有没有办法在绑定超出范围之前释放绑定?

Is there a way to release a binding before it goes out of scope?

我正在尝试使用正则表达式解析文件:

extern crate regex; // 1.0.1

use regex::Regex;

fn example(
    section_header_pattern: Regex,
    section_name: &str,
    mut line: String,
    mut is_in_right_section: bool,
) {
    loop {
        if let Some(m) = section_header_pattern
            .captures(&line)
            .and_then(|c| c.get(1))
        {
            is_in_right_section = m.as_str().eq(section_name);
            line.clear();
            continue;
        }
    }
}

fn main() {}

...但是编译器会抱怨,因为 RegExcaptures() 方法有一个借用,它会在匹配的生命周期内持续存在:

error[E0502]: cannot borrow `line` as mutable because it is also borrowed as immutable
  --> src/main.rs:17:13
   |
13 |             .captures(&line)
   |                        ---- immutable borrow occurs here
...
17 |             line.clear();
   |             ^^^^ mutable borrow occurs here
18 |             continue;
19 |         }
   |         - immutable borrow ends here

当我到达 line.clear(); 时,我已完成 Match 并且想清除缓冲区并移至文件中的下一行而不进行进一步处理。是否有 good/clean/elegant/idiomatic 解决方案,还是我需要硬着头皮引入后续的 'if' 块?

简答:否

I'm done with the Match

你可能知道,但编译器不知道。具体来说,生命周期当前绑定到定义它们的词法范围。您正在寻找的功能称为 non-lexical lifetimes。目前还不稳定,但计划在Rust 2018版本中启用。

举个例子:

fn main() {
    let mut s = String::from("hello");

    let matched = &s[..];
    println!("{}", matched);

    s.clear();

    println!("{}", s);
}

程序员可以在我们打印后告诉我们已经完成了 matched,但是编译器说借用持续到结束 }。解决方法是引入一个范围:

fn main() {
    let mut s = String::from("hello");

    {
        let matched = &s[..];
        println!("{}", matched);
    }
    s.clear();

    println!("{}", s);
}

你的情况更隐蔽,因为清除字符串的决定与字符串本身的借用值交织在一起。像这样的东西将是我到达的第一个地方:

fn main() {
    let mut s = String::from("hello");

    let do_clear;

    {
        let matched = &s[..];
        println!("{}", matched);
        do_clear = matched.contains("ll");
    }

    if do_clear {
        s.clear();
    }

    println!("{}", s);
}

但是,您的具体案例可能会被转换以避免多个 if / if let 语句:

let is_in_right_section = section_header_pattern.captures(&line)
    .and_then(|c| c.get(1))
    .map_or(false, |m| m.as_str() == section_name);

if is_in_right_section {
    line.clear();
    continue;
}

如果引入一种新的类型 and/or 方法,这看起来不会太糟糕。作为奖励,Regex 有地方住:

struct Section(Regex);

impl Section {
    fn is(&self, s: &str, section: &str) -> bool {
        self.0
            .captures(s)
            .and_then(|c| c.get(1))
            .map_or(false, |m| m.as_str() == section)
    }
}

// ----

if section.is(&line, section_name) {
    line.clear();
    continue;
}

启用 NLL 时原始代码有效 as-is:

#![feature(nll)]

extern crate regex; // 1.0.1

use regex::Regex;

fn main() {
    let section_header_pattern = Regex::new(".").unwrap();
    let section_name = "";
    let mut line = String::new();
    let mut is_in_right_section = false;

    loop {
        if let Some(m) = section_header_pattern
            .captures(&line)
            .and_then(|c| c.get(1))
        {
            is_in_right_section = m.as_str().eq(section_name);
            line.clear();
            continue;
        }

        return; // I don't really want to loop
    }
}