更改 PostgreSQL 中的主键 table
Change primary key in PostgreSQL table
我的 PostgreSQL 9.3.6
数据库中有 users
table,其中有两列:id
和 another_id
。 id
是主键,another_id
只是另一个具有唯一约束的整数列。
还有其他table通过主键引用用户。
这是 users
table 的描述:
Table "public.users"
Column | Type | Modifiers | Storage | Stats target | Description
----------------------+--------------------------------+----------------------------------------+---------+--------------+-------------
id | integer | not null | plain | |
another_id | integer | not null | plain | |
Indexes:
"users_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id)
"uniq_1483a5e93414710b" UNIQUE, btree (another_id)
Referenced by:
TABLE "foo_table" CONSTRAINT "fk_4affc6e5a76ed395" FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE
TABLE "bar_table" CONSTRAINT "fk_72936b1da76ed395" FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE
TABLE "baz_table" CONSTRAINT "fk_83adbaf0a76ed395" FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE
这里是 foo_table
描述:
Table "public.foo_table"
Column | Type | Modifiers | Storage | Stats target | Description
--------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+----------+--------------+-------------
id | integer | not null | plain | |
user_id | integer | | plain | |
Indexes:
"foo_table_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id)
"idx_e52ffdeea76ed395" btree (user_id)
Foreign-key constraints:
"fk_e52ffdeea76ed395" FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE
如何将 PostgreSQL table 中的主键从 id
列替换为 another_id
列并保持数据完整性?
我花了一些时间终于想出了一个可行的解决方案。
我会在这里发布以供将来参考。
解决方案
首先,您有三个 table(foo_table
、bar_table
、baz_table
)指向您的 users
table 通过外键(在所有情况下称为 user_id
)。您需要将存储在这些列中的 ID 从 id
替换为 another_id
。方法如下:
-- We are dropping the foreign key constraint on dependant table (in other case it will prevent us from updating the values)
ALTER TABLE foo_table DROP CONSTRAINT fk_e52ffdeea76ed395;
-- Then, we're swapping values in foreign key column from id to another_id
UPDATE foo_table T SET user_id = (SELECT another_id FROM users WHERE id = T.user_id);
-- And finally we're creating new foreign key constraint pointing to the another_id instead of id
ALTER TABLE foo_table ADD CONSTRAINT fk_e52ffdeea76ed395 FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users (another_id) ON DELETE CASCADE;
您将需要为每个受抚养人重复上述查询 table。
之后,所有从属 table 将指向您的新 another_id
列。
最后我们只需要替换主键:
-- 1. Dropping the original primary key
ALTER TABLE users DROP CONSTRAINT users_pkey
-- 2. Renaming existing index for another_id (optional)
ALTER INDEX uniq_1483a5e93414710b RENAME TO users_pkey
-- 3. Creating new primary key using existing index for another_id
ALTER TABLE users ADD PRIMARY KEY USING INDEX users_pkey
-- 4. Creating index for old id column (optional)
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX users_id ON users (id)
-- 5. You can drop the original sequence generator if you won't need it
DROP SEQUENCE users_id_seq
如果需要,您甚至可以删除原始 id
列。
希望对大家有所帮助。
我的 PostgreSQL 9.3.6
数据库中有 users
table,其中有两列:id
和 another_id
。 id
是主键,another_id
只是另一个具有唯一约束的整数列。
还有其他table通过主键引用用户。
这是 users
table 的描述:
Table "public.users"
Column | Type | Modifiers | Storage | Stats target | Description
----------------------+--------------------------------+----------------------------------------+---------+--------------+-------------
id | integer | not null | plain | |
another_id | integer | not null | plain | |
Indexes:
"users_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id)
"uniq_1483a5e93414710b" UNIQUE, btree (another_id)
Referenced by:
TABLE "foo_table" CONSTRAINT "fk_4affc6e5a76ed395" FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE
TABLE "bar_table" CONSTRAINT "fk_72936b1da76ed395" FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE
TABLE "baz_table" CONSTRAINT "fk_83adbaf0a76ed395" FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE
这里是 foo_table
描述:
Table "public.foo_table"
Column | Type | Modifiers | Storage | Stats target | Description
--------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+----------+--------------+-------------
id | integer | not null | plain | |
user_id | integer | | plain | |
Indexes:
"foo_table_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id)
"idx_e52ffdeea76ed395" btree (user_id)
Foreign-key constraints:
"fk_e52ffdeea76ed395" FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE
如何将 PostgreSQL table 中的主键从 id
列替换为 another_id
列并保持数据完整性?
我花了一些时间终于想出了一个可行的解决方案。
我会在这里发布以供将来参考。
解决方案
首先,您有三个 table(foo_table
、bar_table
、baz_table
)指向您的 users
table 通过外键(在所有情况下称为 user_id
)。您需要将存储在这些列中的 ID 从 id
替换为 another_id
。方法如下:
-- We are dropping the foreign key constraint on dependant table (in other case it will prevent us from updating the values)
ALTER TABLE foo_table DROP CONSTRAINT fk_e52ffdeea76ed395;
-- Then, we're swapping values in foreign key column from id to another_id
UPDATE foo_table T SET user_id = (SELECT another_id FROM users WHERE id = T.user_id);
-- And finally we're creating new foreign key constraint pointing to the another_id instead of id
ALTER TABLE foo_table ADD CONSTRAINT fk_e52ffdeea76ed395 FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users (another_id) ON DELETE CASCADE;
您将需要为每个受抚养人重复上述查询 table。
之后,所有从属 table 将指向您的新 another_id
列。
最后我们只需要替换主键:
-- 1. Dropping the original primary key
ALTER TABLE users DROP CONSTRAINT users_pkey
-- 2. Renaming existing index for another_id (optional)
ALTER INDEX uniq_1483a5e93414710b RENAME TO users_pkey
-- 3. Creating new primary key using existing index for another_id
ALTER TABLE users ADD PRIMARY KEY USING INDEX users_pkey
-- 4. Creating index for old id column (optional)
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX users_id ON users (id)
-- 5. You can drop the original sequence generator if you won't need it
DROP SEQUENCE users_id_seq
如果需要,您甚至可以删除原始 id
列。
希望对大家有所帮助。