使用 matplotlib 使图形随旋转矩阵旋转

Make a figure rotate with the rotation matrix using matplotlib

我想在 2D 中旋转图形(由线组成)space。我使用这种技术: (1) 我翻译原处的图形。旋转点在 (0,0) (2)我执行旋转 (3)我把图放回去

问题出在我的旋转函数上。不知道为什么它不起作用,因为我使用了旋转矩阵。您不必查看整个代码,只需查看 "rotation" 函数和 "animate" 函数即可。你会看到我发表评论来帮助你。

如果执行整个操作,您会看到一条线在缓慢移动。我不知道它应该是什么,但这不是预期的结果。我应该看到我的身影在旋转。

如果你不做旋转而只是平移两次(我程序的步骤(1)和步骤(3)),你会看到整个图形没有移动(这是预期的,因为我将它移动到中心然后把它放回原来的位置)然后你就可以看到这个图形的样子了。所以唯一的问题来自旋转功能。

import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import animation
import pylab as pl
import math

#Deplacement de la base pour pouvoir utiliser la matrice de rotation
def center(x,y,c):
    for i in range(len(x)):
        x[i] = x[i] - c[0]
    for i in range(len(y)):
        y[i] = y[i] - c[1]
    return None

#Remettre la base à sa place
def recenter(x,y,c):
    for i in range(len(x)):
        x[i] = x[i] + c[0]
    for i in range(len(y)):
        y[i] = y[i] + c[1]
    return None

#Rotation
def rotation(x,y,angle):
    my_list = [[],[]]
    for i in range(len(x)):
        my_list[0].append(x[i]*math.cos(angle) + y[i]*math.sin(angle))
    for j in range(len(y)):
        my_list[1].append(x[i]*math.sin(angle)*(-1) + y[i]*math.cos(angle))
    return my_list

#Here is the rotation matrix
#cos sin
#-sin cos

# First set up the figure, the axis, and the plot element we want to animate
fig = plt.figure()
ax = plt.axes(xlim=(-125, 125), ylim=(-250, 250))
line, = ax.plot([], [], lw=2)

#Les lignes du tableau
plt.plot([0, 125], [50, 50], color='k', linestyle='-', linewidth=2)
plt.plot([0, 125], [200, 200], color='k', linestyle='-', linewidth=2)
plt.plot([17.5, 107.5], [80, 80], color='k', linestyle='-', linewidth=2)
plt.plot([17.5, 107.5], [110, 110], color='k', linestyle='-', linewidth=2)
plt.plot([17.5, 107.5], [140, 140], color='k', linestyle='-', linewidth=2)
plt.plot([17.5, 107.5], [170, 170], color='k', linestyle='-', linewidth=2)
plt.plot([17.5, 17.5], [80, 170], color='k', linestyle='-', linewidth=2)
plt.plot([17.5, 17.5], [80, 170], color='k', linestyle='-', linewidth=2)
plt.plot([47.5, 47.5], [80, 170], color='k', linestyle='-', linewidth=2)
plt.plot([77.5, 77.5], [80, 170], color='k', linestyle='-', linewidth=2)
plt.plot([107.5, 107.5], [80, 170], color='k', linestyle='-', linewidth=2)

# initialization function: plot the background of each frame
def init():
    line.set_data([], [])
    return line,

# animation function. This is called sequentially
def animate(i):
    c1 = 62.5
    c2 = 10
    pt_rot = (c1, c2) #Point from which I want to rotate
    x = [47.5, 47.5, 77.5, 77.5, 47.5, 62.5, c1, 57.5, 67.5]
    y = [15, 45, 45, 15, 15, 15, c2, 10, 10]

    center(x,y,pt_rot)
    #Uncomment these 3 following lines to test the double translation
    my_list = rotation(x,y,(i/180))
    x = my_list[0]
    y = my_list[1]
    recenter(x, y, pt_rot)

    line.set_data(x,y)

    return line,

# call the animator.  blit=True means only re-draw the parts that have changed.
anim = animation.FuncAnimation(fig, animate, init_func=init,
                               frames=200, interval=20, blit=True)

plt.show()

你的脚本有两个主要问题:

  1. 在旋转函数中,让j循环,但根据i设置xy,这是一个常数第一个循环。

  2. 您设置旋转角度(以度为单位)。但是,三角函数需要以辐射点为单位设置角度。所以基本上你需要将角度乘以 2pi。

第三点虽然不是真正的问题但使脚本难以阅读是因为您 return None 在翻译功能中。我发现如果每个函数 return 都有一些值并且将这些值放回下一个函数,那么阅读起来会更容易。

这是一个完整的可运行脚本。

import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import animation
import math


def center(x,y,c):
    for i in range(len(x)):
        x[i] = x[i] - c[0]
    for i in range(len(y)):
        y[i] = y[i] - c[1]
    # return x,y  <--------------------- here 
    return x,y

def recenter(x,y,c):
    for i in range(len(x)):
        x[i] = x[i] + c[0]
    for i in range(len(y)):
        y[i] = y[i] + c[1]
    # return x,y  <--------------------- here 
    return x,y

def rotation(x,y,angle):
    my_list = [[],[]]
    for i in range(len(x)):
        my_list[0].append(x[i]*math.cos(angle) + y[i]*math.sin(angle))
    for j in range(len(y)):
        #Big mistake here, replace i by j <--------------------- here 
        my_list[1].append(x[j]*math.sin(angle)*(-1.) + y[j]*math.cos(angle))
    return my_list[0], my_list[1]



fig = plt.figure()
ax = plt.axes(xlim=(10, 110), ylim=(-40, 60))
ax.set_aspect('equal')
line, = ax.plot([],[], lw=2)

def init():
    line.set_data([],[])
    return line,

def animate(i):
    c1 = 62.5
    c2 = 10
    pt_rot = (c1, c2)
    x = [47.5, 47.5, 77.5, 77.5, 47.5, 62.5, c1, 57.5, 67.5]
    y = [15, 45, 45, 15, 15, 15, c2, 10, 10]

    x,y = center(x,y,pt_rot)  # <--------------------- here 
    x,y = rotation(x,y,(i/180.)*np.pi) # <------------ here 
    x,y = recenter(x, y, pt_rot) # <------------------ here 

    line.set_data(x,y)
    return line,


anim = animation.FuncAnimation(fig, animate, init_func=init,
                               frames=359, interval=20, blit=True)

plt.show()