如何在不使用 upcast 的情况下编写 (string*obj) 列表

How to write a list of (string*obj) without using upcast

我的目标是在 DSL 中编写 name/value 对的列表并使其可读。此处的值可以是 intfloatstring 或任何这些类型的列表。

我正在使用 string * obj 对并将它们传递给接受 (string * obj) list.

的函数

有没有不upcast obj参数就写列表的?

let myfun (values:(string*obj) list) =
    // Do something...

// This is pretty ugly
myfun ["Name", upcast "Freddie"; "Age", upcast 50]

// This would be the ideal
myfun ["Name", "Freddie"; "Age", 50]

编程 101:如果您发现自己一遍又一遍地重复同样的事情,请将其打包以供重用,将其作为一个函数。在您的情况下,该函数将是通用的(即采用任何类型的参数)并对参数进行向上转换:

let pair name value = name, value :> obj
myfun [pair "Name" "Freddie"; pair "Age" 50]

嗯...不是更好,是吗?但是等等,我们还没有完成!现在你有了这个函数,你可以给它起一个更好听的名字,这样调用它会更好听。说,==>:

let (==>) name value = name, value :> obj
myfun ["Name" ==> "Freddie";  "Age" ==> 50]

如果您事先知道可能的类型集并且相对较小(正如您的问题似乎表明的那样),您可以更进一步,让编译器检查是否只使用了允许的类型。为此,您需要使用方法重载、静态解析类型约束和一些语法技巧:

type Casters() =
  static member cast (v: string) = v :> obj
  static member cast (v: float) = v :> obj
  static member cast (v: int) = v :> obj
  static member cast (v: string list) = v :> obj
  static member cast (v: float list) = v :> obj
  static member cast (v: int list) = v :> obj

let inline cast (casters: ^c) (value: ^t) =
    ( (^c or ^t) : (static member cast : ^t -> obj) value)

let inline (==>) name value = name, (cast (Casters()) value)

["Name" ==> "Freddie"; "Age" ==> 50]  // OK
["What?" ==> true]  // Error: "bool" is not an allowed type

你说你的值只能有某些列出的类型。我想知道您是否有特殊理由使用 obj 而不是完全适合此任务的可区分联合?

我修改了 Fyodor 的答案以使用 DU 类型而不是 obj:

type Value =
    | Int     of int      | Float     of float      | String     of string
    | IntList of int list | FloatList of float list | StringList of string list

type Casters() =
  static member cast v = Int v
  static member cast v = Float v
  static member cast v = String v
  static member cast v = IntList v
  static member cast v = FloatList v
  static member cast v = StringList v

let inline cast (casters: ^c) (value: ^t) =
    ( (^c or ^t) : (static member cast : ^t -> Value) value)

let inline (==>) name value = name, (cast (Casters()) value)

["Name" ==> "Freddie"; "Age" ==> 50]  // OK
["What?" ==> true]  // Error: "bool" is not an allowed type

这种方法的优点是,当您访问值时,您现在有 type-checked 模式匹配,并且您不必对 obj:[=15= 进行不安全的向下转换]

let myfun (values:(string*Value) list) =
    values
    |> List.map (fun (k, v) ->
        match v with
        | Int v -> k  + ":" + string v
        | String v -> k + ":" + v.Trim() )
        // etc.
    |> String.concat "\n"

myfun ["Name" ==> "Freddie"; "Age" ==> 50] |> printfn "%s"
//Name:Freddie
//Age:50