更改 PostgreSQL 中的主键 table

Change primary key in PostgreSQL table

我的 PostgreSQL 9.3.6 数据库中有 users table,其中有两列:idanother_idid 是主键,another_id 只是另一个具有唯一约束的整数列。

还有其他table通过主键引用用户。

这是 users table 的描述:

Table "public.users"
        Column        |              Type              |               Modifiers                | Storage | Stats target | Description 
----------------------+--------------------------------+----------------------------------------+---------+--------------+-------------
 id                   | integer                        | not null                               | plain   |              | 
 another_id           | integer                        | not null                               | plain   |              | 

Indexes:
    "users_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id)
    "uniq_1483a5e93414710b" UNIQUE, btree (another_id)

Referenced by:
    TABLE "foo_table" CONSTRAINT "fk_4affc6e5a76ed395" FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE
    TABLE "bar_table" CONSTRAINT "fk_72936b1da76ed395" FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE
    TABLE "baz_table" CONSTRAINT "fk_83adbaf0a76ed395" FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE

这里是 foo_table 描述:

Table "public.foo_table"
    Column    |              Type              |                   Modifiers                   | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
--------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+----------+--------------+-------------
 id           | integer                        | not null                                      | plain    |              | 
 user_id      | integer                        |                                               | plain    |              | 

Indexes:
    "foo_table_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id)
    "idx_e52ffdeea76ed395" btree (user_id)
Foreign-key constraints:
    "fk_e52ffdeea76ed395" FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE

如何将 PostgreSQL table 中的主键从 id 列替换为 another_id 列并保持数据完整性?

我花了一些时间终于想出了一个可行的解决方案。

我会在这里发布以供将来参考。

解决方案

首先,您有三个 table(foo_tablebar_tablebaz_table)指向您的 users table 通过外键(在所有情况下称为 user_id )。您需要将存储在这些列中的 ID 从 id 替换为 another_id。方法如下:

-- We are dropping the foreign key constraint on dependant table (in other case it will prevent us from updating the values)
ALTER TABLE foo_table DROP CONSTRAINT fk_e52ffdeea76ed395;

-- Then, we're swapping values in foreign key column from id to another_id
UPDATE foo_table T SET user_id = (SELECT another_id FROM users WHERE id = T.user_id);

-- And finally we're creating new foreign key constraint pointing to the another_id instead of id
ALTER TABLE foo_table ADD CONSTRAINT fk_e52ffdeea76ed395 FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users (another_id) ON DELETE CASCADE;

您将需要为每个受抚养人重复上述查询 table。

之后,所有从属 table 将指向您的新 another_id 列。

最后我们只需要替换主键:

-- 1. Dropping the original primary key
ALTER TABLE users DROP CONSTRAINT users_pkey

-- 2. Renaming existing index for another_id (optional)
ALTER INDEX uniq_1483a5e93414710b RENAME TO users_pkey

-- 3. Creating new primary key using existing index for another_id
ALTER TABLE users ADD PRIMARY KEY USING INDEX users_pkey

-- 4. Creating index for old id column (optional)
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX users_id ON users (id)

-- 5. You can drop the original sequence generator if you won't need it
DROP SEQUENCE users_id_seq

如果需要,您甚至可以删除原始 id 列。

希望对大家有所帮助。