如何融化 Spark DataFrame?

How to melt Spark DataFrame?

在 PySpark 或至少在 Scala 中,Apache Spark 中是否有等同于 Pandas Melt 函数的函数?

我在 Python 之前是 运行 样本数据集,现在我想对整个数据集使用 Spark。

没有 built-in 函数(如果您使用 SQL 并启用了 Hive 支持,您可以使用 stack function,但它没有在 Spark 中公开并且没有本机实现)但是自己动手是微不足道的。需要导入:

from pyspark.sql.functions import array, col, explode, lit, struct
from pyspark.sql import DataFrame
from typing import Iterable 

示例实现:

def melt(
        df: DataFrame, 
        id_vars: Iterable[str], value_vars: Iterable[str], 
        var_name: str="variable", value_name: str="value") -> DataFrame:
    """Convert :class:`DataFrame` from wide to long format."""

    # Create array<struct<variable: str, value: ...>>
    _vars_and_vals = array(*(
        struct(lit(c).alias(var_name), col(c).alias(value_name)) 
        for c in value_vars))

    # Add to the DataFrame and explode
    _tmp = df.withColumn("_vars_and_vals", explode(_vars_and_vals))

    cols = id_vars + [
            col("_vars_and_vals")[x].alias(x) for x in [var_name, value_name]]
    return _tmp.select(*cols)

和一些测试(基于Pandas doctests):

import pandas as pd

pdf = pd.DataFrame({'A': {0: 'a', 1: 'b', 2: 'c'},
                   'B': {0: 1, 1: 3, 2: 5},
                   'C': {0: 2, 1: 4, 2: 6}})

pd.melt(pdf, id_vars=['A'], value_vars=['B', 'C'])
   A variable  value
0  a        B      1
1  b        B      3
2  c        B      5
3  a        C      2
4  b        C      4
5  c        C      6
sdf = spark.createDataFrame(pdf)
melt(sdf, id_vars=['A'], value_vars=['B', 'C']).show()
+---+--------+-----+
|  A|variable|value|
+---+--------+-----+
|  a|       B|    1|
|  a|       C|    2|
|  b|       B|    3|
|  b|       C|    4|
|  c|       B|    5|
|  c|       C|    6|
+---+--------+-----+

注意:要与旧版 Python 一起使用,请删除类型注释。

相关:

  • r sparkR - equivalent to melt function

我在 Spark for Scala 中搜索 melt 的实现时遇到了这个问题。

发布我的 Scala 端口以防有人也偶然发现这个。

import org.apache.spark.sql.functions._
import org.apache.spark.sql.{DataFrame}
/** Extends the [[org.apache.spark.sql.DataFrame]] class
 *
 *  @param df the data frame to melt
 */
implicit class DataFrameFunctions(df: DataFrame) {

    /** Convert [[org.apache.spark.sql.DataFrame]] from wide to long format.
     * 
     *  melt is (kind of) the inverse of pivot
     *  melt is currently (02/2017) not implemented in spark
     *
     *  @see reshape packe in R (https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/reshape/index.html)
     *  @see this is a scala adaptation of 
     *  
     *  @todo method overloading for simple calling
     *
     *  @param id_vars the columns to preserve
     *  @param value_vars the columns to melt
     *  @param var_name the name for the column holding the melted columns names
     *  @param value_name the name for the column holding the values of the melted columns
     *
     */

    def melt(
            id_vars: Seq[String], value_vars: Seq[String], 
            var_name: String = "variable", value_name: String = "value") : DataFrame = {

        // Create array<struct<variable: str, value: ...>>
        val _vars_and_vals = array((for (c <- value_vars) yield { struct(lit(c).alias(var_name), col(c).alias(value_name)) }): _*)

        // Add to the DataFrame and explode
        val _tmp = df.withColumn("_vars_and_vals", explode(_vars_and_vals))

        val cols = id_vars.map(col _) ++ { for (x <- List(var_name, value_name)) yield { col("_vars_and_vals")(x).alias(x) }}

        return _tmp.select(cols: _*)

    }
}

考虑到 Scala,由于我不是那么先进,我确信还有改进的余地。

欢迎任何意见。

更新

我终于找到了对我来说最有效的实现方式。它在我的 yarn 配置中使用集群的所有资源。

from pyspark.sql.functions import explode
def melt(df):
    sp = df.columns[1:]
    return (df
            .rdd
            .map(lambda x: [str(x[0]), [(str(i[0]), 
                                         float(i[1] if i[1] else 0)) for i in zip(sp, x[1:])]], 
                 preservesPartitioning = True)
            .toDF()
            .withColumn('_2', explode('_2'))
            .rdd.map(lambda x: [str(x[0]), 
                                str(x[1][0]), 
                                float(x[1][1] if x[1][1] else 0)], 
                     preservesPartitioning = True)
            .toDF()
            )

对于非常宽的数据帧,我从用户 6910411 的回答中得到 _vars_and_vals 代的性能下降。

通过 selectExpr

实现熔化很有用
columns=['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f']
pd_df = pd.DataFrame([[1,2,3,4,5,6], [4,5,6,7,9,8], [7,8,9,1,2,4], [8,3,9,8,7,4]], columns=columns)
df = spark.createDataFrame(pd_df)
+---+---+---+---+---+---+
|  a|  b|  c|  d|  e|  f|
+---+---+---+---+---+---+
|  1|  2|  3|  4|  5|  6|
|  4|  5|  6|  7|  9|  8|
|  7|  8|  9|  1|  2|  4|
|  8|  3|  9|  8|  7|  4|
+---+---+---+---+---+---+

cols = df.columns[1:]
df.selectExpr('a', "stack({}, {})".format(len(cols), ', '.join(("'{}', {}".format(i, i) for i in cols))))
+---+----+----+
|  a|col0|col1|
+---+----+----+
|  1|   b|   2|
|  1|   c|   3|
|  1|   d|   4|
|  1|   e|   5|
|  1|   f|   6|
|  4|   b|   5|
|  4|   c|   6|
|  4|   d|   7|
|  4|   e|   9|
|  4|   f|   8|
|  7|   b|   8|
|  7|   c|   9|
...

为 user6910411 的回答投票。它按预期工作,但是,它不能很好地处理 None 值。因此我将他的 melt 函数重构为以下内容:

from pyspark.sql.functions import array, col, explode, lit
from pyspark.sql.functions import create_map
from pyspark.sql import DataFrame
from typing import Iterable 
from itertools import chain

def melt(
        df: DataFrame, 
        id_vars: Iterable[str], value_vars: Iterable[str], 
        var_name: str="variable", value_name: str="value") -> DataFrame:
    """Convert :class:`DataFrame` from wide to long format."""

    # Create map<key: value>
    _vars_and_vals = create_map(
        list(chain.from_iterable([
            [lit(c), col(c)] for c in value_vars]
        ))
    )

    _tmp = df.select(*id_vars, explode(_vars_and_vals)) \
        .withColumnRenamed('key', var_name) \
        .withColumnRenamed('value', value_name)

    return _tmp

测试使用以下数据框:

import pandas as pd

pdf = pd.DataFrame({'A': {0: 'a', 1: 'b', 2: 'c'},
                   'B': {0: 1, 1: 3, 2: 5},
                   'C': {0: 2, 1: 4, 2: 6},
                   'D': {1: 7, 2: 9}})

pd.melt(pdf, id_vars=['A'], value_vars=['B', 'C', 'D'])

A   variable    value
0   a   B   1.0
1   b   B   3.0
2   c   B   5.0
3   a   C   2.0
4   b   C   4.0
5   c   C   6.0
6   a   D   NaN
7   b   D   7.0
8   c   D   9.0

sdf = spark.createDataFrame(pdf)
melt(sdf, id_vars=['A'], value_vars=['B', 'C', 'D']).show()
+---+--------+-----+
|  A|variable|value|
+---+--------+-----+
|  a|       B|  1.0|
|  a|       C|  2.0|
|  a|       D|  NaN|
|  b|       B|  3.0|
|  b|       C|  4.0|
|  b|       D|  7.0|
|  c|       B|  5.0|
|  c|       C|  6.0|
|  c|       D|  9.0|
+---+--------+-----+