lxml

Question

假设我有以下代码：

<div id="first">
  <div id="second">
    <a></a>
    <ul>...</ul>
  </div>
</div>

这是我的代码：

div_parents = root_element.xpath('//div[div]')

for div in reversed(div_parents): 
    if len(div.getchildren()) == 1:
        # remove second div and replace it with it's content

我用 div children 达到了 div，然后我想删除 child div 如果那是唯一的 child 是 parent 了。结果应该是：

<div id="first">
   <a></a>
   <ul>...</ul>
</div>

我想这样做：

div.replace(div.getchildren()[0], div.getchildren()[0].getchildren())

但不幸的是，replace 的两个参数应该只包含一个 element。有什么比将第一个 div 的所有属性重新分配给第二个 div 然后替换两者更容易的事情吗？ - 因为我可以轻松做到：

div.getparent().replace(div, div.getchildren()[0])

Answer 1

考虑将 copy.deepcopy 用作 suggested in the docs:

例如：

div_parents = root_element.xpath('//div[div]')

for outer_div in div_parents:
    if len(outer_div.getchildren()) == 1:
        inner_div = outer_div[0]
        # Copy the children of innder_div to outer_div
        for e in inner_div: outer_div.append( copy.deepcopy(e) )
        # Remove inner_div from outer_div
        outer_div.remove(inner_div)

用于测试的完整代码：

import copy
import lxml.etree

def pprint(e): print(lxml.etree.tostring(e, pretty_print=True))

xml = '''
<body>
    <div id="first">
      <div id="second">
        <a>...</a>
        <ul>...</ul>
      </div>
    </div>
</body>
'''

root_element = lxml.etree.fromstring(xml)
div_parents = root_element.xpath('//div[div]')

for outer_div in div_parents:
    if len(outer_div.getchildren()) == 1:
        inner_div = outer_div[0]
        # Copy the children of innder_div to outer_div
        for e in inner_div: outer_div.append( copy.deepcopy(e) )
        # Remove inner_div from outer_div
        outer_div.remove(inner_div)

pprint(root_element)

输出：

<body>
    <div id="first">
      <a>...</a>
        <ul>...</ul>
      </div>
</body>

注意：测试代码中封闭的 <body> 标签是不必要的，我只是用它来测试多个案例。测试代码对您的输入没有问题。

Answer 2

我只想使用列表替换：

 from lxml.etree import fromstring, tostring

 xml = """<div id="first">
   <div id="second">
     <a></a>
     <ul>...</ul>
   </div>
 </div>"""


 doc = fromstring(xml)
 outer_divs = doc.xpath("//div[div]")

 for outer in outer_divs:
     outer[:] = list(outer[0])


 print tostring(doc)

lxml - 如何删除元素而不是它的内容？

lxml - how to remove element but not it's content?

python