在二叉搜索树中找到第二小的元素
finding second smallest element in binary search tree
int secondSmallestInBST(struct node * tNode) {
if( tNode==NULL || (tNode->left==NULL && tNode->right==NULL) ) // case 1 and 2
exit;
if(tNode->left == NULL){ // case 3
tNode=tNode->right;
while(tNode->left!=NULL){
tNode=tNode->left;
}
return tNode->data;
} // general case.
node * parent=tNode,* child = tNode->left;
while(child->left!=NULL){
parent = child;
child = child->left;
}
return parent->data;
}
并不是每个测试用例都通过了我的代码。如果我的代码中缺少任何测试用例,请建议我。我只是在二叉搜索树中找到第二小的元素。
int secondSmallestInBST(struct node * tNode) {
if( tNode==NULL || (tNode->left==NULL && tNode->right==NULL) ) // case 1 and 2
exit;
if(tNode->left == NULL){ // case 3
tNode=tNode->right; // find smallest in right bst.
while(tNode->left!=NULL){
tNode=tNode->left;
}
return tNode->data;
} // general case.
if(tNode->left->left==NULL && tNode->left->right!=NULL){ //missed case.
tNode=tNode->left->right;
while(tNode->left!=NULL){
tNode=tNode->left;
}
return tNode->data;
}
node * parent= tNode;
node * child = tNode->left;
while(child->left!=NULL){
parent = child;
child = child->left;
}
return parent->data;
}
//这段代码中仍然缺少一些测试用例。
测试此案例 - 3 6 2 3。
树将如下所示:
6
/
2
\
3
按照你的做法,答案会是 6,而实际是 3。
`
int Successor(Node* root){
while(root->left){
root = root->left;
}
return root->data;
}
int Second_Minimum(Node* root){
// make sure tree is not empty
if(!root)
return -1;
// previous node takes before the last left node
Node* previous = root;
// check left node first for smallest key
if(root->left){
while(root->left){
previous = root;
root = root->left; // 6
} // /
// checks for the case ----> 2
if(!root->right) // \
return previous->data; // 3
}
// Go for minimum successor if exists
if(root->right)
return Successor(root->right);
// checked left and right branch root is on his own
return -1;
}
`
BST 中序遍历按顺序(排序)给出元素。所以想法是 return 遍历中的第二个元素(如果树少于两个元素,那么它不会有第二个最小值并且应该 return null(未找到))。
以下代码实现了该算法。请注意,该算法也可以轻松更改为 return 第 K 个最小元素。
代码是用 C# 编写的(很容易用其他语言编写:-)享受吧!
public static int? FindSecondMimimum(Node node)
{
int current = 0;
return FindKthMinimum(node, 2, ref current);
}
private static int? FindKthMinimum(Node node, int k, ref int current)
{
int? result = null;
if (node == null)
return null;
if (node.Left != null)
{
result = FindKthMinimum(node.Left, k, ref current);
if (result != null)
return result;
}
current++;
if (current == k)
return node.Value;
if (node.Right != null)
{
result = FindKthMinimum(node.Right, k, ref current);
}
return result;
}
int secondSmallestInBST(struct node * tNode) {
if( tNode==NULL || (tNode->left==NULL && tNode->right==NULL) ) // case 1 and 2
exit;
if(tNode->left == NULL){ // case 3
tNode=tNode->right;
while(tNode->left!=NULL){
tNode=tNode->left;
}
return tNode->data;
} // general case.
node * parent=tNode,* child = tNode->left;
while(child->left!=NULL){
parent = child;
child = child->left;
}
return parent->data;
}
并不是每个测试用例都通过了我的代码。如果我的代码中缺少任何测试用例,请建议我。我只是在二叉搜索树中找到第二小的元素。
int secondSmallestInBST(struct node * tNode) {
if( tNode==NULL || (tNode->left==NULL && tNode->right==NULL) ) // case 1 and 2
exit;
if(tNode->left == NULL){ // case 3
tNode=tNode->right; // find smallest in right bst.
while(tNode->left!=NULL){
tNode=tNode->left;
}
return tNode->data;
} // general case.
if(tNode->left->left==NULL && tNode->left->right!=NULL){ //missed case.
tNode=tNode->left->right;
while(tNode->left!=NULL){
tNode=tNode->left;
}
return tNode->data;
}
node * parent= tNode;
node * child = tNode->left;
while(child->left!=NULL){
parent = child;
child = child->left;
}
return parent->data;
}
//这段代码中仍然缺少一些测试用例。
测试此案例 - 3 6 2 3。 树将如下所示:
6
/
2
\
3
按照你的做法,答案会是 6,而实际是 3。
`
int Successor(Node* root){
while(root->left){
root = root->left;
}
return root->data;
}
int Second_Minimum(Node* root){
// make sure tree is not empty
if(!root)
return -1;
// previous node takes before the last left node
Node* previous = root;
// check left node first for smallest key
if(root->left){
while(root->left){
previous = root;
root = root->left; // 6
} // /
// checks for the case ----> 2
if(!root->right) // \
return previous->data; // 3
}
// Go for minimum successor if exists
if(root->right)
return Successor(root->right);
// checked left and right branch root is on his own
return -1;
}
`
BST 中序遍历按顺序(排序)给出元素。所以想法是 return 遍历中的第二个元素(如果树少于两个元素,那么它不会有第二个最小值并且应该 return null(未找到))。
以下代码实现了该算法。请注意,该算法也可以轻松更改为 return 第 K 个最小元素。
代码是用 C# 编写的(很容易用其他语言编写:-)享受吧!
public static int? FindSecondMimimum(Node node)
{
int current = 0;
return FindKthMinimum(node, 2, ref current);
}
private static int? FindKthMinimum(Node node, int k, ref int current)
{
int? result = null;
if (node == null)
return null;
if (node.Left != null)
{
result = FindKthMinimum(node.Left, k, ref current);
if (result != null)
return result;
}
current++;
if (current == k)
return node.Value;
if (node.Right != null)
{
result = FindKthMinimum(node.Right, k, ref current);
}
return result;
}