为什么快速排序函数会更改参数的值

Why Quick sort function change argument's value

我正在阅读 'The ANSI-C programming language' 的递归部分。我是 运行 递归示例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

static int v[] = {1,3,6,1,2,3,6,89,3,5,7,2,3};
int size = sizeof(v)/sizeof(v[0]);

void sy_swap (int v[], int i, int j);
void sy_qsort(int v[], int left, int right);

/*Swap function*/
void sy_swap (int v[], int i, int j)
{
    int temp;
    temp = v[i];
    v[i] = v[j];
    v[j] = temp;
}

/*Sort function*/
void sy_qsort(int v[], int left, int right)
{
    int i, last;
    static int loop = 0;

    if(left >= right){  /*Finish sort*/
        return;
    }
    sy_swap(v, left, (left + right)/2); /*Move middle element to beginning of the half*/
    last = left;
    for(i = left+1; i<=right; i++){ /*After this loop, we have to half: smaller than 'middle element' and bigger*/
        if (v[i] < v[left]){
            sy_swap(v, ++last, i);
        }
    }
    sy_swap(v, left, last); /*Move 'middle element' to the head of SMALL half, to finish division the array into 2 half*/

    sy_qsort(v,left, last-1);   /*Sort Small Half*/
    sy_qsort(v, last+1, right); /*Sort Big Half*/

}

int main(void)
{
    int i = 0;

    printf("sizes: size of v=%d, size of v[0]=%d, total elements=%d\n",(int)sizeof(v), (int)sizeof(v[0]),size); /*Check 'size' before sort*/
    sy_qsort(v,0,size);
    printf("sizes: size of v=%d, size of v[0]=%d, total elements=%d\n",(int)sizeof(v), (int)sizeof(v[0]),size); /*Check 'size' after sort*/

    for (i =0; i<size; i++){
        printf("%d,",v[i]);
    }

    return (0);
}

有谁知道为什么 'size' 变量在调用排序函数后被更改,尽管排序函数内部没有任何操作更改 'right' 参数?

这是结果表明 'size' 从实际的 13(数组中的元素总数)更改为 89(数组中的最大元素)

sizes: size of v=52, size of v[0]=4, total elements=13
sizes: size of v=52, size of v[0]=4, total **elements=89**
1,1,2,2,3,3,3,3,5,6,6,7,13,89,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0......

您有 未定义的行为,因为您将数组的 size 作为有效索引,但事实并非如此。

以循环为例

for(i = left+1; i<=right; i++)

main 函数对 sy_qsort 的第一次调用中,变量 right 等于 size,这是数组的大小,但作为index 是 最后一个元素之外的一个。条件需要是i < right.