Qt5 静态链接在 Ubuntu Linux 上失败

Question

这是我所做的：
1. 下载资源
2. ./configure -static -prefix /home/user/build/qt-static/build -qt-xcb
3. make -j3
4. make install
5. 经过1h的搭建，我做了一个简单的test.cpp:

    #include <QtGui>

    int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
    QApplication app(argc, argv);
    QMainWindow window;
    window.resize(250, 150);
    window.setWindowTitle("Test");
    window.show();
    return app.exec();
    }

创建了项目文件：/home/user/build/final/bin/qmake -project

TEMPLATE = app
TARGET = test
INCLUDEPATH += .  # missing path ?
# I also tried adding CONFIG += widgets or CONFIG += static, both resulting in the same errors
SOURCES += test.cpp

创建了一个 Makefile：/home/user/build/final/bin/qmake *pro
Makefile 的一部分：

#############################################################################
# Makefile for building: stat
# Generated by qmake (3.0) (Qt 5.7.1)
# Project:  stat.pro
# Template: app
# Command: /home/user/build/final/bin/qmake -config release -o Makefile stat.pro
#############################################################################

MAKEFILE      = Makefile

####### Compiler, tools and options

CC            = gcc
CXX           = g++
DEFINES       = -DQT_NO_DEBUG -DQT_GUI_LIB -DQT_CORE_LIB
CFLAGS        = -pipe -O2 -Wall -W -D_REENTRANT -fPIC $(DEFINES)
CXXFLAGS      = -pipe -O2 -std=gnu++11 -Wall -W -D_REENTRANT -fPIC $(DEFINES)
INCPATH       = -I. -I. -I../build/final/include -I../build/final/include/QtGui -I../build/final/include/QtCore -I. -I../build/final/mkspecs/linux-g++
QMAKE         = /home/user/build/final/bin/qmake
DEL_FILE      = rm -f
CHK_DIR_EXISTS= test -d
MKDIR         = mkdir -p
COPY          = cp -f
COPY_FILE     = cp -f
COPY_DIR      = cp -f -R
INSTALL_FILE  = install -m 644 -p
INSTALL_PROGRAM = install -m 755 -p
INSTALL_DIR   = cp -f -R
DEL_FILE      = rm -f
SYMLINK       = ln -f -s
DEL_DIR       = rmdir
MOVE          = mv -f
TAR           = tar -cf
COMPRESS      = gzip -9f
DISTNAME      = stat1.0.0
DISTDIR = /home/user/stat/.tmp/stat1.0.0
LINK          = g++
LFLAGS        = -Wl,-O1
LIBS          = $(SUBLIBS) -L/home/user/build/final/lib -L/home/user/build/final/plugins/platforms -lqxcb -L/home/user/build/final/plugins/xcbglintegrations -lqxcb-egl-integration -lqxcb-glx-integration -lxcb-glx -lQt5XcbQpa -lSM -lICE -lxcb-static -L/home/user/build/final/plugins/imageformats -lqdds -lqicns -lqico -lqtga -lqtiff -lqwbmp -lqwebp -L/home/user/build/final/plugins/egldeviceintegrations -lqeglfs-x11-integration -lX11-xcb -lxcb -lQt5EglDeviceIntegration -lQt5PlatformSupport -lQt5DBus -lqtfreetype -lXext -lX11 -lQt5Gui -lqtpng -lqtharfbuzzng -lQt5Core -lz -lqtpcre -lm -ldl -lrt -lEGL -lGL -lpthread 
AR            = ar cqs
RANLIB        = 
SED           = sed
STRIP         = strip

####### Output directory

OBJECTS_DIR   = ./

####### Files

SOURCES       = test.cpp /home/user/stat/stat_plugin_import.cpp
OBJECTS       = test.o \
        stat_plugin_import.o
DIST          = ../build/final/mkspecs/features/spec_pre.prf \
        ../build/final/mkspecs/common/unix.conf \
        ../build/final/mkspecs/common/linux.conf \
        ../build/final/mkspecs/common/sanitize.conf \
        ../build/final/mkspecs/common/gcc-base.conf \
        ../build/final/mkspecs/common/gcc-base-unix.conf \
        ../build/final/mkspecs/common/g++-base.conf \
        ../build/final/mkspecs/common/g++-unix.conf \
        ../build/final/mkspecs/qconfig.pri \
        ../build/final/mkspecs/modules/qt_lib_3dcore.pri \
        #CUT
        ../build/final/mkspecs/features/qt_config.prf \
        ../build/final/mkspecs/linux-g++/qmake.conf \
        ../build/final/mkspecs/features/spec_post.prf \
        .qmake.stash \
        ../build/final/mkspecs/features/exclusive_builds.prf \
        ../build/final/mkspecs/features/toolchain.prf \
        ../build/final/mkspecs/features/default_pre.prf \
        ../build/final/mkspecs/features/resolve_config.prf \
        ../build/final/mkspecs/features/default_post.prf \
        ../build/final/mkspecs/features/warn_on.prf \
        ../build/final/mkspecs/features/qt.prf \
        ../build/final/mkspecs/features/resources.prf \
        ../build/final/mkspecs/features/moc.prf \
        ../build/final/mkspecs/features/unix/opengl.prf \
        ../build/final/mkspecs/features/unix/thread.prf \
        ../build/final/mkspecs/features/file_copies.prf \
        ../build/final/mkspecs/features/testcase_targets.prf \
        ../build/final/mkspecs/features/exceptions.prf \
        ../build/final/mkspecs/features/yacc.prf \
        ../build/final/mkspecs/features/lex.prf \
        stat.pro  test.cpp
QMAKE_TARGET  = stat
DESTDIR       = 
TARGET        = stat


first: all
####### Build rules

$(TARGET): /home/user/build/final/lib/libQt5Gui.a /home/user/build/final/lib/libQt5Core.a $(OBJECTS)  
    $(LINK) $(LFLAGS) -o $(TARGET) $(OBJECTS) $(OBJCOMP) $(LIBS)

Makefile: stat.pro ../build/final/mkspecs/linux-g++/qmake.conf ../build/final/mkspecs/features/spec_pre.prf \
        ../build/final/mkspecs/common/unix.conf \
        ../build/final/mkspecs/common/linux.conf \
        ../build/final/mkspecs/common/sanitize.conf \
        ../build/final/mkspecs/common/gcc-base.conf \
        ../build/final/mkspecs/common/gcc-base-unix.conf \
        ../build/final/mkspecs/common/g++-base.conf \
        ../build/final/mkspecs/common/g++-unix.conf \
        ../build/final/mkspecs/qconfig.pri \
        ../build/final/mkspecs/modules/qt_lib_3dcore.pri \
        ../build/final/mkspecs/modules/qt_lib_3dcore_private.pri \
        ../build/final/mkspecs/modules/qt_lib_3dextras.pri \
        ../build/final/mkspecs/modules/qt_lib_3dextras_private.pri \
        ../build/final/mkspecs/modules/qt_lib_3dinput.pri \
        ../build/final/mkspecs/modules/qt_lib_3dinput_private.pri \
        ../build/final/mkspecs/modules/qt_lib_3dlogic.pri \
        ../build/final/mkspecs/modules/qt_lib_3dlogic_private.pri \
        ../build/final/mkspecs/modules/qt_lib_3dquick.pri \
        #CUT
        ../build/final/mkspecs/features/yacc.prf \
        ../build/final/mkspecs/features/lex.prf \
        stat.pro \
        ../build/final/lib/libQt5Gui.prl \
        ../build/final/lib/libQt5Core.prl \
        ../build/final/plugins/platforms/libqxcb.prl \
        ../build/final/plugins/xcbglintegrations/libqxcb-egl-integration.prl \
        ../build/final/plugins/xcbglintegrations/libqxcb-glx-integration.prl \
        ../build/final/plugins/imageformats/libqdds.prl \
        ../build/final/plugins/imageformats/libqicns.prl \
        ../build/final/plugins/imageformats/libqico.prl \
        ../build/final/plugins/imageformats/libqtga.prl \
        ../build/final/plugins/imageformats/libqtiff.prl \
        ../build/final/plugins/imageformats/libqwbmp.prl \
        ../build/final/plugins/imageformats/libqwebp.prl \
        ../build/final/plugins/egldeviceintegrations/libqeglfs-x11-integration.prl
    $(QMAKE) -config release -o Makefile stat.pro
../build/final/mkspecs/features/spec_pre.prf:
../build/final/mkspecs/common/unix.conf:
../build/final/mkspecs/common/linux.conf:
../build/final/mkspecs/common/sanitize.conf:
../build/final/mkspecs/common/gcc-base.conf:
../build/final/mkspecs/common/gcc-base-unix.conf:
../build/final/mkspecs/common/g++-base.conf:
../build/final/mkspecs/common/g++-unix.conf:
../build/final/mkspecs/qconfig.pri:
../build/final/mkspecs/modules/qt_lib_3dcore.pri:
#CUT
../build/final/mkspecs/modules/qt_plugin_qtuiotouchplugin.pri:
../build/final/mkspecs/modules/qt_plugin_qtvirtualkeyboardplugin.pri:
../build/final/mkspecs/modules/qt_plugin_qwbmp.pri:
../build/final/mkspecs/modules/qt_plugin_qwebp.pri:
../build/final/mkspecs/modules/qt_plugin_qxcb-egl-integration.pri:
../build/final/mkspecs/modules/qt_plugin_qxcb-glx-integration.pri:
../build/final/mkspecs/modules/qt_plugin_qxcb.pri:
../build/final/mkspecs/features/qt_functions.prf:
../build/final/mkspecs/features/qt_config.prf:
../build/final/mkspecs/linux-g++/qmake.conf:
../build/final/mkspecs/features/spec_post.prf:
.qmake.stash:
../build/final/mkspecs/features/exclusive_builds.prf:
../build/final/mkspecs/features/toolchain.prf:
../build/final/mkspecs/features/default_pre.prf:
../build/final/mkspecs/features/resolve_config.prf:
../build/final/mkspecs/features/default_post.prf:
../build/final/mkspecs/features/warn_on.prf:
../build/final/mkspecs/features/qt.prf:
../build/final/mkspecs/features/resources.prf:
../build/final/mkspecs/features/moc.prf:
../build/final/mkspecs/features/unix/opengl.prf:
../build/final/mkspecs/features/unix/thread.prf:
../build/final/mkspecs/features/file_copies.prf:
../build/final/mkspecs/features/testcase_targets.prf:
../build/final/mkspecs/features/exceptions.prf:
../build/final/mkspecs/features/yacc.prf:
../build/final/mkspecs/features/lex.prf:
stat.pro:
../build/final/lib/libQt5Gui.prl:
../build/final/lib/libQt5Core.prl:
../build/final/plugins/platforms/libqxcb.prl:
../build/final/plugins/xcbglintegrations/libqxcb-egl-integration.prl:
../build/final/plugins/xcbglintegrations/libqxcb-glx-integration.prl:
../build/final/plugins/imageformats/libqdds.prl:
../build/final/plugins/imageformats/libqicns.prl:
../build/final/plugins/imageformats/libqico.prl:
../build/final/plugins/imageformats/libqtga.prl:
../build/final/plugins/imageformats/libqtiff.prl:
../build/final/plugins/imageformats/libqwbmp.prl:
../build/final/plugins/imageformats/libqwebp.prl:
../build/final/plugins/egldeviceintegrations/libqeglfs-x11-integration.prl:
qmake: FORCE
    @$(QMAKE) -config release -o Makefile stat.pro

qmake_all: FORCE


all: Makefile $(TARGET)

dist: distdir FORCE
    (cd `dirname $(DISTDIR)` && $(TAR) $(DISTNAME).tar $(DISTNAME) && $(COMPRESS) $(DISTNAME).tar) && $(MOVE) `dirname $(DISTDIR)`/$(DISTNAME).tar.gz . && $(DEL_FILE) -r $(DISTDIR)

distdir: FORCE
    @test -d $(DISTDIR) || mkdir -p $(DISTDIR)
    $(COPY_FILE) --parents $(DIST) $(DISTDIR)/
    $(COPY_FILE) --parents test.cpp $(DISTDIR)/


clean: compiler_clean 
    -$(DEL_FILE) $(OBJECTS)
    -$(DEL_FILE) *~ core *.core


distclean: clean 
    -$(DEL_FILE) $(TARGET) 
    -$(DEL_FILE) /home/user/stat/stat_plugin_import.cpp .qmake.stash
    -$(DEL_FILE) Makefile


####### Sub-libraries

mocclean: compiler_moc_header_clean compiler_moc_source_clean

mocables: compiler_moc_header_make_all compiler_moc_source_make_all

check: first

benchmark: first

compiler_rcc_make_all:
compiler_rcc_clean:
compiler_moc_header_make_all:
compiler_moc_header_clean:
compiler_moc_source_make_all:
compiler_moc_source_clean:
compiler_yacc_decl_make_all:
compiler_yacc_decl_clean:
compiler_yacc_impl_make_all:
compiler_yacc_impl_clean:
compiler_lex_make_all:
compiler_lex_clean:
compiler_clean: 

####### Compile

test.o: test.cpp ../build/final/include/QtGui/QtGui \
        ../build/final/include/QtGui/QtGuiDepends \
        ../build/final/include/QtCore/QtCore \
        ../build/final/include/QtCore/QtCoreDepends \
        ../build/final/include/QtCore/qabstractanimation.h \
        ../build/final/include/QtCore/qobject.h \
        ../build/final/include/QtCore/qobjectdefs.h \
        ../build/final/include/QtCore/qnamespace.h \
        ../build/final/include/QtCore/qglobal.h \
        ../build/final/include/QtCore/qconfig.h \
        ../build/final/include/QtCore/qfeatures.h \
        ../build/final/include/QtCore/qsystemdetection.h \
        ../build/final/include/QtCore/qprocessordetection.h \
        ../build/final/include/QtCore/qcompilerdetection.h \
        ../build/final/include/QtCore/qtypeinfo.h \
        ../build/final/include/QtCore/qtypetraits.h \
        #CUT
        ../build/final/include/QtGui/qtextobject.h \
        ../build/final/include/QtGui/qtextdocumentfragment.h \
        ../build/final/include/QtGui/qtextdocumentwriter.h \
        ../build/final/include/QtGui/qtextlist.h \
        ../build/final/include/QtGui/qtexttable.h \
        ../build/final/include/QtGui/qdesktopservices.h \
        ../build/final/include/QtGui/qvalidator.h \
        ../build/final/include/QtGui/qtguiversion.h
    $(CXX) -c $(CXXFLAGS) $(INCPATH) -o test.o test.cpp

stat_plugin_import.o: /home/user/stat/stat_plugin_import.cpp 
    $(CXX) -c $(CXXFLAGS) $(INCPATH) -o stat_plugin_import.o /home/user/stat/stat_plugin_import.cpp

####### Install

install:  FORCE

uninstall:  FORCE

FORCE:

make 导致错误：

Makefile:1169: warning: overriding commands for target `stat_plugin_import.o'
Makefile:808: warning: ignoring old commands for target `stat_plugin_import.o'
g++ -c -pipe -O2 -std=gnu++11 -Wall -W -D_REENTRANT -fPIC -DQT_NO_DEBUG -DQT_GUI_LIB -DQT_CORE_LIB -I. -I. -I../build/final/include -I../build/final/include/QtGui -I../build/final/include/QtCore -I. -I../build/final/mkspecs/linux-g++ -o test.o test.cpp
test.cpp: In function ‘int main(int, char**)’:
test.cpp:3:22: error: variable ‘QApplication app’ has initializer but incomplete type
     QApplication app(argc, argv);
                      ^
test.cpp:4:5: error: ‘QMainWindow’ was not declared in this scope
     QMainWindow window;
     ^
test.cpp:4:17: error: expected ‘;’ before ‘window’
     QMainWindow window;
                 ^
test.cpp:5:5: error: ‘window’ was not declared in this scope
     window.resize(250, 150);
     ^
make: *** [test.o] Error 1

于是看了官方文档，尝试了如下命令： PATH=/home/user/build/final/bin:$PATH
export PATH
qmake -config release
make
但是我遇到了与上面相同的错误

将 #include <QtGui> 更改为 #include <QApplication> 和 #include <QMainWindow> returns:

g++ -c -pipe -O2 -std=gnu++11 -Wall -W -D_REENTRANT -fPIC -DQT_NO_DEBUG -DQT_GUI_LIB -DQT_CORE_LIB -I. -I. -I../build/final/include -I../build/final/include/QtGui -I../build/final/include/QtCore -I. -I../build/final/mkspecs/linux-g++ -o test.o test.cpp
test.cpp:2:24: fatal error: QApplication: No such file or directory
 #include <QApplication>
                        ^
compilation terminated.
make: *** [test.o] Error 1

在此先感谢您的帮助

Answer 1

改变

#include <QtGui>

到

#include <QApplication>
#include <QMainWindow>

AlexanderXV 的评论很好，因为它告诉链接器使用 QtWidgets 并为编译器设置正确的路径。在Qt5中，.pro文件中的命令为：

QT += widgets

来源：https://doc.qt.io/qt-5/qtwidgets-index.html

加上：

您可以使用单个 #include <QtWidgets>，它包括 QtWidgets 中的所有其他头文件。

Qt5 静态链接在 Ubuntu Linux 上失败

Qt5 static linking fails on Ubuntu Linux

c++

linux

qt

build

static-linking