如何 运行 表现出 PyCharm 中的 django 特性?

How to run behave-django features in PyCharm?

背景

我有一个 Django 项目 ("api") 具有单元测试和行为功能。其结构的相关部分是

code/ # i.e. the Django root is not the root of the project
    manage.py
    api/
        settings.py
        # and other Django stuff
    app/
        # Django app stuff
    features/
        environment.py
        steps/
        foo.feature
    virtualenv/

我使用 behave-django。 python manage.py behave 有效。

我用PyCharm。它被配置为使用项目的 virtualenv。它的 Django 支持是这样配置的:

运行 Django 和 运行 在 PyCharm 内进行单元测试测试有效。

问题

当我尝试 运行 PyCharm 中的行为特征时(通过在编辑特征文件时按 control-shift-R 并选择行为 运行 上下文配置)我得到

/Users/dave/data/projects/api/code/virtualenv/bin/python2.7 "/Applications/PyCharm 2016.3.app/Contents/helpers/pycharm/behave_runner.py"
Testing started at 04:31 ...
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Applications/PyCharm 2016.3.app/Contents/helpers/pycharm/behave_runner.py", line 294, in <module>
    _BehaveRunner(my_config, base_dir).run()
  File "/Applications/PyCharm 2016.3.app/Contents/helpers/pycharm/_bdd_utils.py", line 91, in run
    number_of_tests = self._get_number_of_tests()
  File "/Applications/PyCharm 2016.3.app/Contents/helpers/pycharm/_bdd_utils.py", line 211, in _get_number_of_tests
    for feature in self._get_features_to_run():
  File "/Applications/PyCharm 2016.3.app/Contents/helpers/pycharm/behave_runner.py", line 231, in _get_features_to_run
    self.__real_runner.run()
  File "/Users/dave/data/projects/api/code/virtualenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/behave/runner.py", line 672, in run
    return self.run_with_paths()
  File "/Users/dave/data/projects/api/code/virtualenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/behave/runner.py", line 678, in run_with_paths
    self.load_step_definitions()
  File "/Users/dave/data/projects/api/code/virtualenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/behave/runner.py", line 658, in load_step_definitions
    exec_file(os.path.join(path, name), step_module_globals)
  File "/Users/dave/data/projects/api/code/virtualenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/behave/runner.py", line 304, in exec_file
    exec(code, globals, locals)
  File "code/features/steps/common.py", line 5, in <module>
    from django.contrib.auth.models import User
  File "/Users/dave/data/projects/api/code/virtualenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/models.py", line 4, in <module>
    from django.contrib.auth.base_user import AbstractBaseUser, BaseUserManager
  File "/Users/dave/data/projects/api/code/virtualenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/base_user.py", line 52, in <module>
    class AbstractBaseUser(models.Model):
  File "/Users/dave/data/projects/api/code/virtualenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/base_user.py", line 53, in AbstractBaseUser
    password = models.CharField(_('password'), max_length=128)
  File "/Users/dave/data/projects/api/code/virtualenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/models/fields/__init__.py", line 1043, in __init__
    super(CharField, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/Users/dave/data/projects/api/code/virtualenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/models/fields/__init__.py", line 166, in __init__
    self.db_tablespace = db_tablespace or settings.DEFAULT_INDEX_TABLESPACE
  File "/Users/dave/data/projects/api/code/virtualenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 53, in __getattr__
    self._setup(name)
  File "/Users/dave/data/projects/api/code/virtualenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 39, in _setup
    % (desc, ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE))
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Requested setting DEFAULT_INDEX_TABLESPACE, but settings are not configured. You must either define the environment variable DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE or call settings.configure() before accessing settings.

Process finished with exit code 1

我怎样才能 运行 我的行为特征符合 PyCharm 中的预期方式?

我尝试过但没有用的东西

将 运行 配置的工作目录设置为 .../api/code 没有任何区别。

上面堆栈跟踪中的建议似乎是假的,因为设置文件是默认的,我不需要设置 DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE 来使其他任何东西在 PyCharm 中或之外工作,但是如果我将 DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=api.settings 添加到 PyCharm 中的 behave 运行 配置中,我会得到

[some duplicate stack frames removed]
  File "code/features/steps/common.py", line 5, in <module>
    from django.contrib.auth.models import User
  File "/Users/dave/data/projects/api/code/virtualenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/models.py", line 4, in <module>
    from django.contrib.auth.base_user import AbstractBaseUser, BaseUserManager
  File "/Users/dave/data/projects/api/code/virtualenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/base_user.py", line 52, in <module>
    class AbstractBaseUser(models.Model):
  File "/Users/dave/data/projects/api/code/virtualenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 105, in __new__
    app_config = apps.get_containing_app_config(module)
  File "/Users/dave/data/projects/api/code/virtualenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 237, in get_containing_app_config
    self.check_apps_ready()
  File "/Users/dave/data/projects/api/code/virtualenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 124, in check_apps_ready
    raise AppRegistryNotReady("Apps aren't loaded yet.")
django.core.exceptions.AppRegistryNotReady: Apps aren't loaded yet.

当我运行 django.setup()features/environment.py(不是在before_all,而是在顶层)我走得更远,但是

我怎样才能完成这项工作?

(披露:我是 behave-django 的维护者之一,behave 和 Django 的集成。)

Behave 是一个独立的工具

实际问题是behave并不是要了解Django并融入其中。它旨在 运行 作为外部工具。这就是 PyCharm (2016.3.1) 似乎对 g运行ted 所做的,以及当 PyCharm 运行s 测试时会发生什么。测试是 运行 就像你从终端 运行 behave 不是 python manage.py behave!)。

code/features/steps/common.py 的第 5 行中,您对 Django(用户模型)进行了导入,这要求 Django 已经 运行ning,例如通过管理命令 (runserver)。在 behave-django 中,我们要求管理命令改为 运行,以便 LiveServerTestCase 可以在到达您的代码之前启动。 Django 将准备就绪,因为我们让它在访问您的代码之前启动 运行 服务器。

如果 behave-django 开箱即用,JetBrains 必须考虑到这一点。

替代整合(部分解决方案)

可以 仅使用 behave 集成到 Django 中,不需要 behave-django,在 environment.py 中添加几行额外的代码.您 失去我们集成的一些功能,但是您必须在所有项目中复制这种集成方法。

查看 Manual Integration section of the behave docs. You could try to replicate behave-django's behavior by adding some of its code to access the live_server_url 测试设置。

剩下的可能取决于 JetBrains。对不起,坏消息!