如何通过 JUnit 测试拦截 SLF4J(带 logback)日志记录?

How to intercept SLF4J (with logback) logging via a JUnit test?

是否有可能以某种方式拦截日志记录(SLF4J + logback)并通过 JUnit 测试用例获得 InputStream(或其他可读的东西)...?

您可以创建自定义附加程序

public class TestAppender extends AppenderBase<LoggingEvent> {
    static List<LoggingEvent> events = new ArrayList<>();
    
    @Override
    protected void append(LoggingEvent e) {
        events.add(e);
    }
}

并配置 logback-test.xml 以使用它。现在我们可以检查测试中的日志记录事件:

@Test
public void test() {
    ...
    Assert.assertEquals(1, TestAppender.events.size());
    ...
}

注意:如果您没有得到任何输出,请使用 ILoggingEvent - 请参阅评论部分了解原因。

您可以使用 http://projects.lidalia.org.uk/slf4j-test/ 中的 slf4j-test。 它用自己的 slf4j api 测试实现替换了整个 logback slf4j 实现,并提供了一个 api 来断言日志事件。

示例:

<build>
  <plugins>
    <plugin>
      <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
      <configuration>
        <classpathDependencyExcludes>
          <classpathDependencyExcludes>ch.qos.logback:logback-classic</classpathDependencyExcludes>
        </classpathDependencyExcludes>
      </configuration>
    </plugin>
  </plugins>
</build>

public class Slf4jUser {

    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Slf4jUser.class);

    public void aMethodThatLogs() {
        logger.info("Hello World!");
    }
}

public class Slf4jUserTest {

    Slf4jUser slf4jUser = new Slf4jUser();
    TestLogger logger = TestLoggerFactory.getTestLogger(Slf4jUser.class);

    @Test
    public void aMethodThatLogsLogsAsExpected() {
        slf4jUser.aMethodThatLogs();

        assertThat(logger.getLoggingEvents(), is(asList(info("Hello World!"))));
    }

    @After
    public void clearLoggers() {
        TestLoggerFactory.clear();
    }
}

我在测试日志行时遇到问题,例如:LOGGER.error(消息,异常)

http://projects.lidalia.org.uk/slf4j-test/ 中描述的解决方案也尝试对异常进行断言,并且重新创建堆栈跟踪并不容易(而且在我看来毫无价值)。

我是这样解决的:

import org.junit.Test;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import uk.org.lidalia.slf4jext.LoggerFactory;
import uk.org.lidalia.slf4jtest.TestLogger;
import uk.org.lidalia.slf4jtest.TestLoggerFactory;

import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
import static org.assertj.core.groups.Tuple.tuple;
import static uk.org.lidalia.slf4jext.Level.ERROR;
import static uk.org.lidalia.slf4jext.Level.INFO;


public class Slf4jLoggerTest {

    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Slf4jLoggerTest.class);


    private void methodUnderTestInSomeClassInProductionCode() {
        LOGGER.info("info message");
        LOGGER.error("error message");
        LOGGER.error("error message with exception", new RuntimeException("this part is not tested"));
    }





    private static final TestLogger TEST_LOGGER = TestLoggerFactory.getTestLogger(Slf4jLoggerTest.class);

    @Test
    public void testForMethod() throws Exception {
        // when
        methodUnderTestInSomeClassInProductionCode();

        // then
        assertThat(TEST_LOGGER.getLoggingEvents()).extracting("level", "message").contains(
                tuple(INFO, "info message"),
                tuple(ERROR, "error message"),
                tuple(ERROR, "error message with exception")
        );
    }

}

这也有不依赖 Hamcrest 匹配器 库的优点。

Slf4j API 没有提供这样的方法,但是 Logback 提供了一个简单的解决方案。

您可以使用 ListAppender :一个白盒 logback appender,其中日志条目被添加到我们可以用来进行断言的 public List 字段中。

这是一个简单的例子。

富 class :

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

public class Foo {

    static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Foo .class);

    public void doThat() {
        logger.info("start");
        //...
        logger.info("finish");
    }
}

FooTest class :

import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import ch.qos.logback.classic.Level;
import ch.qos.logback.classic.Logger;
import ch.qos.logback.classic.spi.ILoggingEvent;
import ch.qos.logback.core.read.ListAppender;

public class FooTest {

    @Test
    void doThat() throws Exception {
        // get Logback Logger 
        Logger fooLogger = (Logger) LoggerFactory.getLogger(Foo.class);

        // create and start a ListAppender
        ListAppender<ILoggingEvent> listAppender = new ListAppender<>();
        listAppender.start();

        // add the appender to the logger
        fooLogger.addAppender(listAppender);

        // call method under test
        Foo foo = new Foo();
        foo.doThat();

        // JUnit assertions
        List<ILoggingEvent> logsList = listAppender.list;
        assertEquals("start", logsList.get(0)
                                      .getMessage());
        assertEquals(Level.INFO, logsList.get(0)
                                         .getLevel());

        assertEquals("finish", logsList.get(1)
                                       .getMessage());
        assertEquals(Level.INFO, logsList.get(1)
                                         .getLevel());
    }
}

您还可以使用 Matcher/assertion 库作为 AssertJ 或 Hamcrest。

对于 AssertJ 它将是:

import org.assertj.core.api.Assertions;

Assertions.assertThat(listAppender.list)
          .extracting(ILoggingEvent::getFormattedMessage, ILoggingEvent::getLevel)
          .containsExactly(Tuple.tuple("start", Level.INFO), Tuple.tuple("finish", Level.INFO));

尽管创建自定义 logback appender 是一个很好的解决方案,但这只是第一步,您最终会使用 developing/reinventing slf4j-test, and if you go a bit further: spf4j-slf4j-test 或其他我还不知道的框架。

您最终需要担心在内存中保留了多少事件、在记录错误(但未断言)时单元测试失败、在测试失败时提供调试日志等...

免责声明:我是 spf4j-slf4j-test 的作者,我编写这个后端是为了能够更好地测试 spf4j,这是查看如何使用 spf4j- 示例的好地方slf4j-测试。我取得的主要优势之一是减少了我的构建输出(Travis 的限制),同时在发生故障时仍然拥有我需要的所有细节。

一个简单的解决方案可能是使用 Mockito 模拟 appender(例如)

MyClass.java

@Slf4j
class MyClass {
    public void doSomething() {
        log.info("I'm on it!");
    }
}

MyClassTest.java

import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.containsString;
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.is;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;         

@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)
public class MyClassTest {    

    @Mock private Appender<ILoggingEvent> mockAppender;
    private MyClass sut = new MyClass();    

    @Before
    public void setUp() {
        Logger logger = (Logger) LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyClass.class.getName());
        logger.addAppender(mockAppender);
    }

    @Test
    public void shouldLogInCaseOfError() {
        sut.doSomething();

        verify(mockAppender).doAppend(ArgumentMatchers.argThat(argument -> {
            assertThat(argument.getMessage(), containsString("I'm on it!"));
            assertThat(argument.getLevel(), is(Level.INFO));
            return true;
        }));

    }

}

注意:我使用的是断言而不是 returning false,因为它使代码和(可能的)错误更易于阅读,但如果您有多个验证,它将不起作用。在这种情况下,您需要 return boolean 指示值是否符合预期。

我会推荐一个简单、可重用的间谍实现,它可以作为 JUnit 规则包含在测试中:

public final class LogSpy extends ExternalResource {

    private Logger logger;
    private ListAppender<ILoggingEvent> appender;

    @Override
    protected void before() {
        appender = new ListAppender<>();
        logger = (Logger) LoggerFactory.getLogger(Logger.ROOT_LOGGER_NAME); // cast from facade (SLF4J) to implementation class (logback)
        logger.addAppender(appender);
        appender.start();
    }

    @Override
    protected void after() {
        logger.detachAppender(appender);
    }

    public List<ILoggingEvent> getEvents() {
        if (appender == null) {
            throw new UnexpectedTestError("LogSpy needs to be annotated with @Rule");
        }
        return appender.list;
    }
}

在您的测试中,您将通过以下方式激活间谍:

@Rule
public LogSpy log = new LogSpy();

调用 log.getEvents()(或其他自定义方法)来检查记录的事件。

使用 JUnit5 + AssertJ

private ListAppender<ILoggingEvent> logWatcher;

@BeforeEach
void setup() {
  this.logWatcher = new ListAppender<>();
  this.logWatcher.start();
  ((Logger) LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyClass.class)).addAppender(this.logWatcher);
}


@Test
void myMethod_logs2Messages() {

  ...
  int logSize = logWatcher.list.size();
  assertThat(logWatcher.list.get(logSize - 2).getFormattedMessage()).contains("EXPECTED MSG 1");
  assertThat(logWatcher.list.get(logSize - 1).getFormattedMessage()).contains("EXPECTED MSG 2");
}

归功于:@davidxxx 的回答。查看 import ch.qos.logback... 详细信息:

这是一种使用 lambda 的替代方法,它使日志捕获逻辑可在测试中重用(封装其实现)并且不需要 @BeforeEach/@AfterEach(在某些建议的解决方案中,appender未分离,这可能导致内存泄漏)。

被测代码:

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

public class MyService {

    private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyService.class);


    public void doSomething(String someInput) {
        ...
        LOG.info("processing request with input {}", someInput);
        ...
    }
}

拦截器助手:

package mypackage.util

import ch.qos.logback.classic.Logger;
import ch.qos.logback.classic.spi.ILoggingEvent;
import ch.qos.logback.core.read.ListAppender;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import java.util.List;

public class LogInterceptor {

    public static List<ILoggingEvent> interceptLogs(Class<?> klass, Runnable runnable) {
        final Logger logger = (Logger) LoggerFactory.getLogger(klass);
        final ListAppender<ILoggingEvent> listAppender = new ListAppender<>();
        listAppender.start();
        logger.addAppender(listAppender);
        try {
            runnable.run();
            return listAppender.list;
        } finally {
            logger.detachAppender(listAppender);
        }
    }
}

测试套件:


import static mypackage.util.LogInterceptor.interceptLogs;

public class MyServiceTest {

  private MyService myService; 
  ...

  @Test
  void doSomethingLogsLineWithTheGivenInput() {
        List<ILoggingEvent> logs = interceptLogs(
                myService.getClass(),
                () -> myService.doSomething("foo")
        );

        assertThat(logs).isNotEmpty();
        ILoggingEvent logEntry = logs.get(0);
        assertThat(logEntry.getFormattedMessage()).isEqualTo("Processing request with input foo");
        assertThat(logEntry.getLevel()).isEqualTo(Level.INFO);
  }

}