Debian 8. 加载 iwlwifi 失败
Debian 8. Failed to load iwlwifi
我使用网盘 iso 安装 debian，显然缺少固件文件：rtl_nic_rtl8411-2.fw 和 iwlwifi，所以我无法使用 wifi。
我的笔记本电脑使用的是intel wireless-AC 8260，我已经将内核更新到4.8
Dmesg 输出：
iwlwifi 0000:02:00.0: firmware: failed to load iwlwifi-8000C-24.ucode (-2)
firmware: failed to load iwlwifi-8000C-23.ucode (-2)
firmware: failed to load iwlwifi-8000C-22.ucode (-2)
firmware: failed to load iwlwifi-8000C-21.ucode (-2)
firmware: failed to load iwlwifi-8000C-20.ucode (-2)
firmware: failed to load iwlwifi-8000C-19.ucode (-2)
firmware: failed to load iwlwifi-8000C-18.ucode (-2)
firmware: failed to load iwlwifi-8000C-17.ucode (-2)
firmware: failed to load iwlwifi-8000C-16.ucode (-2)
uname -a 输出：
Linux debian 4.8.0-0.bpo.2-rt-amd64 #1 SMP PREEMPT RT Debian 4.8.11-1~bpo8+1 (2016-12-14) x86_64 GNU/Linux
我不确定我是否正确安装了iwlwifi 8000。
这是我的 /lib/firmware 输出。
3com iwlwifi-135-6.ucode qat_c3xxx_mmp.bin
advansys iwlwifi-2000-6.ucode qat_c62x.bin
agere_ap_fw.bin iwlwifi-2030-6.ucode qat_c62x_mmp.bin
agere_sta_fw.bin iwlwifi-3160-7.ucode qat_mmp.bin
amdgpu iwlwifi-3160-8.ucode r128
amd-ucode iwlwifi-3160-9.ucode radeon
as102_data1_st.hex iwlwifi-3945-2.ucode rp2.fw
as102_data2_st.hex iwlwifi-4965-2.ucode rt2561.bin
av7110 iwlwifi-5000-2.ucode rt2561s.bin
carl9170-1.fw iwlwifi-5000-5.ucode rt2661.bin
cis iwlwifi-5150-2.ucode rt2860.bin
ctefx.bin iwlwifi-6000-4.ucode rt2870.bin
ctspeq.bin iwlwifi-6000g2a-5.ucode rt3070.bin
cxgb3 iwlwifi-6000g2a-6.ucode rt3071.bin
cxgb4 iwlwifi-6000g2b-6.ucode rt3090.bin
dabusb iwlwifi-6050-4.ucode rt3290.bin
dsp56k iwlwifi-6050-5.ucode rt73.bin
dvb-fe-xc4000-1.4.1.fw iwlwifi-7260-7.ucode RTL8192E
dvb-fe-xc5000-1.6.114.fw iwlwifi-7260-8.ucode rtl_bt
dvb-fe-xc5000c-4.1.30.7.fw iwlwifi-7260-9.ucode rtl_nic
dvb-usb-dib0700-1.20.fw iwlwifi-7265-8.ucode rtlwifi
dvb-usb-it9135-01.fw iwlwifi-7265-9.ucode s2250.fw
dvb-usb-it9135-02.fw iwlwifi-8000C-13.ucode s2250_loader.fw
dvb-usb-terratec-h5-drxk.fw kaweth tehuti
e100 keyspan_pda tigon
ene-ub6250 matrox ueagle-atm
f2255usb.bin moxa usbduxfast_firmware.bin
go7007 mt7601u.bin usbdux_firmware.bin
hp mt7650.bin usbduxsigma_firmware.bin
i915 mts_cdma.fw v4l-cx231xx-avcore-01.fw
intel mts_edge.fw v4l-cx23418-apu.fw
intel-ucode mts_gsm.fw v4l-cx23418-cpu.fw
isci nvidia v4l-cx23418-dig.fw
iwlwifi-1000-5.ucode qat_895xcc.bin v4l-cx23885-avcore-01.fw
iwlwifi-100-5.ucode qat_895xcc_mmp.bin v4l-cx25840.fw
iwlwifi-105-6.ucode qat_c3xxx.bin vntwusb.fw
iwconfig 输出：
eth0 no wireless extensions.
eth1 no wireless extensions.
lo no wireless extensions.
ifconfig 输出：
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 70:8b:cd:25:a4:e8
inet addr:192.168.87.107 Bcast:192.168.87.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::728b:cdff:fe25:a4e8/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:4815 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:4504 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:2976911 (2.8 MiB) TX bytes:949120 (926.8 KiB)
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 4a:74:6e:46:fc:a2
UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:41 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:41 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1
RX bytes:4725 (4.6 KiB) TX bytes:4725 (4.6 KiB)
我已将非免费资源复制到我的 /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ jessie main contrib non-free#
deb http://mirror.one.com/debian/ jessie-backports main contrib non-free
当我执行 apt-get iwlwifi 时：
firmware-iwlwifi is already the newest version.
我已经尝试让这个工作 2 天了，但没有成功，我错过了什么？我是 Linux 的新手，所以我非常感谢初学者可以理解的答案。
从 https://github.com/NetBit73/NeteXt73_pakiety/tree/master/iwlwifi
下载 iwlwifi-8000C-24.ucode
这个问题困扰我一个星期了，不知道怎么解决。
经过多次测试，我发现我的内核 (3.10) 与下一个网站所说的固件不兼容：
https://wireless.wiki.kernel.org/en/users/drivers/iwlwifi
您需要的内核版本是：
* 4.1+ for iwlwifi-8000-ucode-25.30.13.0.tgz（英特尔® 无线 8260 和 4165）
* 4.3+ for iwlwifi-8000-ucode-16.242414.0.tgz（英特尔® 无线 8260 和 4165）
* 4.6+ for iwlwifi-8265-ucode-22.361476.0.tgz（英特尔® 无线 8265）
我从 3.10 更新到 4.6，我的 Intel 8260 Dual Wireless/WiFi 卡的问题已解决。
我希望这可以帮助别人。
干杯！
您缺少的包是 firmware-iwlwifi，它是一个非免费包。官方 Debian 映像构建仅包含自由软件。
方法 #1 - 使用以太网连接
所以要安装它，您需要将 non-free 和 contrib 组件添加到 /etc/apt/sources.list
参见：https://wiki.debian.org/SourcesList#Example_sources.list
然后，
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install firmware-iwlwifi
方法 #2 - 没有互联网连接
手动下载（从其他有 Internet 连接的机器） 从 here 发布的 deb 包。
如果您使用的是 Debian 稳定版，请检查：
https://packages.debian.org/stable/firmware-iwlwifi
然后，
dpkg -i firmware-iwlwifi*.deb
重启。
相同的过程应该适用于 Realtek 驱动程序。
仅供参考：
http://cdimage.debian.org/cdimage/unofficial/non-free/firmware/stable/current/
https://wiki.debian.org/DontBreakDebian
如果您的网卡工作正常，则它只是来自内核的一条信息消息：
[ 7.523433] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: firmware: failed to load iwlwifi-8000C-26.ucode (-2)
[ 7.523529] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: Direct firmware load for iwlwifi-8000C-26.ucode failed with error -2
[ 7.523559] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: firmware: failed to load iwlwifi-8000C-25.ucode (-2)
[ 7.523648] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: Direct firmware load for iwlwifi-8000C-25.ucode failed with error -2
[ 7.523668] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: firmware: failed to load iwlwifi-8000C-24.ucode (-2)
[ 7.523756] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: Direct firmware load for iwlwifi-8000C-24.ucode failed with error -2
[ 7.523775] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: firmware: failed to load iwlwifi-8000C-23.ucode (-2)
[ 7.523863] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: Direct firmware load for iwlwifi-8000C-23.ucode failed with error -2
[ 7.770877] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: firmware: direct-loading firmware iwlwifi-8000C-22.ucode
[ 7.772129] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: loaded firmware version 22.361476.0 op_mode iwlmvm
[ 7.904051] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: Detected Intel(R) Dual Band Wireless AC 8260, REV=0x208
您可以在 iwlwifi 固件包的自述文件中阅读：
- OVERVIEW
The files iwlwifi-8000C-16.ucode provided in this package must be
present on your system in order for the Intel Wireless WiFi Link AGN
driver for Linux (iwlwifi) to operate on your system.
The "-16" in the filename reflects an interface/architecture version
number. It will change only when changes in new uCode releases make
the new uCode incompatible with earlier drivers.
On adapter initialization, and at varying times during the uptime of
the adapter, the microcode is loaded into the memory on the network
adapter. The microcode provides the low level MAC features including
radio control and high precision timing events (backoff, transmit,
etc.) while also providing varying levels of packet filtering which
can be used to keep the host from having to handle packets that are
not of interest given the current operating mode of the device.
我使用网盘 iso 安装 debian，显然缺少固件文件：rtl_nic_rtl8411-2.fw 和 iwlwifi，所以我无法使用 wifi。 我的笔记本电脑使用的是intel wireless-AC 8260，我已经将内核更新到4.8
Dmesg 输出：
iwlwifi 0000:02:00.0: firmware: failed to load iwlwifi-8000C-24.ucode (-2)
firmware: failed to load iwlwifi-8000C-23.ucode (-2)
firmware: failed to load iwlwifi-8000C-22.ucode (-2)
firmware: failed to load iwlwifi-8000C-21.ucode (-2)
firmware: failed to load iwlwifi-8000C-20.ucode (-2)
firmware: failed to load iwlwifi-8000C-19.ucode (-2)
firmware: failed to load iwlwifi-8000C-18.ucode (-2)
firmware: failed to load iwlwifi-8000C-17.ucode (-2)
firmware: failed to load iwlwifi-8000C-16.ucode (-2)
uname -a 输出：
Linux debian 4.8.0-0.bpo.2-rt-amd64 #1 SMP PREEMPT RT Debian 4.8.11-1~bpo8+1 (2016-12-14) x86_64 GNU/Linux
我不确定我是否正确安装了iwlwifi 8000。 这是我的 /lib/firmware 输出。
3com iwlwifi-135-6.ucode qat_c3xxx_mmp.bin
advansys iwlwifi-2000-6.ucode qat_c62x.bin
agere_ap_fw.bin iwlwifi-2030-6.ucode qat_c62x_mmp.bin
agere_sta_fw.bin iwlwifi-3160-7.ucode qat_mmp.bin
amdgpu iwlwifi-3160-8.ucode r128
amd-ucode iwlwifi-3160-9.ucode radeon
as102_data1_st.hex iwlwifi-3945-2.ucode rp2.fw
as102_data2_st.hex iwlwifi-4965-2.ucode rt2561.bin
av7110 iwlwifi-5000-2.ucode rt2561s.bin
carl9170-1.fw iwlwifi-5000-5.ucode rt2661.bin
cis iwlwifi-5150-2.ucode rt2860.bin
ctefx.bin iwlwifi-6000-4.ucode rt2870.bin
ctspeq.bin iwlwifi-6000g2a-5.ucode rt3070.bin
cxgb3 iwlwifi-6000g2a-6.ucode rt3071.bin
cxgb4 iwlwifi-6000g2b-6.ucode rt3090.bin
dabusb iwlwifi-6050-4.ucode rt3290.bin
dsp56k iwlwifi-6050-5.ucode rt73.bin
dvb-fe-xc4000-1.4.1.fw iwlwifi-7260-7.ucode RTL8192E
dvb-fe-xc5000-1.6.114.fw iwlwifi-7260-8.ucode rtl_bt
dvb-fe-xc5000c-4.1.30.7.fw iwlwifi-7260-9.ucode rtl_nic
dvb-usb-dib0700-1.20.fw iwlwifi-7265-8.ucode rtlwifi
dvb-usb-it9135-01.fw iwlwifi-7265-9.ucode s2250.fw
dvb-usb-it9135-02.fw iwlwifi-8000C-13.ucode s2250_loader.fw
dvb-usb-terratec-h5-drxk.fw kaweth tehuti
e100 keyspan_pda tigon
ene-ub6250 matrox ueagle-atm
f2255usb.bin moxa usbduxfast_firmware.bin
go7007 mt7601u.bin usbdux_firmware.bin
hp mt7650.bin usbduxsigma_firmware.bin
i915 mts_cdma.fw v4l-cx231xx-avcore-01.fw
intel mts_edge.fw v4l-cx23418-apu.fw
intel-ucode mts_gsm.fw v4l-cx23418-cpu.fw
isci nvidia v4l-cx23418-dig.fw
iwlwifi-1000-5.ucode qat_895xcc.bin v4l-cx23885-avcore-01.fw
iwlwifi-100-5.ucode qat_895xcc_mmp.bin v4l-cx25840.fw
iwlwifi-105-6.ucode qat_c3xxx.bin vntwusb.fw
iwconfig 输出：
eth0 no wireless extensions.
eth1 no wireless extensions.
lo no wireless extensions.
ifconfig 输出：
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 70:8b:cd:25:a4:e8
inet addr:192.168.87.107 Bcast:192.168.87.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::728b:cdff:fe25:a4e8/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:4815 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:4504 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:2976911 (2.8 MiB) TX bytes:949120 (926.8 KiB)
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 4a:74:6e:46:fc:a2
UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:41 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:41 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1
RX bytes:4725 (4.6 KiB) TX bytes:4725 (4.6 KiB)
我已将非免费资源复制到我的 /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ jessie main contrib non-free#
deb http://mirror.one.com/debian/ jessie-backports main contrib non-free
当我执行 apt-get iwlwifi 时：
firmware-iwlwifi is already the newest version.
我已经尝试让这个工作 2 天了，但没有成功，我错过了什么？我是 Linux 的新手，所以我非常感谢初学者可以理解的答案。
从 https://github.com/NetBit73/NeteXt73_pakiety/tree/master/iwlwifi
下载iwlwifi-8000C-24.ucode
这个问题困扰我一个星期了，不知道怎么解决。 经过多次测试，我发现我的内核 (3.10) 与下一个网站所说的固件不兼容： https://wireless.wiki.kernel.org/en/users/drivers/iwlwifi 您需要的内核版本是： * 4.1+ for iwlwifi-8000-ucode-25.30.13.0.tgz（英特尔® 无线 8260 和 4165） * 4.3+ for iwlwifi-8000-ucode-16.242414.0.tgz（英特尔® 无线 8260 和 4165） * 4.6+ for iwlwifi-8265-ucode-22.361476.0.tgz（英特尔® 无线 8265） 我从 3.10 更新到 4.6，我的 Intel 8260 Dual Wireless/WiFi 卡的问题已解决。 我希望这可以帮助别人。 干杯！
您缺少的包是 firmware-iwlwifi，它是一个非免费包。官方 Debian 映像构建仅包含自由软件。
方法 #1 - 使用以太网连接
所以要安装它，您需要将 non-free 和 contrib 组件添加到 /etc/apt/sources.list
参见：https://wiki.debian.org/SourcesList#Example_sources.list
然后，
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install firmware-iwlwifi
方法 #2 - 没有互联网连接
手动下载（从其他有 Internet 连接的机器） 从 here 发布的 deb 包。
如果您使用的是 Debian 稳定版，请检查： https://packages.debian.org/stable/firmware-iwlwifi
然后，
dpkg -i firmware-iwlwifi*.deb
重启。
相同的过程应该适用于 Realtek 驱动程序。
仅供参考： http://cdimage.debian.org/cdimage/unofficial/non-free/firmware/stable/current/ https://wiki.debian.org/DontBreakDebian
如果您的网卡工作正常，则它只是来自内核的一条信息消息：
[ 7.523433] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: firmware: failed to load iwlwifi-8000C-26.ucode (-2)
[ 7.523529] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: Direct firmware load for iwlwifi-8000C-26.ucode failed with error -2
[ 7.523559] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: firmware: failed to load iwlwifi-8000C-25.ucode (-2)
[ 7.523648] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: Direct firmware load for iwlwifi-8000C-25.ucode failed with error -2
[ 7.523668] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: firmware: failed to load iwlwifi-8000C-24.ucode (-2)
[ 7.523756] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: Direct firmware load for iwlwifi-8000C-24.ucode failed with error -2
[ 7.523775] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: firmware: failed to load iwlwifi-8000C-23.ucode (-2)
[ 7.523863] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: Direct firmware load for iwlwifi-8000C-23.ucode failed with error -2
[ 7.770877] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: firmware: direct-loading firmware iwlwifi-8000C-22.ucode
[ 7.772129] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: loaded firmware version 22.361476.0 op_mode iwlmvm
[ 7.904051] iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: Detected Intel(R) Dual Band Wireless AC 8260, REV=0x208
您可以在 iwlwifi 固件包的自述文件中阅读：
- OVERVIEW
The files iwlwifi-8000C-16.ucode provided in this package must be present on your system in order for the Intel Wireless WiFi Link AGN driver for Linux (iwlwifi) to operate on your system.
The "-16" in the filename reflects an interface/architecture version number. It will change only when changes in new uCode releases make the new uCode incompatible with earlier drivers.
On adapter initialization, and at varying times during the uptime of the adapter, the microcode is loaded into the memory on the network adapter. The microcode provides the low level MAC features including radio control and high precision timing events (backoff, transmit, etc.) while also providing varying levels of packet filtering which can be used to keep the host from having to handle packets that are not of interest given the current operating mode of the device.