ASP.NET 核心中基于令牌的身份验证
Token Based Authentication in ASP.NET Core
我正在使用 ASP.NET 核心应用程序。我正在尝试实施基于令牌的身份验证,但无法弄清楚如何为我的案例使用新的 Security System。
我经历了 examples 但他们对我帮助不大,他们使用的是 cookie 身份验证或外部身份验证(GitHub、Microsoft、Twitter)。
我的情况是:angularjs 应用程序应请求 /token
url 传递用户名和密码。 WebApi 应授权用户和 return access_token
将由 angularjs 应用程序在以下请求中使用。
我找到了一篇关于在 ASP.NET - Token Based Authentication using ASP.NET Web API 2, Owin, and Identity 的当前版本中准确实现我所需要的内容的好文章。但是对我来说如何在 ASP.NET Core 中做同样的事情并不明显。
我的问题是:如何配置 ASP.NET 核心 WebApi 应用程序以使用基于令牌的身份验证?
.Net Core 3.1 更新:
David Fowler(ASP .NET Core 团队的架构师)组合了一组极其简单的任务应用程序,其中包括 simple application demonstrating JWT。我很快就会将他的更新和简单化的风格融入到这个 post 中。
已针对 .Net Core 2 更新:
此答案的先前版本使用 RSA;如果您生成令牌的相同代码也在验证令牌,那真的没有必要。但是,如果您要分配责任,您可能仍想使用 Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens.RsaSecurityKey
.
的实例来执行此操作
创建一些我们稍后会用到的常量;这是我所做的:
const string TokenAudience = "Myself";
const string TokenIssuer = "MyProject";
将此添加到您的 Startup.cs 的 ConfigureServices
。稍后我们将使用依赖注入来访问这些设置。我假设您的 authenticationConfiguration
是一个 ConfigurationSection
或 Configuration
对象,这样您就可以对调试和生产使用不同的配置。确保安全地存储您的密钥!它可以是任何字符串。
var keySecret = authenticationConfiguration["JwtSigningKey"];
var symmetricKey = new SymmetricSecurityKey(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(keySecret));
services.AddTransient(_ => new JwtSignInHandler(symmetricKey));
services.AddAuthentication(options =>
{
// This causes the default authentication scheme to be JWT.
// Without this, the Authorization header is not checked and
// you'll get no results. However, this also means that if
// you're already using cookies in your app, they won't be
// checked by default.
options.DefaultAuthenticateScheme = JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme;
})
.AddJwtBearer(options =>
{
options.TokenValidationParameters.ValidateIssuerSigningKey = true;
options.TokenValidationParameters.IssuerSigningKey = symmetricKey;
options.TokenValidationParameters.ValidAudience = JwtSignInHandler.TokenAudience;
options.TokenValidationParameters.ValidIssuer = JwtSignInHandler.TokenIssuer;
});
我看到其他答案更改了其他设置,例如ClockSkew
;默认设置使其适用于时钟不完全同步的分布式环境。这些是您唯一需要更改的设置。
设置身份验证。你应该在任何需要你的 User
信息的中间件之前有这一行,例如 app.UseMvc()
.
app.UseAuthentication();
请注意,这不会导致您的令牌与 SignInManager
或其他任何内容一起发出。您需要提供自己的 JWT 输出机制 - 见下文。
您可能想要指定一个 AuthorizationPolicy
。这将允许您使用 [Authorize("Bearer")]
.
指定仅允许 Bearer 令牌作为身份验证的控制器和操作
services.AddAuthorization(auth =>
{
auth.AddPolicy("Bearer", new AuthorizationPolicyBuilder()
.AddAuthenticationTypes(JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationType)
.RequireAuthenticatedUser().Build());
});
棘手的部分来了:构建令牌。
class JwtSignInHandler
{
public const string TokenAudience = "Myself";
public const string TokenIssuer = "MyProject";
private readonly SymmetricSecurityKey key;
public JwtSignInHandler(SymmetricSecurityKey symmetricKey)
{
this.key = symmetricKey;
}
public string BuildJwt(ClaimsPrincipal principal)
{
var creds = new SigningCredentials(key, SecurityAlgorithms.HmacSha256);
var token = new JwtSecurityToken(
issuer: TokenIssuer,
audience: TokenAudience,
claims: principal.Claims,
expires: DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(20),
signingCredentials: creds
);
return new JwtSecurityTokenHandler().WriteToken(token);
}
}
然后,在您想要令牌的控制器中,如下所示:
[HttpPost]
public string AnonymousSignIn([FromServices] JwtSignInHandler tokenFactory)
{
var principal = new System.Security.Claims.ClaimsPrincipal(new[]
{
new System.Security.Claims.ClaimsIdentity(new[]
{
new System.Security.Claims.Claim(System.Security.Claims.ClaimTypes.Name, "Demo User")
})
});
return tokenFactory.BuildJwt(principal);
}
在这里,我假设你已经有了校长。如果您使用的是 Identity,则可以使用 IUserClaimsPrincipalFactory<>
将 User
转换为 ClaimsPrincipal
.
测试一下:获取一个token,将其填入jwt.io处的表格中。我上面提供的说明还允许您使用配置中的秘密来验证签名!
如果您在 HTML 页面的局部视图中呈现此内容并结合 .Net 4.5 中的仅承载身份验证,您现在可以使用 ViewComponent
做同样的事情。它与上面的 Controller Action 代码基本相同。
从 , I've created a fully working example of token-based authentication, working against ASP.NET Core (1.0.1). You can find the full code in this repository on GitHub (alternative branches for 1.0.0-rc1, beta8, beta7) 开始工作,但简而言之,重要的步骤是:
为您的应用程序生成密钥
在我的示例中,每次应用程序启动时我都会生成一个随机密钥,您需要生成一个并将其存储在某个地方并提供给您的应用程序。 See this file for how I'm generating a random key and how you might import it from a .json file. As suggested in the comments by @kspearrin, the Data Protection API 似乎是管理密钥 "correctly" 的理想人选,但我还没有想出这是否可行。如果你解决了,请提交拉取请求!
Startup.cs - 配置服务
在这里,我们需要为要签名的令牌加载一个私钥,我们还将使用它来验证所提供的令牌。我们将密钥存储在 class 级变量 key
中,我们将在下面的 Configure 方法中重复使用它。 TokenAuthOptions 是一个简单的 class,它包含我们在 TokenController 中创建密钥所需的签名身份、受众和发行者。
// Replace this with some sort of loading from config / file.
RSAParameters keyParams = RSAKeyUtils.GetRandomKey();
// Create the key, and a set of token options to record signing credentials
// using that key, along with the other parameters we will need in the
// token controlller.
key = new RsaSecurityKey(keyParams);
tokenOptions = new TokenAuthOptions()
{
Audience = TokenAudience,
Issuer = TokenIssuer,
SigningCredentials = new SigningCredentials(key, SecurityAlgorithms.Sha256Digest)
};
// Save the token options into an instance so they're accessible to the
// controller.
services.AddSingleton<TokenAuthOptions>(tokenOptions);
// Enable the use of an [Authorize("Bearer")] attribute on methods and
// classes to protect.
services.AddAuthorization(auth =>
{
auth.AddPolicy("Bearer", new AuthorizationPolicyBuilder()
.AddAuthenticationSchemes(JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme)
.RequireAuthenticatedUser().Build());
});
我们还设置了授权策略,允许我们在我们希望保护的端点和 class 上使用 [Authorize("Bearer")]
。
Startup.cs - 配置
这里,我们需要配置JwtBearerAuthentication:
app.UseJwtBearerAuthentication(new JwtBearerOptions {
TokenValidationParameters = new TokenValidationParameters {
IssuerSigningKey = key,
ValidAudience = tokenOptions.Audience,
ValidIssuer = tokenOptions.Issuer,
// When receiving a token, check that it is still valid.
ValidateLifetime = true,
// This defines the maximum allowable clock skew - i.e.
// provides a tolerance on the token expiry time
// when validating the lifetime. As we're creating the tokens
// locally and validating them on the same machines which
// should have synchronised time, this can be set to zero.
// Where external tokens are used, some leeway here could be
// useful.
ClockSkew = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(0)
}
});
TokenController
在令牌控制器中,您需要有一个方法来使用在 Startup.cs 中加载的密钥生成签名密钥。我们已经在 Startup 中注册了一个 TokenAuthOptions 实例,所以我们需要在 TokenController 的构造函数中注入它:
[Route("api/[controller]")]
public class TokenController : Controller
{
private readonly TokenAuthOptions tokenOptions;
public TokenController(TokenAuthOptions tokenOptions)
{
this.tokenOptions = tokenOptions;
}
...
然后您需要在处理程序中为登录端点生成令牌,在我的示例中,我使用用户名和密码并使用 if 语句验证它们,但您需要做的关键是创建或加载基于声明的身份并为其生成令牌:
public class AuthRequest
{
public string username { get; set; }
public string password { get; set; }
}
/// <summary>
/// Request a new token for a given username/password pair.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="req"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
[HttpPost]
public dynamic Post([FromBody] AuthRequest req)
{
// Obviously, at this point you need to validate the username and password against whatever system you wish.
if ((req.username == "TEST" && req.password == "TEST") || (req.username == "TEST2" && req.password == "TEST"))
{
DateTime? expires = DateTime.UtcNow.AddMinutes(2);
var token = GetToken(req.username, expires);
return new { authenticated = true, entityId = 1, token = token, tokenExpires = expires };
}
return new { authenticated = false };
}
private string GetToken(string user, DateTime? expires)
{
var handler = new JwtSecurityTokenHandler();
// Here, you should create or look up an identity for the user which is being authenticated.
// For now, just creating a simple generic identity.
ClaimsIdentity identity = new ClaimsIdentity(new GenericIdentity(user, "TokenAuth"), new[] { new Claim("EntityID", "1", ClaimValueTypes.Integer) });
var securityToken = handler.CreateToken(new Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens.SecurityTokenDescriptor() {
Issuer = tokenOptions.Issuer,
Audience = tokenOptions.Audience,
SigningCredentials = tokenOptions.SigningCredentials,
Subject = identity,
Expires = expires
});
return handler.WriteToken(securityToken);
}
应该就是这样。只需将 [Authorize("Bearer")]
添加到您想要保护的任何方法或 class ,如果您尝试在没有令牌的情况下访问它,您应该会收到错误消息。如果你想 return 一个 401 而不是 500 错误,你需要注册一个自定义异常处理程序 as I have in my example here.
看看 OpenIddict - 这是一个新项目(在撰写本文时),可以轻松配置 JWT 令牌的创建和刷新 ASP.NET 5. 令牌的验证是由其他软件处理。
假设您将 Identity
与 Entity Framework
一起使用,最后一行是您要添加到 ConfigureServices
方法中的内容:
services.AddIdentity<ApplicationUser, ApplicationRole>()
.AddEntityFrameworkStores<ApplicationDbContext>()
.AddDefaultTokenProviders()
.AddOpenIddictCore<Application>(config => config.UseEntityFramework());
在 Configure
中,您设置 OpenIddict 来提供 JWT 令牌:
app.UseOpenIddictCore(builder =>
{
// tell openiddict you're wanting to use jwt tokens
builder.Options.UseJwtTokens();
// NOTE: for dev consumption only! for live, this is not encouraged!
builder.Options.AllowInsecureHttp = true;
builder.Options.ApplicationCanDisplayErrors = true;
});
您还可以在 Configure
中配置令牌验证:
// use jwt bearer authentication
app.UseJwtBearerAuthentication(options =>
{
options.AutomaticAuthenticate = true;
options.AutomaticChallenge = true;
options.RequireHttpsMetadata = false;
options.Audience = "http://localhost:58292/";
options.Authority = "http://localhost:58292/";
});
还有一两个小问题,比如你的 DbContext 需要从 OpenIddictContext 派生。
您可以在此博客上看到完整的解释 post:http://capesean.co.za/blog/asp-net-5-jwt-tokens/
可在以下位置获得功能演示:https://github.com/capesean/openiddict-test
您可以查看 OpenId 连接示例,其中说明了如何处理不同的身份验证机制,包括 JWT 令牌:
https://github.com/aspnet-contrib/AspNet.Security.OpenIdConnect.Samples
如果您查看 Cordova 后端项目,API 的配置如下所示:
// Create a new branch where the registered middleware will be executed only for non API calls.
app.UseWhen(context => !context.Request.Path.StartsWithSegments(new PathString("/api")), branch => {
// Insert a new cookies middleware in the pipeline to store
// the user identity returned by the external identity provider.
branch.UseCookieAuthentication(new CookieAuthenticationOptions {
AutomaticAuthenticate = true,
AutomaticChallenge = true,
AuthenticationScheme = "ServerCookie",
CookieName = CookieAuthenticationDefaults.CookiePrefix + "ServerCookie",
ExpireTimeSpan = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5),
LoginPath = new PathString("/signin"),
LogoutPath = new PathString("/signout")
});
branch.UseGoogleAuthentication(new GoogleOptions {
ClientId = "560027070069-37ldt4kfuohhu3m495hk2j4pjp92d382.apps.googleusercontent.com",
ClientSecret = "n2Q-GEw9RQjzcRbU3qhfTj8f"
});
branch.UseTwitterAuthentication(new TwitterOptions {
ConsumerKey = "6XaCTaLbMqfj6ww3zvZ5g",
ConsumerSecret = "Il2eFzGIrYhz6BWjYhVXBPQSfZuS4xoHpSSyD9PI"
});
});
/Providers/AuthorizationProvider.cs 中的逻辑和该项目的 RessourceController 也值得一看 ;)。
或者,您也可以使用以下代码来验证令牌(还有一个片段可以使其与 signalR 一起使用):
// Add a new middleware validating access tokens.
app.UseOAuthValidation(options =>
{
// Automatic authentication must be enabled
// for SignalR to receive the access token.
options.AutomaticAuthenticate = true;
options.Events = new OAuthValidationEvents
{
// Note: for SignalR connections, the default Authorization header does not work,
// because the WebSockets JS API doesn't allow setting custom parameters.
// To work around this limitation, the access token is retrieved from the query string.
OnRetrieveToken = context =>
{
// Note: when the token is missing from the query string,
// context.Token is null and the JWT bearer middleware will
// automatically try to retrieve it from the Authorization header.
context.Token = context.Request.Query["access_token"];
return Task.FromResult(0);
}
};
});
要颁发令牌,您可以像这样使用 openId Connect 服务器包:
// Add a new middleware issuing access tokens.
app.UseOpenIdConnectServer(options =>
{
options.Provider = new AuthenticationProvider();
// Enable the authorization, logout, token and userinfo endpoints.
//options.AuthorizationEndpointPath = "/connect/authorize";
//options.LogoutEndpointPath = "/connect/logout";
options.TokenEndpointPath = "/connect/token";
//options.UserinfoEndpointPath = "/connect/userinfo";
// Note: if you don't explicitly register a signing key, one is automatically generated and
// persisted on the disk. If the key cannot be persisted, an exception is thrown.
//
// On production, using a X.509 certificate stored in the machine store is recommended.
// You can generate a self-signed certificate using Pluralsight's self-cert utility:
// https://s3.amazonaws.com/pluralsight-free/keith-brown/samples/SelfCert.zip
//
// options.SigningCredentials.AddCertificate("7D2A741FE34CC2C7369237A5F2078988E17A6A75");
//
// Alternatively, you can also store the certificate as an embedded .pfx resource
// directly in this assembly or in a file published alongside this project:
//
// options.SigningCredentials.AddCertificate(
// assembly: typeof(Startup).GetTypeInfo().Assembly,
// resource: "Nancy.Server.Certificate.pfx",
// password: "Owin.Security.OpenIdConnect.Server");
// Note: see AuthorizationController.cs for more
// information concerning ApplicationCanDisplayErrors.
options.ApplicationCanDisplayErrors = true // in dev only ...;
options.AllowInsecureHttp = true // in dev only...;
});
我已经使用 Aurelia 前端框架和 ASP.NET 核心实现了一个基于令牌的身份验证实现的单页应用程序。还有一个信号R持久连接。但是,我没有做过任何数据库实现。
代码在这里:
https://github.com/alexandre-spieser/AureliaAspNetCoreAuth
我正在使用 ASP.NET 核心应用程序。我正在尝试实施基于令牌的身份验证,但无法弄清楚如何为我的案例使用新的 Security System。 我经历了 examples 但他们对我帮助不大,他们使用的是 cookie 身份验证或外部身份验证(GitHub、Microsoft、Twitter)。
我的情况是:angularjs 应用程序应请求 /token
url 传递用户名和密码。 WebApi 应授权用户和 return access_token
将由 angularjs 应用程序在以下请求中使用。
我找到了一篇关于在 ASP.NET - Token Based Authentication using ASP.NET Web API 2, Owin, and Identity 的当前版本中准确实现我所需要的内容的好文章。但是对我来说如何在 ASP.NET Core 中做同样的事情并不明显。
我的问题是:如何配置 ASP.NET 核心 WebApi 应用程序以使用基于令牌的身份验证?
.Net Core 3.1 更新:
David Fowler(ASP .NET Core 团队的架构师)组合了一组极其简单的任务应用程序,其中包括 simple application demonstrating JWT。我很快就会将他的更新和简单化的风格融入到这个 post 中。
已针对 .Net Core 2 更新:
此答案的先前版本使用 RSA;如果您生成令牌的相同代码也在验证令牌,那真的没有必要。但是,如果您要分配责任,您可能仍想使用 Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens.RsaSecurityKey
.
创建一些我们稍后会用到的常量;这是我所做的:
const string TokenAudience = "Myself"; const string TokenIssuer = "MyProject";
将此添加到您的 Startup.cs 的
ConfigureServices
。稍后我们将使用依赖注入来访问这些设置。我假设您的authenticationConfiguration
是一个ConfigurationSection
或Configuration
对象,这样您就可以对调试和生产使用不同的配置。确保安全地存储您的密钥!它可以是任何字符串。var keySecret = authenticationConfiguration["JwtSigningKey"]; var symmetricKey = new SymmetricSecurityKey(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(keySecret)); services.AddTransient(_ => new JwtSignInHandler(symmetricKey)); services.AddAuthentication(options => { // This causes the default authentication scheme to be JWT. // Without this, the Authorization header is not checked and // you'll get no results. However, this also means that if // you're already using cookies in your app, they won't be // checked by default. options.DefaultAuthenticateScheme = JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme; }) .AddJwtBearer(options => { options.TokenValidationParameters.ValidateIssuerSigningKey = true; options.TokenValidationParameters.IssuerSigningKey = symmetricKey; options.TokenValidationParameters.ValidAudience = JwtSignInHandler.TokenAudience; options.TokenValidationParameters.ValidIssuer = JwtSignInHandler.TokenIssuer; });
我看到其他答案更改了其他设置,例如
ClockSkew
;默认设置使其适用于时钟不完全同步的分布式环境。这些是您唯一需要更改的设置。设置身份验证。你应该在任何需要你的
User
信息的中间件之前有这一行,例如app.UseMvc()
.app.UseAuthentication();
请注意,这不会导致您的令牌与
SignInManager
或其他任何内容一起发出。您需要提供自己的 JWT 输出机制 - 见下文。您可能想要指定一个
指定仅允许 Bearer 令牌作为身份验证的控制器和操作AuthorizationPolicy
。这将允许您使用[Authorize("Bearer")]
.services.AddAuthorization(auth => { auth.AddPolicy("Bearer", new AuthorizationPolicyBuilder() .AddAuthenticationTypes(JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationType) .RequireAuthenticatedUser().Build()); });
棘手的部分来了:构建令牌。
class JwtSignInHandler { public const string TokenAudience = "Myself"; public const string TokenIssuer = "MyProject"; private readonly SymmetricSecurityKey key; public JwtSignInHandler(SymmetricSecurityKey symmetricKey) { this.key = symmetricKey; } public string BuildJwt(ClaimsPrincipal principal) { var creds = new SigningCredentials(key, SecurityAlgorithms.HmacSha256); var token = new JwtSecurityToken( issuer: TokenIssuer, audience: TokenAudience, claims: principal.Claims, expires: DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(20), signingCredentials: creds ); return new JwtSecurityTokenHandler().WriteToken(token); } }
然后,在您想要令牌的控制器中,如下所示:
[HttpPost] public string AnonymousSignIn([FromServices] JwtSignInHandler tokenFactory) { var principal = new System.Security.Claims.ClaimsPrincipal(new[] { new System.Security.Claims.ClaimsIdentity(new[] { new System.Security.Claims.Claim(System.Security.Claims.ClaimTypes.Name, "Demo User") }) }); return tokenFactory.BuildJwt(principal); }
在这里,我假设你已经有了校长。如果您使用的是 Identity,则可以使用
IUserClaimsPrincipalFactory<>
将User
转换为ClaimsPrincipal
.测试一下:获取一个token,将其填入jwt.io处的表格中。我上面提供的说明还允许您使用配置中的秘密来验证签名!
如果您在 HTML 页面的局部视图中呈现此内容并结合 .Net 4.5 中的仅承载身份验证,您现在可以使用
ViewComponent
做同样的事情。它与上面的 Controller Action 代码基本相同。
从
为您的应用程序生成密钥
在我的示例中,每次应用程序启动时我都会生成一个随机密钥,您需要生成一个并将其存储在某个地方并提供给您的应用程序。 See this file for how I'm generating a random key and how you might import it from a .json file. As suggested in the comments by @kspearrin, the Data Protection API 似乎是管理密钥 "correctly" 的理想人选,但我还没有想出这是否可行。如果你解决了,请提交拉取请求!
Startup.cs - 配置服务
在这里,我们需要为要签名的令牌加载一个私钥,我们还将使用它来验证所提供的令牌。我们将密钥存储在 class 级变量 key
中,我们将在下面的 Configure 方法中重复使用它。 TokenAuthOptions 是一个简单的 class,它包含我们在 TokenController 中创建密钥所需的签名身份、受众和发行者。
// Replace this with some sort of loading from config / file.
RSAParameters keyParams = RSAKeyUtils.GetRandomKey();
// Create the key, and a set of token options to record signing credentials
// using that key, along with the other parameters we will need in the
// token controlller.
key = new RsaSecurityKey(keyParams);
tokenOptions = new TokenAuthOptions()
{
Audience = TokenAudience,
Issuer = TokenIssuer,
SigningCredentials = new SigningCredentials(key, SecurityAlgorithms.Sha256Digest)
};
// Save the token options into an instance so they're accessible to the
// controller.
services.AddSingleton<TokenAuthOptions>(tokenOptions);
// Enable the use of an [Authorize("Bearer")] attribute on methods and
// classes to protect.
services.AddAuthorization(auth =>
{
auth.AddPolicy("Bearer", new AuthorizationPolicyBuilder()
.AddAuthenticationSchemes(JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme)
.RequireAuthenticatedUser().Build());
});
我们还设置了授权策略,允许我们在我们希望保护的端点和 class 上使用 [Authorize("Bearer")]
。
Startup.cs - 配置
这里,我们需要配置JwtBearerAuthentication:
app.UseJwtBearerAuthentication(new JwtBearerOptions {
TokenValidationParameters = new TokenValidationParameters {
IssuerSigningKey = key,
ValidAudience = tokenOptions.Audience,
ValidIssuer = tokenOptions.Issuer,
// When receiving a token, check that it is still valid.
ValidateLifetime = true,
// This defines the maximum allowable clock skew - i.e.
// provides a tolerance on the token expiry time
// when validating the lifetime. As we're creating the tokens
// locally and validating them on the same machines which
// should have synchronised time, this can be set to zero.
// Where external tokens are used, some leeway here could be
// useful.
ClockSkew = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(0)
}
});
TokenController
在令牌控制器中,您需要有一个方法来使用在 Startup.cs 中加载的密钥生成签名密钥。我们已经在 Startup 中注册了一个 TokenAuthOptions 实例,所以我们需要在 TokenController 的构造函数中注入它:
[Route("api/[controller]")]
public class TokenController : Controller
{
private readonly TokenAuthOptions tokenOptions;
public TokenController(TokenAuthOptions tokenOptions)
{
this.tokenOptions = tokenOptions;
}
...
然后您需要在处理程序中为登录端点生成令牌,在我的示例中,我使用用户名和密码并使用 if 语句验证它们,但您需要做的关键是创建或加载基于声明的身份并为其生成令牌:
public class AuthRequest
{
public string username { get; set; }
public string password { get; set; }
}
/// <summary>
/// Request a new token for a given username/password pair.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="req"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
[HttpPost]
public dynamic Post([FromBody] AuthRequest req)
{
// Obviously, at this point you need to validate the username and password against whatever system you wish.
if ((req.username == "TEST" && req.password == "TEST") || (req.username == "TEST2" && req.password == "TEST"))
{
DateTime? expires = DateTime.UtcNow.AddMinutes(2);
var token = GetToken(req.username, expires);
return new { authenticated = true, entityId = 1, token = token, tokenExpires = expires };
}
return new { authenticated = false };
}
private string GetToken(string user, DateTime? expires)
{
var handler = new JwtSecurityTokenHandler();
// Here, you should create or look up an identity for the user which is being authenticated.
// For now, just creating a simple generic identity.
ClaimsIdentity identity = new ClaimsIdentity(new GenericIdentity(user, "TokenAuth"), new[] { new Claim("EntityID", "1", ClaimValueTypes.Integer) });
var securityToken = handler.CreateToken(new Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens.SecurityTokenDescriptor() {
Issuer = tokenOptions.Issuer,
Audience = tokenOptions.Audience,
SigningCredentials = tokenOptions.SigningCredentials,
Subject = identity,
Expires = expires
});
return handler.WriteToken(securityToken);
}
应该就是这样。只需将 [Authorize("Bearer")]
添加到您想要保护的任何方法或 class ,如果您尝试在没有令牌的情况下访问它,您应该会收到错误消息。如果你想 return 一个 401 而不是 500 错误,你需要注册一个自定义异常处理程序 as I have in my example here.
看看 OpenIddict - 这是一个新项目(在撰写本文时),可以轻松配置 JWT 令牌的创建和刷新 ASP.NET 5. 令牌的验证是由其他软件处理。
假设您将 Identity
与 Entity Framework
一起使用,最后一行是您要添加到 ConfigureServices
方法中的内容:
services.AddIdentity<ApplicationUser, ApplicationRole>()
.AddEntityFrameworkStores<ApplicationDbContext>()
.AddDefaultTokenProviders()
.AddOpenIddictCore<Application>(config => config.UseEntityFramework());
在 Configure
中,您设置 OpenIddict 来提供 JWT 令牌:
app.UseOpenIddictCore(builder =>
{
// tell openiddict you're wanting to use jwt tokens
builder.Options.UseJwtTokens();
// NOTE: for dev consumption only! for live, this is not encouraged!
builder.Options.AllowInsecureHttp = true;
builder.Options.ApplicationCanDisplayErrors = true;
});
您还可以在 Configure
中配置令牌验证:
// use jwt bearer authentication
app.UseJwtBearerAuthentication(options =>
{
options.AutomaticAuthenticate = true;
options.AutomaticChallenge = true;
options.RequireHttpsMetadata = false;
options.Audience = "http://localhost:58292/";
options.Authority = "http://localhost:58292/";
});
还有一两个小问题,比如你的 DbContext 需要从 OpenIddictContext 派生。
您可以在此博客上看到完整的解释 post:http://capesean.co.za/blog/asp-net-5-jwt-tokens/
可在以下位置获得功能演示:https://github.com/capesean/openiddict-test
您可以查看 OpenId 连接示例,其中说明了如何处理不同的身份验证机制,包括 JWT 令牌:
https://github.com/aspnet-contrib/AspNet.Security.OpenIdConnect.Samples
如果您查看 Cordova 后端项目,API 的配置如下所示:
// Create a new branch where the registered middleware will be executed only for non API calls.
app.UseWhen(context => !context.Request.Path.StartsWithSegments(new PathString("/api")), branch => {
// Insert a new cookies middleware in the pipeline to store
// the user identity returned by the external identity provider.
branch.UseCookieAuthentication(new CookieAuthenticationOptions {
AutomaticAuthenticate = true,
AutomaticChallenge = true,
AuthenticationScheme = "ServerCookie",
CookieName = CookieAuthenticationDefaults.CookiePrefix + "ServerCookie",
ExpireTimeSpan = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5),
LoginPath = new PathString("/signin"),
LogoutPath = new PathString("/signout")
});
branch.UseGoogleAuthentication(new GoogleOptions {
ClientId = "560027070069-37ldt4kfuohhu3m495hk2j4pjp92d382.apps.googleusercontent.com",
ClientSecret = "n2Q-GEw9RQjzcRbU3qhfTj8f"
});
branch.UseTwitterAuthentication(new TwitterOptions {
ConsumerKey = "6XaCTaLbMqfj6ww3zvZ5g",
ConsumerSecret = "Il2eFzGIrYhz6BWjYhVXBPQSfZuS4xoHpSSyD9PI"
});
});
/Providers/AuthorizationProvider.cs 中的逻辑和该项目的 RessourceController 也值得一看 ;)。
或者,您也可以使用以下代码来验证令牌(还有一个片段可以使其与 signalR 一起使用):
// Add a new middleware validating access tokens.
app.UseOAuthValidation(options =>
{
// Automatic authentication must be enabled
// for SignalR to receive the access token.
options.AutomaticAuthenticate = true;
options.Events = new OAuthValidationEvents
{
// Note: for SignalR connections, the default Authorization header does not work,
// because the WebSockets JS API doesn't allow setting custom parameters.
// To work around this limitation, the access token is retrieved from the query string.
OnRetrieveToken = context =>
{
// Note: when the token is missing from the query string,
// context.Token is null and the JWT bearer middleware will
// automatically try to retrieve it from the Authorization header.
context.Token = context.Request.Query["access_token"];
return Task.FromResult(0);
}
};
});
要颁发令牌,您可以像这样使用 openId Connect 服务器包:
// Add a new middleware issuing access tokens.
app.UseOpenIdConnectServer(options =>
{
options.Provider = new AuthenticationProvider();
// Enable the authorization, logout, token and userinfo endpoints.
//options.AuthorizationEndpointPath = "/connect/authorize";
//options.LogoutEndpointPath = "/connect/logout";
options.TokenEndpointPath = "/connect/token";
//options.UserinfoEndpointPath = "/connect/userinfo";
// Note: if you don't explicitly register a signing key, one is automatically generated and
// persisted on the disk. If the key cannot be persisted, an exception is thrown.
//
// On production, using a X.509 certificate stored in the machine store is recommended.
// You can generate a self-signed certificate using Pluralsight's self-cert utility:
// https://s3.amazonaws.com/pluralsight-free/keith-brown/samples/SelfCert.zip
//
// options.SigningCredentials.AddCertificate("7D2A741FE34CC2C7369237A5F2078988E17A6A75");
//
// Alternatively, you can also store the certificate as an embedded .pfx resource
// directly in this assembly or in a file published alongside this project:
//
// options.SigningCredentials.AddCertificate(
// assembly: typeof(Startup).GetTypeInfo().Assembly,
// resource: "Nancy.Server.Certificate.pfx",
// password: "Owin.Security.OpenIdConnect.Server");
// Note: see AuthorizationController.cs for more
// information concerning ApplicationCanDisplayErrors.
options.ApplicationCanDisplayErrors = true // in dev only ...;
options.AllowInsecureHttp = true // in dev only...;
});
我已经使用 Aurelia 前端框架和 ASP.NET 核心实现了一个基于令牌的身份验证实现的单页应用程序。还有一个信号R持久连接。但是,我没有做过任何数据库实现。 代码在这里: https://github.com/alexandre-spieser/AureliaAspNetCoreAuth