从 Arduino 中的超声波传感器获取以英寸和厘米为单位的距离

Question

我正在修改一个简单的 Arduino 草图，它使用超声波传感器检测距离。据我了解，触发器会发送一个 ping。回声侦听返回的回声以计算距离。这是以微秒为单位测量的。

如果这是正确的，那么问题是，如何根据该 ping（以微秒为单位给出）确定英寸和厘米？这只是基本的 math/physics，是否只有一个基本的公式？

void loop() {
 digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW); 
 delayMicroseconds(2); 
 digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
 delayMicroseconds(10); 
 digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);

 duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);

这是我遇到问题的部分。我想将 ping 时间从微秒划分为英寸，然后划分为厘米：

 distance_in = duration ????;
 distance_cm = duration ????;

 Serial.print(distance_in);
 Serial.print(" in, ");
 Serial.print(distance_cm);
 Serial.print(" cm");
 Serial.println();
 delay(1500);
}

任何帮助，并提供尽可能多的解释，我们将不胜感激。我是 Arduino 的新手（不是数学高手）

Answer 1

distance_cm = ( duration / 29 ) / 2;
distance_in = distance_cm * 0,393701;

1 m/s = 100/1000000 = 0.0001 厘米/微秒

343 m/s = 0.0001 * 343 = 0.0343 厘米/微秒

0.0343 厘米/μs = 1 / 0.0343 = 29.155 μs/cm

声音以每秒 343 米的速度传播，这意味着它需要每厘米 29.155 微秒。因此，我们必须 将持续时间除以 29，然后再除以 2，因为声音必须传播两倍的距离。它传播到物体，然后返回到传感器。

1 厘米 = 0,393701 英寸

Answer 2

我找到的关于这个主题的最好的文章实际上是在 Arduino。 https://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/Ping

/* Ping))) Sensor

   This sketch reads a PING))) ultrasonic rangefinder and returns the
   distance to the closest object in range. To do this, it sends a pulse
   to the sensor to initiate a reading, then listens for a pulse
   to return.  The length of the returning pulse is proportional to
   the distance of the object from the sensor.

   The circuit:
    * +V connection of the PING))) attached to +5V
    * GND connection of the PING))) attached to ground
    * SIG connection of the PING))) attached to digital pin 7

   http://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/Ping

   created 3 Nov 2008
   by David A. Mellis
   modified 30 Aug 2011
   by Tom Igoe

   This example code is in the public domain.

 */

// this constant won't change.  It's the pin number
// of the sensor's output:
const int pingPin = 7;

void setup() {
  // initialize serial communication:
  Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop() {
  // establish variables for duration of the ping,
  // and the distance result in inches and centimeters:
  long duration, inches, cm;

  // The PING))) is triggered by a HIGH pulse of 2 or more microseconds.
  // Give a short LOW pulse beforehand to ensure a clean HIGH pulse:
  pinMode(pingPin, OUTPUT);
  digitalWrite(pingPin, LOW);
  delayMicroseconds(2);
  digitalWrite(pingPin, HIGH);
  delayMicroseconds(5);
  digitalWrite(pingPin, LOW);

  // The same pin is used to read the signal from the PING))): a HIGH
  // pulse whose duration is the time (in microseconds) from the sending
  // of the ping to the reception of its echo off of an object.
  pinMode(pingPin, INPUT);
  duration = pulseIn(pingPin, HIGH);

  // convert the time into a distance
  inches = microsecondsToInches(duration);
  cm = microsecondsToCentimeters(duration);

  Serial.print(inches);
  Serial.print("in, ");
  Serial.print(cm);
  Serial.print("cm");
  Serial.println();

  delay(100);
}

long microsecondsToInches(long microseconds) {
  // According to Parallax's datasheet for the PING))), there are
  // 73.746 microseconds per inch (i.e. sound travels at 1130 feet per
  // second).  This gives the distance travelled by the ping, outbound
  // and return, so we divide by 2 to get the distance of the obstacle.
  // See: http://www.parallax.com/dl/docs/prod/acc/28015-PING-v1.3.pdf
  return microseconds / 74 / 2;
}

long microsecondsToCentimeters(long microseconds) {
  // The speed of sound is 340 m/s or 29 microseconds per centimeter.
  // The ping travels out and back, so to find the distance of the
  // object we take half of the distance travelled.
  return microseconds / 29 / 2;
}

从 Arduino 中的超声波传感器获取以英寸和厘米为单位的距离

Getting Distance in Inches and Cm from Ultrasonic Sensor in Arduino

arduino

sensors