全新安装 Rails 并出现 OpenSSL 错误："already initialized constant OpenSSL"

Question

我一直在尝试使用 RoR。我参加了 Ruby Installfest，但 运行 遇到了我认为 openssl.bundle.

的问题

我正在使用 RVM，并且是 运行 Rails 5.0.1 和 Ruby 2.4.0

我尝试了完整的 removal/fresh 开始，使用 rvm implode 并重新安装了 RailsApps Guide 之后的所有内容，但我仍然看到相同的错误。我是 运行 最新版本的 macOS Sierra。

这是我在 my_app 中 运行 $Rake -T 时得到的输出。

richsmith@Richs-MacBook-Pro:~/workspace/myapp$ rake -T
/Users/richsmith/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.4.0/lib/ruby/2.4.0/x86_64-darwin16/openssl.bundle: warning: already initialized constant OpenSSL::VERSION
/Users/richsmith/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.4.0/lib/ruby/2.4.0/x86_64-darwin16/openssl.bundle: warning: already initialized constant OpenSSL::OPENSSL_VERSION
/Users/richsmith/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.4.0/lib/ruby/2.4.0/x86_64-darwin16/openssl.bundle: warning: already initialized constant OpenSSL::OPENSSL_LIBRARY_VERSION
/Users/richsmith/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.4.0/lib/ruby/2.4.0/x86_64-darwin16/openssl.bundle: warning: already initialized constant OpenSSL::OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER
/Users/richsmith/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.4.0/lib/ruby/2.4.0/x86_64-darwin16/openssl.bundle: warning: already initialized constant OpenSSL::OPENSSL_FIPS
/Users/richsmith/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.4.0/lib/ruby/2.4.0/x86_64-darwin16/openssl.bundle: warning: already initialized constant OpenSSL::Config::DEFAULT_CONFIG_FILE
/Users/richsmith/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.4.0/lib/ruby/2.4.0/x86_64-darwin16/openssl.bundle: warning: already initialized constant OpenSSL::PKCS7::Signer
/Users/richsmith/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.4.0/lib/ruby/2.4.0/x86_64-darwin16/openssl.bundle: warning: already initialized constant OpenSSL::PKCS7::TEXT
/Users/richsmith/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.4.0/lib/ruby/2.4.0/x86_64-darwin16/openssl.bundle: warning: already initialized constant OpenSSL::PKCS7::NOCERTS
/Users/richsmith/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.4.0/lib/ruby/2.4.0/x86_64-darwin16/openssl.bundle: warning: already initialized constant OpenSSL::PKCS7::NOSIGS
/Users/richsmith/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.4.0/lib/ruby/2.4.0/x86_64-darwin16/openssl.bundle: warning: already initialized constant OpenSSL::PKCS7::NOCHAIN
/Users/richsmith/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.4.0/lib/ruby/2.4.0/x86_64-darwin16/openssl.bundle: warning: already initialized constant OpenSSL::PKCS7::NOINTERN
/Users/richsmith/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.4.0/lib/ruby/2.4.0/x86_64-darwin16/openssl.bundle: warning: already initialized constant OpenSSL::PKCS7::NOVERIFY
/Users/richsmith/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.4.0/lib/ruby/2.4.0/x86_64-darwin16/openssl.bundle: warning: already initialized constant OpenSSL::PKCS7::DETACHED
/Users/richsmith/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.4.0/lib/ruby/2.4.0/x86_64-darwin16/openssl.bundle: warning: already initialized constant OpenSSL::PKCS7::BINARY
/Users/richsmith/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.4.0/lib/ruby/2.4.0/x86_64-darwin16/openssl.bundle: warning: already initialized constant OpenSSL::PKCS7::NOATTR
/Users/richsmith/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.4.0/lib/ruby/2.4.0/x86_64-darwin16/openssl.bundle: warning: already initialized constant OpenSSL::PKCS7::NOSMIMECAP
/Users/richsmith/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.4.0/lib/ruby/2.4.0/x86_64-darwin16/openssl.bundle: warning: already initialized constant OpenSSL::ASN1::UNIVERSALSTRING
/Users/richsmith/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.4.0/lib/ruby/2.4.0/x86_64-darwin16/openssl.bundle: warning: already initialized constant OpenSSL::ASN1::CHARACTER_STRING
/Users/richsmith/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.4.0/lib/ruby/2.4.0/x86_64-darwin16/openssl.bundle: warning: already initialized constant OpenSSL::ASN1::BMPSTRING
/Users/richsmith/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.4.0/lib/ruby/2.4.0/openssl/pkey.rb:8: warning: already initialized constant OpenSSL::PKey::DH::DEFAULT_1024
/Users/richsmith/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.4.0@global/gems/openssl-2.0.3/lib/openssl/pkey.rb:8: warning: previous definition of DEFAULT_1024 was here
/Users/richsmith/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.4.0/lib/ruby/2.4.0/openssl/pkey.rb:17: warning: already initialized constant OpenSSL::PKey::DH::DEFAULT_2048
/Users/richsmith/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.4.0@global/gems/openssl-2.0.3/lib/openssl/pkey.rb:17: warning: previous definition of DEFAULT_2048 was here
/Users/richsmith/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.4.0/lib/ruby/2.4.0/openssl/pkey.rb:30: warning: already initialized constant OpenSSL::PKey::DEFAULT_TMP_DH_CALLBACK
/Users/richsmith/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.4.0@global/gems/openssl-2.0.3/lib/openssl/pkey.rb:30: warning: previous definition of DEFAULT_TMP_DH_CALLBACK was here
/Users/richsmith/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.4.0/lib/ruby/2.4.0/openssl/cipher.rb:18: warning: constant OpenSSL::Cipher::Cipher is deprecated
/Users/richsmith/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.4.0/lib/ruby/2.4.0/openssl/cipher.rb:24: warning: already initialized constant OpenSSL::Cipher::AES
/Users/richsmith/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.4.0@global/gems/openssl-2.0.3/lib/openssl/cipher.rb:24: warning: previous definition of AES was here
/Users/richsmith/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.4.0/lib/ruby/2.4.0/openssl/cipher.rb:18: warning: constant OpenSSL::Cipher::Cipher is deprecated
/Users/richsmith/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.4.0/lib/ruby/2.4.0/openssl/cipher.rb:24: warning: already initialized constant OpenSSL::Cipher::CAST5
/Users/richsmith/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.4.0@global/gems/openssl-2.0.3/lib/openssl/cipher.rb:24: warning: previous definition of CAST5 was here
/Users/richsmith/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.4.0/lib/ruby/2.4.0/openssl/cipher.rb:18: warning: constant OpenSSL::Cipher::Cipher is deprecated
/Users/richsmith/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.4.0/lib/ruby/2.4.0/openssl/cipher.rb:24: warning: already initialized constant OpenSSL::Cipher::BF
/Users/richsmith/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.4.0@global/gems/openssl-2.0.3/lib/openssl/cipher.rb:24: warning: previous definition of BF was here
/Users/richsmith/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.4.0/lib/ruby/2.4.0/openssl/cipher.rb:18: warning: constant OpenSSL::Cipher::Cipher is deprecated
/Users/richsmith/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.4.0/lib/ruby/2.4.0/openssl/cipher.rb:24: warning: already initialized constant OpenSSL::Cipher::DES
/Users/richsmith/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.4.0@global/gems/openssl-2.0.3/lib/openssl/cipher.rb:24: warning: previous definition of DES was here
/Users/richsmith/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.4.0/lib/ruby/2.4.0/openssl/cipher.rb:18: warning: constant OpenSSL::Cipher::Cipher is deprecated
/Users/richsmith/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.4.0/lib/ruby/2.4.0/openssl/cipher.rb:24: warning: already initialized constant OpenSSL::Cipher::IDEA
/Users/richsmith/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.4.0@global/gems/openssl-2.0.3/lib/openssl/cipher.rb:24: warning: previous definition of IDEA was here
/Users/richsmith/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.4.0/lib/ruby/2.4.0/openssl/cipher.rb:18: warning: constant OpenSSL::Cipher::Cipher is deprecated
/Users/richsmith/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.4.0/lib/ruby/2.4.0/openssl/cipher.rb:24: warning: already initialized constant OpenSSL::Cipher::RC2
/Users/richsmith/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.4.0@global/gems/openssl-2.0.3/lib/openssl/cipher.rb:24: warning: previous definition of RC2 was here
/Users/richsmith/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.4.0/lib/ruby/2.4.0/openssl/cipher.rb:18: warning: constant OpenSSL::Cipher::Cipher is deprecated
/Users/richsmith/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.4.0/lib/ruby/2.4.0/openssl/cipher.rb:24: warning: already initialized constant OpenSSL::Cipher::RC4
/Users/richsmith/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.4.0@global/gems/openssl-2.0.3/lib/openssl/cipher.rb:24: warning: previous definition of RC4 was here
/Users/richsmith/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.4.0/lib/ruby/2.4.0/openssl/cipher.rb:18: warning: constant OpenSSL::Cipher::Cipher is deprecated
/Users/richsmith/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.4.0/lib/ruby/2.4.0/openssl/cipher.rb:24: warning: already initialized constant OpenSSL::Cipher::RC5
/Users/richsmith/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.4.0@global/gems/openssl-2.0.3/lib/openssl/cipher.rb:24: warning: previous definition of RC5 was here
/Users/richsmith/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.4.0/lib/ruby/2.4.0/openssl/cipher.rb:28: warning: constant OpenSSL::Cipher::Cipher is deprecated
/Users/richsmith/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.4.0/lib/ruby/2.4.0/openssl/cipher.rb:33: warning: already initialized constant OpenSSL::Cipher::AES128
/Users/richsmith/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.4.0@global/gems/openssl-2.0.3/lib/openssl/cipher.rb:33: warning: previous definition of AES128 was here
/Users/richsmith/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.4.0/lib/ruby/2.4.0/openssl/cipher.rb:28: warning: constant OpenSSL::Cipher::Cipher is deprecated
/Users/richsmith/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.4.0/lib/ruby/2.4.0/openssl/cipher.rb:33: warning: already initialized constant OpenSSL::Cipher::AES192
/Users/richsmith/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.4.0@global/gems/openssl-2.0.3/lib/openssl/cipher.rb:33: warning: previous definition of AES192 was here
/Users/richsmith/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.4.0/lib/ruby/2.4.0/openssl/cipher.rb:28: warning: constant OpenSSL::Cipher::Cipher is deprecated
/Users/richsmith/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.4.0/lib/ruby/2.4.0/openssl/cipher.rb:33: warning: already initialized constant OpenSSL::Cipher::AES256
/Users/richsmith/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.4.0@global/gems/openssl-2.0.3/lib/openssl/cipher.rb:33: warning: previous definition of AES256 was here
/Users/richsmith/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.4.0/lib/ruby/2.4.0/openssl/cipher.rb:64: warning: constant OpenSSL::Cipher::Cipher is deprecated
/Users/richsmith/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.4.0/lib/ruby/2.4.0/openssl/cipher.rb:64: warning: constant OpenSSL::Cipher::Cipher is deprecated
rake aborted!
TypeError: superclass mismatch for class Cipher
/Users/richsmith/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.4.0@global/gems/activesupport-5.0.1/lib/active_support/key_generator.rb:2:in `require'
/Users/richsmith/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.4.0@global/gems/activesupport-5.0.1/lib/active_support/key_generator.rb:2:in `<top (required)>'
/Users/richsmith/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.4.0@global/gems/railties-5.0.1/lib/rails/application.rb:4:in `require'
/Users/richsmith/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.4.0@global/gems/railties-5.0.1/lib/rails/application.rb:4:in `<top (required)>'
/Users/richsmith/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.4.0@global/gems/railties-5.0.1/lib/rails.rb:11:in `require'
/Users/richsmith/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.4.0@global/gems/railties-5.0.1/lib/rails.rb:11:in `<top (required)>'
/Users/richsmith/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.4.0@global/gems/railties-5.0.1/lib/rails/all.rb:1:in `require'
/Users/richsmith/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.4.0@global/gems/railties-5.0.1/lib/rails/all.rb:1:in `<top (required)>'
/Users/richsmith/workspace/myapp/config/application.rb:3:in `require'
/Users/richsmith/workspace/myapp/config/application.rb:3:in `<top (required)>'
/Users/richsmith/workspace/myapp/Rakefile:4:in `require_relative'
/Users/richsmith/workspace/myapp/Rakefile:4:in `<top (required)>'
/Users/richsmith/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.4.0@global/gems/rake-12.0.0/exe/rake:27:in `<top (required)>'
(See full trace by running task with --trace)

Answer 1

gem卸载openssl -v 2.0.3

gem 安装 openssl -v 2.0.2

应该可以解决问题。

Answer 2

3 小时后解决了这个问题。这个问题在日志文件中很明显，openSSL 发生了一些愚蠢的事情。

解决方案是：

1. 删除问题的所有痕迹rvm implode

2. 从那里我使用 $ \curl -L https://get.rvm.io | bash -s stable

重新安装了 rvm

3. 关闭并重新打开终端。

4. 已安装 Ruby $ rvm install ruby-2.4.0
5. 更新了 gem 经理 $ gem update --system
6. 使用 $ rvm gemset use global
更改为全局 gem 集
7. 然后使用 $ gem update
更新所有 gems
8. 从这里我使用 $ gem install bundler 和 gem install nokogiri
安装了 bundler 和 Nokogiri（不确定它是否是 openSSL 的依赖但没有冒险）
9. 从这里我做了一个新的 gemset 来安装 rails in using $ rvm use ruby-2.4.0@rails5.0 --create
10. 然后我使用$ gem install rails
安装了最新版本的rails
11. 此时不想冒险，我使用 gem uninstall openssl
删除了 openSSL
12. 然后用 gem install openssl
重新安装
13. 最后，我关闭了我的终端，然后重新打开它，瞧，它成功了！

我对此很陌生，所以这里肯定有冗余，但我知道这个解决方案清理了所有内容并有效。

Answer 3

我通过添加以下行解决了这个问题：

gem 'openssl', '>=2.0.3'

到我的 gem 文件。显然 bundler 正在加载默认的 2.0.2 版本和新的 2.0.3 版本。上面的行防止了这种情况。