Vue.js - 如何正确监视嵌套数据

Vue.js - How to properly watch for nested data

我正在尝试了解如何正确观察某些道具变化。 我有一个父组件(.vue 文件),它从 ajax 调用接收数据,将数据放入一个对象中,并使用它通过 v-for 指令呈现一些子组件,下面是我的实现的简化:

<template>
    <div>
        <player v-for="(item, key, index) in players"
            :item="item"
            :index="index"
            :key="key"">
        </player>
    </div>
</template>

... 然后在 <script> 标签内:

 data(){
     return {
         players: {}
 },
 created(){
        let self = this;
        this.$http.get('../serv/config/player.php').then((response) => {
            let pls = response.body;
            for (let p in pls) {
                self.$set(self.players, p, pls[p]);
            }
    });
}

项目对象是这样的:

item:{
   prop: value,
   someOtherProp: {
       nestedProp: nestedValue,
       myArray: [{type: "a", num: 1},{type: "b" num: 6} ...]
    },
}

现在,在我的子 "player" 组件中,我试图观察任何项目的 属性 变体,我使用:

...
watch:{
    'item.someOtherProp'(newVal){
        //to work with changes in "myArray"
    },
    'item.prop'(newVal){
        //to work with changes in prop
    }
}

它有效,但对我来说似乎有点棘手,我想知道这是否是正确的方法。我的目标是每次 prop 更改或 myArray 获取新元素或现有元素中的某些变化时执行一些操作。任何建议将不胜感激。

您可以为此使用 deep watcher

watch: {
  item: {
     handler(val){
       // do stuff
     },
     deep: true
  }
}

现在这将检​​测对 item 数组中对象的任何更改以及对数组本身的添加(当与 Vue.set). Here's a JSFiddle: http://jsfiddle.net/je2rw3rs/

一起使用时

编辑

如果您不想监视顶层对象的每一个变化,而只想使用不那么笨拙的语法来直接监视嵌套对象,您可以简单地监视 computed

var vm = new Vue({
  el: '#app',
  computed: {
    foo() {
      return this.item.foo;
    }
  },
  watch: {
    foo() {
      console.log('Foo Changed!');
    }
  },
  data: {
    item: {
      foo: 'foo'
    }
  }
})

这是 JSFiddle:http://jsfiddle.net/oa07r5fw/

另一种比较优雅的好方法如下:

 watch:{
     'item.someOtherProp': function (newVal, oldVal){
         //to work with changes in someOtherProp
     },
     'item.prop': function(newVal, oldVal){
         //to work with changes in prop
     }
 }

(我在 comment here 中从@peerbolte 那里学到了这种方法)

How if you want to watch a property for a while and then to un-watch it?

Or to watch a library child component property?

您可以使用“动态观察器”:

this.$watch(
 'object.property', //what you want to watch
 (newVal, oldVal) => {
    //execute your code here
 }
)

$watch returns 一个取消监视函数,如果它被调用,它将停止监视。

var unwatch = vm.$watch('a', cb)
// later, teardown the watcher
unwatch()

您也可以使用 deep 选项:

this.$watch(
'someObject', () => {
    //execute your code here
},
{ deep: true }
)

请务必看一看to docs

我对使用 deep: true 的公认答案的问题是,在深入观察数组时,我无法轻易识别 数组的哪个 元素包含改变。我找到的唯一明确的解决方案是

VueJs 深入观察子对象

new Vue({
    el: "#myElement",
    data: {
        entity: {
            properties: []
        }
    },
    watch: {
        'entity.properties': {
            handler: function (after, before) {
                // Changes detected. Do work...     
            },
            deep: true
        }
    }
});

另一种补充方法是我以前'hack'这个解决方案是这样做的: 我设置了一个单独的 computed 值,它只是 return 嵌套对象值。

data : function(){
    return {
        countries : {
            UnitedStates : {
                value: "hello world";
            }.
        },
    };
},
computed : {
    helperName : function(){
        return this.countries.UnitedStates.value;
    },
},
watch : {
    helperName : function(newVal, oldVal){
        // do this...
    }
}

此处未提及,但如果要扩展 Vue class.

,也可以使用 vue-property-decorator 模式
import { Watch, Vue } from 'vue-property-decorator';

export default class SomeClass extends Vue {
   ...

   @Watch('item.someOtherProp')
   someOtherPropChange(newVal, oldVal) {
      // do something
   }

   ...
}

跟踪列表中的单个更改项

如果您想查看列表中的所有项目并知道列表中的哪个项目发生了变化,您可以分别为每个项目设置自定义观察者,如下所示:

var vm = new Vue({
  data: {
    list: [
      {name: 'obj1 to watch'},
      {name: 'obj2 to watch'},
    ],
  },
  methods: {
    handleChange (newVal, oldVal) {
      // Handle changes here!
      // NOTE: For mutated objects, newVal and oldVal will be identical.
      console.log(newVal);
    },
  },
  created () {
    this.list.forEach((val) => {
      this.$watch(() => val, this.handleChange, {deep: true});
    });
  },
});

如果您的列表没有立即填充(就像在原始问题中一样),您可以将逻辑从 created 移到任何需要的地方,例如.then() 块内。

正在观看不断变化的列表

如果您的列表本身更新为有新的或删除的项目,我开发了一个有用的模式,"shallow" 监视列表本身,并在列表更改时动态 watches/unwatches 项目:

// NOTE: This example uses Lodash (_.differenceBy and _.pull) to compare lists
//       and remove list items. The same result could be achieved with lots of
//       list.indexOf(...) if you need to avoid external libraries.

var vm = new Vue({
  data: {
    list: [
      {name: 'obj1 to watch'},
      {name: 'obj2 to watch'},
    ],
    watchTracker: [],
  },
  methods: {
    handleChange (newVal, oldVal) {
      // Handle changes here!
      console.log(newVal);
    },
    updateWatchers () {
      // Helper function for comparing list items to the "watchTracker".
      const getItem = (val) => val.item || val;

      // Items that aren't already watched: watch and add to watched list.
      _.differenceBy(this.list, this.watchTracker, getItem).forEach((item) => {
        const unwatch = this.$watch(() => item, this.handleChange, {deep: true});
        this.watchTracker.push({ item: item, unwatch: unwatch });
        // Uncomment below if adding a new item to the list should count as a "change".
        // this.handleChange(item);
      });

      // Items that no longer exist: unwatch and remove from the watched list.
      _.differenceBy(this.watchTracker, this.list, getItem).forEach((watchObj) => {
        watchObj.unwatch();
        _.pull(this.watchTracker, watchObj);
        // Optionally add any further cleanup in here for when items are removed.
      });
    },
  },
  watch: {
    list () {
      return this.updateWatchers();
    },
  },
  created () {
    return this.updateWatchers();
  },
});

None 对我的回答是有效的。实际上,如果您想观察多次调用组件的嵌套数据。所以他们被称为不同的道具来识别他们。 例如<MyComponent chart="chart1"/> <MyComponent chart="chart2"/> 我的解决方法是创建一个附加的 vuex 状态变量,我手动更新它以指向上次更新的 属性。

这是一个Vuex.ts实现示例:

export default new Vuex.Store({
    state: {
        hovEpacTduList: {},  // a json of arrays to be shared by different components, 
                             // for example  hovEpacTduList["chart1"]=[2,6,9]
        hovEpacTduListChangeForChart: "chart1"  // to watch for latest update, 
                                                // here to access "chart1" update 
   },
   mutations: {
        setHovEpacTduList: (state, payload) => {
            state.hovEpacTduListChangeForChart = payload.chart // we will watch hovEpacTduListChangeForChart
            state.hovEpacTduList[payload.chart] = payload.list // instead of hovEpacTduList, which vuex cannot watch
        },
}

在更新商店的任何组件函数上:

    const payload = {chart:"chart1", list: [4,6,3]}
    this.$store.commit('setHovEpacTduList', payload);

现在在任何组件上获取更新:

    computed: {
        hovEpacTduListChangeForChart() {
            return this.$store.state.hovEpacTduListChangeForChart;
        }
    },
    watch: {
        hovEpacTduListChangeForChart(chart) {
            if (chart === this.chart)  // the component was created with chart as a prop <MyComponent chart="chart1"/> 
                console.log("Update! for", chart, this.$store.state.hovEpacTduList[chart]);
        },
    },

我发现它也是这样工作的:

watch: {
    "details.position"(newValue, oldValue) {
        console.log("changes here")
    }
},
data() {
    return {
      details: {
          position: ""
      }
    }
}

下面是为嵌套属性编写观察者的方法:

    new Vue({
        ...allYourOtherStuff,
        watch: {
            ['foo.bar'](newValue, oldValue) {
                // Do stuff here
            }
        }
    });

您甚至可以将此语法用于异步观察者:

    new Vue({
        ...allYourOtherStuff,
        watch: {
            async ['foo.bar'](newValue, oldValue) {
                // Do stuff here
            }
        }
    });

我使用了deep:true,但发现监视函数中的旧值和新值始终相同。作为以前解决方案的替代方案,我尝试了这个,它将通过将其转换为字符串来检查整个对象的任何更改:

created() {
    this.$watch(
        () => JSON.stringify(this.object),
            (newValue, oldValue) => {
                //do your stuff                
            }
    );
},

我个人更喜欢这种简洁的实现方式:

watch: {
  myVariable: {
     handler(newVal, oldVal){  // here having access to the new and old value
       // do stuff
     },
     deep: true,
     immediate: true //  Also very important the immediate in case you need it, the callback will be called immediately after the start of the observation

  }
}

致所有寻找 Vue 3 的人


import { watch } from 'vue';

...
...

watch(
  () => yourNestedObject,              // first param, your object
  (currValue, prevValue) => {          // second param, watcher callback
    console.log(currValue, prevValue);
  },
  { deep: true }                       // third param, for deep checking
);

您可以参考这里的文档:https://v3.vuejs.org/guide/reactivity-computed-watchers.html#watch