tkinter 中一个按钮的多个命令
Multiple commands to a button in tkinter
我是大学的停车场入场券。基本上当它是 运行 时会做什么，出现 window，要求用户输入品牌、型号、颜色和注册牌照。然后它将此数据保存到列表、数组或其他任何内容。用户按下按钮将他们的车开进停车场，还可以查看当前停车场中有哪些车。当我按下 admit vehicle 时，我需要将数据保存到这个 list/array/tree，并且还需要一个整型变量减一。这是相关的代码。还有更多，但这是相关位。
# Admit Button
btn_admit = ttk.Button(bottom_frame)
btn_admit.config(text='Admit Vehicle')
btn_admit.bind('<Button-1>', self.admit) # I need this to reduce the variable as well
...
def admit(self, event):
self.useful_msg.set("Vehicle Admitted") # This is only here to show a message currently it does nothing else
这是 'spaces available' 变量：
self.num_spaces = IntVar(mid_frame)
self.num_spaces.set = 0
lbl_num_spaces = Label(mid_frame)
lbl_num_spaces.config(textvariable=self.num_spaces, bg='yellow')
最后，这是 window 的代码，它显示了停车场中的汽车树（现在有一些示例汽车是硬编码的）：
class ShowCarsGui:
def __init__(self, master):
self.master = master
self.master.geometry('1200x600+100+100')
# Frames
top_frame = tk.Frame(self.master)
tree_container = tk.Frame(self.master)
bottom_bar = tk.Frame(self.master)
# Widgets:
# Logo
carpark_icon = tk.PhotoImage(file='car.gif')
lbl_carpark_icon = tk.Label(top_frame)
lbl_carpark_icon.config(image=carpark_icon)
lbl_carpark_icon.image = carpark_icon
# Header
lbl_header = tk.Label(top_frame)
lbl_header.config(text="Vehicles in car park", font='helvetica 32 bold')
# Tree(ttk)
self.tree = ttk.Treeview(tree_container)
self.tree["columns"] = ("Make", "Model", "Colour", "Registration")
self.tree["height"] = 10
self.tree["show"] = 'headings' # Gets rid of default first column
vsb = ttk.Scrollbar(tree_container)
vsb.configure(orient='vertical', command=self.tree.yview)
hsb = ttk.Scrollbar(tree_container)
hsb.configure(orient='horizontal', command=self.tree.xview)
self.tree.configure(yscroll=vsb.set, xscroll=hsb.set)
self.tree_populate()
# Button
quit_button = tk.Button(bottom_bar)
quit_button.config(text='Quit', width=25)
quit_button.bind('<Button-1>', self.close_window)
# Positioning frames
top_frame.grid_rowconfigure(0, minsize=150) # Make row 150 pixels high
top_frame.grid(row=0)
tree_container.grid(row=1)
bottom_bar.grid(row=2)
# Top
lbl_carpark_icon.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=10, sticky='w')
lbl_header.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=20)
# Middle
self.tree.grid(column=0, row=0, sticky='nsew')
vsb.grid(column=1, row=0, sticky='ns')
hsb.grid(column=0, row=1, sticky='ew')
# Bottom
quit_button.grid(row=0, column=0)
def close_window(self, event):
self.master.destroy()
def tree_populate(self):
# Eventually this needs to come from car park object
tree_columns = ("Make", "Model", "Colour", "Registration")
tree_data = [
("Ford", "Ka", "Blue", "FD54 2WE"),
("Vauxhall", "Corsa", "Green", "KJ61 9YH"),
("VW", "Polo", "Silver", "AA54 9TQ"),
("Nissan", "Qashqai", "Red", "YRE 456W"),
("Toyota", "Starlet", "Gold", "J234 WYE"),
]
for col in tree_columns:
self.tree.heading(col, text=col, anchor='w')
for country_data in tree_data:
self.tree.insert("", 0, values=country_data)
最后是整个程序的代码：
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import *
from tkinter import ttk
class CarParkGui:
def __init__(self, master):
self.master = master
self.master.configure(bg='light cyan')
self.master.title("Collyer's Car Park")
self.master.option_add('*Font', 'Georgia 12') # Font for all widgets
self.master.option_add('*Font', 'helvetica 20 bold')
self.master.option_add('*Background', 'light cyan') # background of all widgets
self.master.geometry('1200x500+100+100') # w,h,x,y (top left corner)
self.top() # Build top bar
self.middle() # Define middle frame
self.bottom() # Define Bottom Frame
def top(self):
# Frame for top section
top_frame = Frame(self.master)
# Logo
carpark_icon = PhotoImage(file='car.gif')
lbl_carpark_icon = Label(top_frame) # Instance of tkinter label (parent is frame)
lbl_carpark_icon.config(image=carpark_icon)
lbl_carpark_icon.image = carpark_icon # Have to have this as well as previous one
# Header
lbl_header = Label(top_frame)
lbl_header.config(text='Admit Vehicle', font='helvetica 32 bold')
# Grid positioning for top frame
top_frame.grid_rowconfigure(0, minsize=150) # Make row 150 pixels high
top_frame.grid(row=0)
# Within Frame
lbl_carpark_icon.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=10)
lbl_header.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=20)
def middle(self):
# Frame to contain other widgets
mid_frame = Frame(self.master)
# Label - Car Make
lbl_make = Label(mid_frame)
lbl_make.config(text='Make') # Presentation
# Label - Car Model
lbl_model = Label(mid_frame)
lbl_model.config(text='Model')
# Label - Colour
lbl_colour = Label(mid_frame)
lbl_colour.config(text='Colour')
# Label - Registration
lbl_reg = Label(mid_frame)
lbl_reg.config(text='Registration')
# Label - Spaces
lbl_spc = Label(mid_frame)
lbl_spc.config(text='Spaces')
# Text Entry - Make
self.make = StringVar(mid_frame)
txt_make = Entry(mid_frame)
txt_make.config(textvariable=self.make, width=20)
# Text Entry - Model
self.model = StringVar(mid_frame)
txt_model = Entry(mid_frame)
txt_model.config(textvariable=self.model, width=20)
# Text Entry - Colour
self.colour = StringVar(mid_frame)
txt_colour = Entry(mid_frame)
txt_colour.config(textvariable=self.colour, width=20)
# Text Entry - Registration
self.reg = StringVar(mid_frame)
txt_reg = Entry(mid_frame)
txt_reg.config(textvariable=self.reg, width=20)
# Label for number of space available (WILL BE UPDATED)
self.num_spaces = IntVar(mid_frame)
self.num_spaces.set = 0
lbl_num_spaces = Label(mid_frame)
lbl_num_spaces.config(textvariable=self.num_spaces, bg='yellow')
# Display
mid_frame.grid_columnconfigure(0, minsize=100) # Make row 150 pixels high
mid_frame.grid(row=1, sticky='w')
# Row 0
lbl_make.grid(row=1, column=0)
txt_make.grid(row=1, column=1)
lbl_spc.grid(row=1, column=2)
lbl_num_spaces.grid(row=1, column=3, sticky='w')
# Row 1
lbl_model.grid(row=2, column=0)
txt_model.grid(row=2, column=1, padx='10')
# Row 2
lbl_colour.grid(row=3, column=0)
txt_colour.grid(row=3, column=1, padx='10')
# Row 3
lbl_reg.grid(row=4, column=0)
txt_reg.grid(row=4, column=1, padx='10')
def bottom(self):
# Frame for bottom section
bottom_frame = Frame(self.master)
# Grid reference for bottom frame
bottom_frame.grid(row=2)
# Guidance message (WILL BE UPDATED)
self.useful_msg = StringVar(bottom_frame)
self.useful_msg.set("Enter your vehicle details")
self.lbl_msg = Label(bottom_frame) # Use self so we can change config at
self.lbl_msg.config(textvariable=self.useful_msg, fg='red', width=20)
# Admit Button
btn_admit = ttk.Button(bottom_frame)
btn_admit.config(text='Admit Vehicle')
btn_admit.bind('<Button-1>', self.admit)
# Show Vehicles Button
btn_show = ttk.Button(bottom_frame)
btn_show.config(text='Show Vehicles In Car Park')
btn_show.bind('<Button-1>', self.show)
# Within bottom_frame
# row 0
self.lbl_msg.grid(row=0, column=0)
# row 1
btn_admit.grid(row=1, column=0, sticky='e')
btn_show.grid(row=1, column=1, sticky='e')
def admit(self, event):
self.useful_msg.set("Vehicle Admitted")
def show(self, event):
self.new_window = Toplevel(self.master)
self.app = ShowCarsGui(self.new_window)
___ 这就是 ShowCarsGui() ____
的地方
def main():
root = Tk()
CarParkGui(root)
root.mainloop()
main()
要执行 "two things with one button"，正确的解决方案是创建一个执行这些操作的函数 "two things"，然后将该函数与按钮相关联。
btn_admit = ttk.Button(bottom_frame)
btn.configure(command=self.admit)
def admit(self):
self.num_spaces.set(self.num_spaces.get()-1)
self.useful_msg.set("Vehicle Admitted")
注意：上面的示例使用了 command 属性而不是绑定。使用 command 属性是更可取的，因为它具有 built-in 对键盘遍历的支持。当然，在 admit 中，您可以随心所欲地做多做少 -- 您不限于一两件事。
我是大学的停车场入场券。基本上当它是 运行 时会做什么，出现 window，要求用户输入品牌、型号、颜色和注册牌照。然后它将此数据保存到列表、数组或其他任何内容。用户按下按钮将他们的车开进停车场，还可以查看当前停车场中有哪些车。当我按下 admit vehicle 时，我需要将数据保存到这个 list/array/tree，并且还需要一个整型变量减一。这是相关的代码。还有更多，但这是相关位。
# Admit Button
btn_admit = ttk.Button(bottom_frame)
btn_admit.config(text='Admit Vehicle')
btn_admit.bind('<Button-1>', self.admit) # I need this to reduce the variable as well
...
def admit(self, event):
self.useful_msg.set("Vehicle Admitted") # This is only here to show a message currently it does nothing else
这是 'spaces available' 变量：
self.num_spaces = IntVar(mid_frame)
self.num_spaces.set = 0
lbl_num_spaces = Label(mid_frame)
lbl_num_spaces.config(textvariable=self.num_spaces, bg='yellow')
最后，这是 window 的代码，它显示了停车场中的汽车树（现在有一些示例汽车是硬编码的）：
class ShowCarsGui:
def __init__(self, master):
self.master = master
self.master.geometry('1200x600+100+100')
# Frames
top_frame = tk.Frame(self.master)
tree_container = tk.Frame(self.master)
bottom_bar = tk.Frame(self.master)
# Widgets:
# Logo
carpark_icon = tk.PhotoImage(file='car.gif')
lbl_carpark_icon = tk.Label(top_frame)
lbl_carpark_icon.config(image=carpark_icon)
lbl_carpark_icon.image = carpark_icon
# Header
lbl_header = tk.Label(top_frame)
lbl_header.config(text="Vehicles in car park", font='helvetica 32 bold')
# Tree(ttk)
self.tree = ttk.Treeview(tree_container)
self.tree["columns"] = ("Make", "Model", "Colour", "Registration")
self.tree["height"] = 10
self.tree["show"] = 'headings' # Gets rid of default first column
vsb = ttk.Scrollbar(tree_container)
vsb.configure(orient='vertical', command=self.tree.yview)
hsb = ttk.Scrollbar(tree_container)
hsb.configure(orient='horizontal', command=self.tree.xview)
self.tree.configure(yscroll=vsb.set, xscroll=hsb.set)
self.tree_populate()
# Button
quit_button = tk.Button(bottom_bar)
quit_button.config(text='Quit', width=25)
quit_button.bind('<Button-1>', self.close_window)
# Positioning frames
top_frame.grid_rowconfigure(0, minsize=150) # Make row 150 pixels high
top_frame.grid(row=0)
tree_container.grid(row=1)
bottom_bar.grid(row=2)
# Top
lbl_carpark_icon.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=10, sticky='w')
lbl_header.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=20)
# Middle
self.tree.grid(column=0, row=0, sticky='nsew')
vsb.grid(column=1, row=0, sticky='ns')
hsb.grid(column=0, row=1, sticky='ew')
# Bottom
quit_button.grid(row=0, column=0)
def close_window(self, event):
self.master.destroy()
def tree_populate(self):
# Eventually this needs to come from car park object
tree_columns = ("Make", "Model", "Colour", "Registration")
tree_data = [
("Ford", "Ka", "Blue", "FD54 2WE"),
("Vauxhall", "Corsa", "Green", "KJ61 9YH"),
("VW", "Polo", "Silver", "AA54 9TQ"),
("Nissan", "Qashqai", "Red", "YRE 456W"),
("Toyota", "Starlet", "Gold", "J234 WYE"),
]
for col in tree_columns:
self.tree.heading(col, text=col, anchor='w')
for country_data in tree_data:
self.tree.insert("", 0, values=country_data)
最后是整个程序的代码：
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import *
from tkinter import ttk
class CarParkGui:
def __init__(self, master):
self.master = master
self.master.configure(bg='light cyan')
self.master.title("Collyer's Car Park")
self.master.option_add('*Font', 'Georgia 12') # Font for all widgets
self.master.option_add('*Font', 'helvetica 20 bold')
self.master.option_add('*Background', 'light cyan') # background of all widgets
self.master.geometry('1200x500+100+100') # w,h,x,y (top left corner)
self.top() # Build top bar
self.middle() # Define middle frame
self.bottom() # Define Bottom Frame
def top(self):
# Frame for top section
top_frame = Frame(self.master)
# Logo
carpark_icon = PhotoImage(file='car.gif')
lbl_carpark_icon = Label(top_frame) # Instance of tkinter label (parent is frame)
lbl_carpark_icon.config(image=carpark_icon)
lbl_carpark_icon.image = carpark_icon # Have to have this as well as previous one
# Header
lbl_header = Label(top_frame)
lbl_header.config(text='Admit Vehicle', font='helvetica 32 bold')
# Grid positioning for top frame
top_frame.grid_rowconfigure(0, minsize=150) # Make row 150 pixels high
top_frame.grid(row=0)
# Within Frame
lbl_carpark_icon.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=10)
lbl_header.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=20)
def middle(self):
# Frame to contain other widgets
mid_frame = Frame(self.master)
# Label - Car Make
lbl_make = Label(mid_frame)
lbl_make.config(text='Make') # Presentation
# Label - Car Model
lbl_model = Label(mid_frame)
lbl_model.config(text='Model')
# Label - Colour
lbl_colour = Label(mid_frame)
lbl_colour.config(text='Colour')
# Label - Registration
lbl_reg = Label(mid_frame)
lbl_reg.config(text='Registration')
# Label - Spaces
lbl_spc = Label(mid_frame)
lbl_spc.config(text='Spaces')
# Text Entry - Make
self.make = StringVar(mid_frame)
txt_make = Entry(mid_frame)
txt_make.config(textvariable=self.make, width=20)
# Text Entry - Model
self.model = StringVar(mid_frame)
txt_model = Entry(mid_frame)
txt_model.config(textvariable=self.model, width=20)
# Text Entry - Colour
self.colour = StringVar(mid_frame)
txt_colour = Entry(mid_frame)
txt_colour.config(textvariable=self.colour, width=20)
# Text Entry - Registration
self.reg = StringVar(mid_frame)
txt_reg = Entry(mid_frame)
txt_reg.config(textvariable=self.reg, width=20)
# Label for number of space available (WILL BE UPDATED)
self.num_spaces = IntVar(mid_frame)
self.num_spaces.set = 0
lbl_num_spaces = Label(mid_frame)
lbl_num_spaces.config(textvariable=self.num_spaces, bg='yellow')
# Display
mid_frame.grid_columnconfigure(0, minsize=100) # Make row 150 pixels high
mid_frame.grid(row=1, sticky='w')
# Row 0
lbl_make.grid(row=1, column=0)
txt_make.grid(row=1, column=1)
lbl_spc.grid(row=1, column=2)
lbl_num_spaces.grid(row=1, column=3, sticky='w')
# Row 1
lbl_model.grid(row=2, column=0)
txt_model.grid(row=2, column=1, padx='10')
# Row 2
lbl_colour.grid(row=3, column=0)
txt_colour.grid(row=3, column=1, padx='10')
# Row 3
lbl_reg.grid(row=4, column=0)
txt_reg.grid(row=4, column=1, padx='10')
def bottom(self):
# Frame for bottom section
bottom_frame = Frame(self.master)
# Grid reference for bottom frame
bottom_frame.grid(row=2)
# Guidance message (WILL BE UPDATED)
self.useful_msg = StringVar(bottom_frame)
self.useful_msg.set("Enter your vehicle details")
self.lbl_msg = Label(bottom_frame) # Use self so we can change config at
self.lbl_msg.config(textvariable=self.useful_msg, fg='red', width=20)
# Admit Button
btn_admit = ttk.Button(bottom_frame)
btn_admit.config(text='Admit Vehicle')
btn_admit.bind('<Button-1>', self.admit)
# Show Vehicles Button
btn_show = ttk.Button(bottom_frame)
btn_show.config(text='Show Vehicles In Car Park')
btn_show.bind('<Button-1>', self.show)
# Within bottom_frame
# row 0
self.lbl_msg.grid(row=0, column=0)
# row 1
btn_admit.grid(row=1, column=0, sticky='e')
btn_show.grid(row=1, column=1, sticky='e')
def admit(self, event):
self.useful_msg.set("Vehicle Admitted")
def show(self, event):
self.new_window = Toplevel(self.master)
self.app = ShowCarsGui(self.new_window)
___ 这就是 ShowCarsGui() ____
的地方def main():
root = Tk()
CarParkGui(root)
root.mainloop()
main()
要执行 "two things with one button"，正确的解决方案是创建一个执行这些操作的函数 "two things"，然后将该函数与按钮相关联。
btn_admit = ttk.Button(bottom_frame)
btn.configure(command=self.admit)
def admit(self):
self.num_spaces.set(self.num_spaces.get()-1)
self.useful_msg.set("Vehicle Admitted")
注意：上面的示例使用了 command 属性而不是绑定。使用 command 属性是更可取的，因为它具有 built-in 对键盘遍历的支持。当然，在 admit 中，您可以随心所欲地做多做少 -- 您不限于一两件事。