如何为 iOS 版本 9 + 10（也许还有 8）实施 Apple Push Notifications？
How implement Apple Push Notifications for iOS versions 9 + 10 (and perhaps 8)?
我还没有找到任何官方 Apple 文档讨论如何正确地同时为旧 iOS 版本和 iOS 10 实现推送通知。我看到的独立教程同样涵盖了单一 iOS 版本。
我看到了 iOS 10 的官方文档：
Local and Remote Notifications Overview 但它没有评论支持早期 iOS 版本。
以及 iOS 9 的教程：
Push Notifications Tutorial - Ray Wenderlich
而且我看到了各种 Whosebug 线程，内容涉及人们必须做出更改才能使他们的旧解决方案在新版本上运行：
哪个确实显示了处理 6 - 9 的代码。
但我看不到什么是正确的做法，从今天开始（iOS 10），但也支持旧设备。 ** 更新 ** App Store 表示只有 6% 的设备下载应用程序比 ios 9 旧，所以 如果只支持 9 + 10，我就这么办。
（我尝试从 iOS 10 示例开始，但它立即在 iOS 9.3 模拟设备上崩溃，尽管它在 iOS 10 中工作正常。所以我得出结论，我应该从有关为不同版本正确设置的信息开始。我可以 post 该代码，但我认为这会导致该线程朝错误的方向发展。我宁愿从 "should" 对多个版本的工作开始iOS 的版本，包括 10.)
如果我找不到解决方案，我将开始合并来自不同 Whosebug 代码片段的代码……但是认真的吗？我一定遗漏了一些东西，因为大概每个 iOS 开发人员都有这个问题。
相反，我可以从一个较旧的示例开始，然后进行更改以使其与 iOS 10 - 一起使用，但会充分利用 iOS 10?
注意：我在 Xamarin C# 中编程，但 Objective-C 或 Swift 答案同样有用。
这是 Xamarin C# 代码（与 Objective-C 不同的语法和大小写，但我认为它是可翻译的 line-by-line 到 Objective-C） .
在 iOS 9.3 和 iOS 10.2 上测试。
要初始化 "local" 和 "remote" 通知：
// "UIApplicationDelegate" is for "local" notifications,
// "IUNUserNotificationCenterDelegate, IMessagingDelegate" for "remote" notifications.
public class AppDelegate : UIApplicationDelegate,
IUNUserNotificationCenterDelegate, IMessagingDelegate
{
...
public override bool FinishedLaunching( UIApplication application, NSDictionary launchOptions )
{
...
RegisterForOurRemoteNotifications( this );
RegisterForOurLocalNotifications();
...
}
...
// --- Comment out if not using Google FCM. ---
public override void RegisteredForRemoteNotifications( UIApplication application, NSData deviceToken )
{
//base.RegisteredForRemoteNotifications( application, deviceToken );
Firebase.InstanceID.InstanceId.SharedInstance.SetApnsToken( deviceToken,
Firebase.InstanceID.ApnsTokenType.Sandbox );
}
...
// ----- "static"; Could be in another class. -----
// These flags are for our convenience, so we know initialization was done.
static bool IsRegisteredForNotifications;
static bool IsRegisteredForRemoteNotifications;
// Optional - true when we are using Google "Firebase Cloud Messaging".
static bool HasFCM;
public static void RegisterForOurRemoteNotifications( AppDelegate del )
{
// Google "Firebase Cloud Messaging" (FCM) Monitor token generation
// (Uncomment, if you are using FCM for notifications.)
//InstanceId.Notifications.ObserveTokenRefresh( TokenRefreshNotification );
if (UIDevice.CurrentDevice.CheckSystemVersion( 10, 0 )) {
// iOS 10 or later
var authOptions = UNAuthorizationOptions.Alert | UNAuthorizationOptions.Badge | UNAuthorizationOptions.Sound;
UNUserNotificationCenter.Current.RequestAuthorization( authOptions, ( granted, error ) => {
Console.WriteLine( granted );
} );
// For iOS 10 display notification (sent via APNS)
UNUserNotificationCenter.Current.Delegate = del;
// For iOS 10 data message (sent via Google FCM).
// (Uncomment, if you are using FCM for notifications.)
// TBD: If NOT using FCM, you may need some other lines of code here.
//Messaging.SharedInstance.RemoteMessageDelegate = del;
} else {
// iOS 9 or before
var allNotificationTypes = UIUserNotificationType.Alert | UIUserNotificationType.Badge | UIUserNotificationType.Sound;
var settings = UIUserNotificationSettings.GetSettingsForTypes( allNotificationTypes, null );
UIApplication.SharedApplication.RegisterUserNotificationSettings( settings );
}
UIApplication.SharedApplication.RegisterForRemoteNotifications();
IsRegisteredForRemoteNotifications = true;
// Uncomment if using Google "Firebase Cloud Messaging" (FCM).
//TokenRefreshNotification( null, null );
//if (UIDevice.CurrentDevice.CheckSystemVersion( 9, 0 )) // Needed to call this twice on iOS 9 for some reason.
// TokenRefreshNotification( null, null );
UIApplication.SharedApplication.SetMinimumBackgroundFetchInterval( UIApplication.BackgroundFetchIntervalMinimum );
}
public static void RegisterForOurLocalNotifications()
{
// --- Our app's notification actions. ---
UNNotificationAction followAction = UNNotificationAction.FromIdentifier( "follow", PS.LocalizedString( "Follow" ), UNNotificationActionOptions.None );
UNNotificationAction likeAction = UNNotificationAction.FromIdentifier( "like", PS.LocalizedString( "Like" ), UNNotificationActionOptions.None );
// ...
// --- Our app's notification categories ---
UNNotificationCategory followCategory = UNNotificationCategory.FromIdentifier( "followCategory", new UNNotificationAction[] { followAction, likeAction },
new string[] { }, UNNotificationCategoryOptions.None );
// ...
// --- All of the app's categories from above ---
var categories = new UNNotificationCategory[] { followCategory /*, ...*/ };
// --- Same for all apps ---
UIUserNotificationSettings settings = UIUserNotificationSettings.GetSettingsForTypes(
UIUserNotificationType.Alert |
UIUserNotificationType.Badge |
UIUserNotificationType.Sound
, new NSSet( categories ) );
UIApplication.SharedApplication.RegisterUserNotificationSettings( settings );
if (UIDevice.CurrentDevice.CheckSystemVersion( 10, 0 )) {
UNUserNotificationCenter.Current.SetNotificationCategories( new NSSet<UNNotificationCategory>( categories ) );
UNUserNotificationCenter.Current.RequestAuthorization( UNAuthorizationOptions.Alert | UNAuthorizationOptions.Sound | UNAuthorizationOptions.Badge,
( result, err ) => {
Console.WriteLine( result.ToString() );
} );
}
IsRegisteredForNotifications = true;
}
}
// -------------------------------------------------------
// --- These are for Google "Firebase Cloud Messaging" ---
// (Comment out if not using FCM.)
public static string Token;
static void TokenRefreshNotification( object sender, NSNotificationEventArgs e )
{
// This method will be fired every time a new token is generated, including the first
// time. So if you need to retrieve the token as soon as it is available this is where that
// should be done.
//var refreshedToken = InstanceId.SharedInstance.Token;
ConnectToFCM( UIApplication.SharedApplication.KeyWindow.RootViewController );
// TODO: If necessary send token to application server.
}
public static void ConnectToFCM( UIViewController fromViewController )
{
Messaging.SharedInstance.Connect( error => {
if (error != null) {
Helper.logD( "Unable to connect to FCM", error.LocalizedDescription );
} else {
//var options = new NSDictionary();
//options.SetValueForKey( DeviceToken, Constants.RegisterAPNSOption );
//options.SetValueForKey( new NSNumber( true ), Constants.APNSServerTypeSandboxOption );
//InstanceId.SharedInstance.GetToken("", InstanceId.ScopeFirebaseMessaging
Token = InstanceId.SharedInstance.Token;
Console.WriteLine( $"Token: {InstanceId.SharedInstance.Token}" );
HasFCM = true;
}
} );
}
// ------------------ End Google FCM ---------------------
// -------------------------------------------------------
}
以上代码初始化您的应用程序，以便它可以接收通知。
重要提示：您还需要为您的应用设置适当的权限；请参阅 Apple 文档或问题中提到的链接。你需要这个文件：
Entitlements.plist:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
<key>aps-environment</key>
<string>development</string>
</dict>
</plist>
<string> 以上必须包含 "development" 或 "production"。 （我不知道我们的应用程序在这里仍然说 "development" 的意义；我没有检查构建的内容以查看它是否在提交之前被 Xcode 自动更改为 "production" Apple。根据 确实如此。）
然后您需要代码 发送 [例如您的应用程序告诉您的服务器通知您朋友的设备您现在正在做什么]和接收本地或远程通知。在我们的应用程序中，该代码与我们特定的通知操作和类别相结合；我没有时间在这里提取一个简洁的版本到post。有关完整详细信息，请参阅 Apple 文档或原始问题中提到的链接。
以下是接收通知的基本方法（添加到上面的class AppDelegate）：
public override void ReceivedLocalNotification( UIApplication application, UILocalNotification notification )
{
...
}
public override void DidReceiveRemoteNotification( UIApplication application, NSDictionary userInfo, Action<UIBackgroundFetchResult> completionHandler )
{
...
}
[Export( "userNotificationCenter:didReceiveNotificationResponse:withCompletionHandler:" )]
public void DidReceiveNotificationResponse( UNUserNotificationCenter center, UNNotificationResponse response, Action completionHandler )
{
...
}
您可以 want/need 覆盖或实现的其他方法（另请参阅上面 class AppDelegate 上声明的接口）；其中一些可能特定于 FCM：
ApplicationReceivedRemoteMessage
ReceivedRemoteNotification
WillPresentNotification
PerformFetch (for background notifications)
HandleAction
我还没有找到任何官方 Apple 文档讨论如何正确地同时为旧 iOS 版本和 iOS 10 实现推送通知。我看到的独立教程同样涵盖了单一 iOS 版本。
我看到了 iOS 10 的官方文档： Local and Remote Notifications Overview 但它没有评论支持早期 iOS 版本。
以及 iOS 9 的教程： Push Notifications Tutorial - Ray Wenderlich
而且我看到了各种 Whosebug 线程，内容涉及人们必须做出更改才能使他们的旧解决方案在新版本上运行：
但我看不到什么是正确的做法，从今天开始（iOS 10），但也支持旧设备。 ** 更新 ** App Store 表示只有 6% 的设备下载应用程序比 ios 9 旧，所以 如果只支持 9 + 10，我就这么办。
（我尝试从 iOS 10 示例开始，但它立即在 iOS 9.3 模拟设备上崩溃，尽管它在 iOS 10 中工作正常。所以我得出结论，我应该从有关为不同版本正确设置的信息开始。我可以 post 该代码，但我认为这会导致该线程朝错误的方向发展。我宁愿从 "should" 对多个版本的工作开始iOS 的版本，包括 10.)
如果我找不到解决方案，我将开始合并来自不同 Whosebug 代码片段的代码……但是认真的吗？我一定遗漏了一些东西，因为大概每个 iOS 开发人员都有这个问题。
相反，我可以从一个较旧的示例开始，然后进行更改以使其与 iOS 10 - 一起使用，但会充分利用 iOS 10?
注意：我在 Xamarin C# 中编程，但 Objective-C 或 Swift 答案同样有用。
这是 Xamarin C# 代码（与 Objective-C 不同的语法和大小写，但我认为它是可翻译的 line-by-line 到 Objective-C） .
在 iOS 9.3 和 iOS 10.2 上测试。
要初始化 "local" 和 "remote" 通知：
// "UIApplicationDelegate" is for "local" notifications,
// "IUNUserNotificationCenterDelegate, IMessagingDelegate" for "remote" notifications.
public class AppDelegate : UIApplicationDelegate,
IUNUserNotificationCenterDelegate, IMessagingDelegate
{
...
public override bool FinishedLaunching( UIApplication application, NSDictionary launchOptions )
{
...
RegisterForOurRemoteNotifications( this );
RegisterForOurLocalNotifications();
...
}
...
// --- Comment out if not using Google FCM. ---
public override void RegisteredForRemoteNotifications( UIApplication application, NSData deviceToken )
{
//base.RegisteredForRemoteNotifications( application, deviceToken );
Firebase.InstanceID.InstanceId.SharedInstance.SetApnsToken( deviceToken,
Firebase.InstanceID.ApnsTokenType.Sandbox );
}
...
// ----- "static"; Could be in another class. -----
// These flags are for our convenience, so we know initialization was done.
static bool IsRegisteredForNotifications;
static bool IsRegisteredForRemoteNotifications;
// Optional - true when we are using Google "Firebase Cloud Messaging".
static bool HasFCM;
public static void RegisterForOurRemoteNotifications( AppDelegate del )
{
// Google "Firebase Cloud Messaging" (FCM) Monitor token generation
// (Uncomment, if you are using FCM for notifications.)
//InstanceId.Notifications.ObserveTokenRefresh( TokenRefreshNotification );
if (UIDevice.CurrentDevice.CheckSystemVersion( 10, 0 )) {
// iOS 10 or later
var authOptions = UNAuthorizationOptions.Alert | UNAuthorizationOptions.Badge | UNAuthorizationOptions.Sound;
UNUserNotificationCenter.Current.RequestAuthorization( authOptions, ( granted, error ) => {
Console.WriteLine( granted );
} );
// For iOS 10 display notification (sent via APNS)
UNUserNotificationCenter.Current.Delegate = del;
// For iOS 10 data message (sent via Google FCM).
// (Uncomment, if you are using FCM for notifications.)
// TBD: If NOT using FCM, you may need some other lines of code here.
//Messaging.SharedInstance.RemoteMessageDelegate = del;
} else {
// iOS 9 or before
var allNotificationTypes = UIUserNotificationType.Alert | UIUserNotificationType.Badge | UIUserNotificationType.Sound;
var settings = UIUserNotificationSettings.GetSettingsForTypes( allNotificationTypes, null );
UIApplication.SharedApplication.RegisterUserNotificationSettings( settings );
}
UIApplication.SharedApplication.RegisterForRemoteNotifications();
IsRegisteredForRemoteNotifications = true;
// Uncomment if using Google "Firebase Cloud Messaging" (FCM).
//TokenRefreshNotification( null, null );
//if (UIDevice.CurrentDevice.CheckSystemVersion( 9, 0 )) // Needed to call this twice on iOS 9 for some reason.
// TokenRefreshNotification( null, null );
UIApplication.SharedApplication.SetMinimumBackgroundFetchInterval( UIApplication.BackgroundFetchIntervalMinimum );
}
public static void RegisterForOurLocalNotifications()
{
// --- Our app's notification actions. ---
UNNotificationAction followAction = UNNotificationAction.FromIdentifier( "follow", PS.LocalizedString( "Follow" ), UNNotificationActionOptions.None );
UNNotificationAction likeAction = UNNotificationAction.FromIdentifier( "like", PS.LocalizedString( "Like" ), UNNotificationActionOptions.None );
// ...
// --- Our app's notification categories ---
UNNotificationCategory followCategory = UNNotificationCategory.FromIdentifier( "followCategory", new UNNotificationAction[] { followAction, likeAction },
new string[] { }, UNNotificationCategoryOptions.None );
// ...
// --- All of the app's categories from above ---
var categories = new UNNotificationCategory[] { followCategory /*, ...*/ };
// --- Same for all apps ---
UIUserNotificationSettings settings = UIUserNotificationSettings.GetSettingsForTypes(
UIUserNotificationType.Alert |
UIUserNotificationType.Badge |
UIUserNotificationType.Sound
, new NSSet( categories ) );
UIApplication.SharedApplication.RegisterUserNotificationSettings( settings );
if (UIDevice.CurrentDevice.CheckSystemVersion( 10, 0 )) {
UNUserNotificationCenter.Current.SetNotificationCategories( new NSSet<UNNotificationCategory>( categories ) );
UNUserNotificationCenter.Current.RequestAuthorization( UNAuthorizationOptions.Alert | UNAuthorizationOptions.Sound | UNAuthorizationOptions.Badge,
( result, err ) => {
Console.WriteLine( result.ToString() );
} );
}
IsRegisteredForNotifications = true;
}
}
// -------------------------------------------------------
// --- These are for Google "Firebase Cloud Messaging" ---
// (Comment out if not using FCM.)
public static string Token;
static void TokenRefreshNotification( object sender, NSNotificationEventArgs e )
{
// This method will be fired every time a new token is generated, including the first
// time. So if you need to retrieve the token as soon as it is available this is where that
// should be done.
//var refreshedToken = InstanceId.SharedInstance.Token;
ConnectToFCM( UIApplication.SharedApplication.KeyWindow.RootViewController );
// TODO: If necessary send token to application server.
}
public static void ConnectToFCM( UIViewController fromViewController )
{
Messaging.SharedInstance.Connect( error => {
if (error != null) {
Helper.logD( "Unable to connect to FCM", error.LocalizedDescription );
} else {
//var options = new NSDictionary();
//options.SetValueForKey( DeviceToken, Constants.RegisterAPNSOption );
//options.SetValueForKey( new NSNumber( true ), Constants.APNSServerTypeSandboxOption );
//InstanceId.SharedInstance.GetToken("", InstanceId.ScopeFirebaseMessaging
Token = InstanceId.SharedInstance.Token;
Console.WriteLine( $"Token: {InstanceId.SharedInstance.Token}" );
HasFCM = true;
}
} );
}
// ------------------ End Google FCM ---------------------
// -------------------------------------------------------
}
以上代码初始化您的应用程序，以便它可以接收通知。
重要提示：您还需要为您的应用设置适当的权限；请参阅 Apple 文档或问题中提到的链接。你需要这个文件：
Entitlements.plist:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
<key>aps-environment</key>
<string>development</string>
</dict>
</plist>
<string> 以上必须包含 "development" 或 "production"。 （我不知道我们的应用程序在这里仍然说 "development" 的意义；我没有检查构建的内容以查看它是否在提交之前被 Xcode 自动更改为 "production" Apple。根据 确实如此。）
然后您需要代码 发送 [例如您的应用程序告诉您的服务器通知您朋友的设备您现在正在做什么]和接收本地或远程通知。在我们的应用程序中，该代码与我们特定的通知操作和类别相结合；我没有时间在这里提取一个简洁的版本到post。有关完整详细信息，请参阅 Apple 文档或原始问题中提到的链接。
以下是接收通知的基本方法（添加到上面的class AppDelegate）：
public override void ReceivedLocalNotification( UIApplication application, UILocalNotification notification )
{
...
}
public override void DidReceiveRemoteNotification( UIApplication application, NSDictionary userInfo, Action<UIBackgroundFetchResult> completionHandler )
{
...
}
[Export( "userNotificationCenter:didReceiveNotificationResponse:withCompletionHandler:" )]
public void DidReceiveNotificationResponse( UNUserNotificationCenter center, UNNotificationResponse response, Action completionHandler )
{
...
}
您可以 want/need 覆盖或实现的其他方法（另请参阅上面 class AppDelegate 上声明的接口）；其中一些可能特定于 FCM：
ApplicationReceivedRemoteMessage
ReceivedRemoteNotification
WillPresentNotification
PerformFetch (for background notifications)
HandleAction