时都必须修改的 switch case 语句。何时使用 UserManager
的逻辑是 UserManager
实现的一部分,执行逻辑的顺序由 DI 配置决定。
此外,无论您使用哪个 DI 容器,这都有效。
您可以将它与 RagtimeWilly 的回答中的 CurrentUserProvider 结合起来,以一种干净的方式将用户角色放入使用它的服务中。
参考:Best way to use StructureMap to implement Strategy pattern
我有以下 class 和接口结构,我很难尝试让代码执行我需要的操作。
public interface IUserManager
{
int Add(User user);
}
public class UserManagerA : IUserManager{}
public class UserManagerB : IUserManager{}
在此示例中,我使用 Ninject 作为 IoC 容器,但如果其他容器解决了问题,我愿意更改它:
这是我的 NinjectWebCommon.cs
:
void RegisterServices(IKernel kernel)
{
string userRole = CurrentUser.Role;//this gets the user logged in
//This is the part I do not how to do
//I wish I could just type this in:
kernel.Bind<IUserManager>().To<UserManagerA>()
.When(userRole == "RoleA"); // this doesn't work obviously
kernel.Bind<IUserManager>().To<UserManagerB>()
.When(userRole == "RoleB"); // same doesn't work
}
所有这些,以便在我的 (MVC) 控制器中我可以这样做:
public class UserController
{
private readonly IUserManager _userManager;
public UserController(IUserManager userManager)
{
_userManager = userManager;
}
public ActionResult Add(User user)
{
//this would call the correct manager
//based on the userRole
_userManager.Add(user);
}
}
我一直在阅读关于抽象工厂的文章,但没有找到一篇解释如何将工厂与 IoC 容器集成并传递在 运行 时获得的参数来解析实现的文章。
创建一个 class 负责提供正确的 UserManager
并将其注入您的控制器:
public class UserManagerProvider : IUserManagerProvider
{
private readonly IContext _context;
public UserManagerProvider(IContext context)
{
_context = context;
}
public IUserManager Create(User currentUser)
{
if (currentUser.Role == "User A")
return _context.Kernel.Get<UserManagerA>();
if (currentUser.Role == "User B")
return _context.Kernel.Get<UserManagerB>();
// Or bind and resolve by name
// _context.Kernel.Get<IUserManager>(currentUser.Role);
}
}
在控制器中:
private readonly IUserManager _userManager;
public UserController(IUserManagerProvider userManagerProvider)
{
_userManager = userManagerProvider.Create(CurrentUser);
}
此外,作为旁注,您可能应该有一个 CurrentUserProvider
负责获取当前用户。依赖静态方法会使单元测试变得困难,并且您实质上是在所有引用它的 classes 中隐藏了依赖项:
private readonly IUserManager _userManager;
private readonly User _currentUser;
public UserController(IUserManagerProvider userManagerProvider, ICurrentUserProvider currentUserProvider)
{
_currentUser = currentUserProvider.GetUser();
_userManager = userManagerProvider.Create(_currentUser);
}
如果 IUserManager
实现的数量不是很多(不太可能达到 100 个实现),您可以使用 Strategy Pattern 在组合过程中解析所有 UserManager 实例,然后选择在运行时使用的最佳实例。
首先,我们需要一种方法将 IUserManager
实现映射到角色。
public interface IUserManager
{
int Add(User user);
bool AppliesTo(string userRole);
}
public class UserManagerA : IUserManager
{
// Add method omitted
public bool AppliesTo(string userRole)
{
// Note that it is entirely possible to
// make this work with multiple roles and/or
// multiple conditions.
return (userRole == "RoleA");
}
}
public class UserManagerB : IUserManager
{
// Add method omitted
public bool AppliesTo(string userRole)
{
return (userRole == "RoleB");
}
}
然后我们需要一个策略 class 来根据 userRole
选择正确的实例。 IUserManager
个实例在组合应用程序时由 DI 容器提供。
public interface IUserManagerStrategy
{
IUserManager GetManager(string userRole);
}
public class UserManagerStrategy
: IUserManagerStrategy
{
private readonly IUserManager[] userManagers;
public UserManagerStrategy(IUserManager[] userManagers)
{
if (userManagers == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException("userManagers");
this.userManagers = userManagers;
}
public IUserManager GetManager(string userRole)
{
var manager = this.userManagers.FirstOrDefault(x => x.AppliesTo(userRole));
if (manager == null && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(userRole))
{
// Note that you could optionally specify a default value
// here instead of throwing an exception.
throw new Exception(string.Format("User Manager for {0} not found", userRole));
}
return manager;
}
}
用法
public class SomeService : ISomeService
{
private readonly IUserManagerStrategy userManagerStrategy;
public SomeService(IUserManagerStrategy userManagerStrategy)
{
if (userManagerStrategy == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException("userManagerStrategy");
this.userManagerStrategy = userManagerStrategy;
}
public void DoSomething()
{
string userRole = CurrentUser.Role;//this gets the user logged in
// Get the correct UserManger according to the role
IUserManager userManager = this.userManagerStrategy.GetManger(userRole);
// Do something with userManger
}
}
void RegisterServices(IKernel kernel)
{
kernel.Bind<IUserManager>().To<UserManagerA>();
kernel.Bind<IUserManager>().To<UserManagerB>();
// Ninject will automatically supply both IUserManager instances here
kernel.Bind<IUserManagerStrategy>().To<UserManagerStrategy>();
kernel.Bind<ISomeService>().To<SomeService>();
}
此方法不需要您将容器注入应用程序。没有正在使用的服务位置。
另请注意,没有每次向应用程序添加新 UserManager
时都必须修改的 switch case 语句。何时使用 UserManager
的逻辑是 UserManager
实现的一部分,执行逻辑的顺序由 DI 配置决定。
此外,无论您使用哪个 DI 容器,这都有效。
您可以将它与 RagtimeWilly 的回答中的 CurrentUserProvider 结合起来,以一种干净的方式将用户角色放入使用它的服务中。
参考:Best way to use StructureMap to implement Strategy pattern