如何在 c 中创建 n-ary 树

how to create a n-ary tree in c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>


struct node{
  char *word;
  int depth, children;
  struct node  **child;
};

typedef struct node node;


node *createTree();
node *createNode(char *word,int depth);

int main(int argv,char *argc[]){
   node *root,*current_node;
   root=createNode("root",0);
   char *array[]={"string1","string2","string3"};
   current_node=root;
   printf("root has been created with word: %s \n",current_node->word);
   int i;
   for (i=0; i<3; i++){
      current_node->child[i]=createNode(array[i],(current_node->depth)+1);
      current_node->children++;
      printf("%s  has been inserted to the tree\n",current_node->word);
   }

}



node *createTree(){
   printf("root has been created\n");
   return createNode("",0);    /*creates the first node*/
}

node *createNode(char *word,int depth){
   node *new_node;
   new_node=malloc(sizeof(node));
   new_node->word=word;
   new_node->depth=depth;
   new_node->children=0;
   new_node->child=NULL;
}

所以我在这里要做的是构建一棵 n-ary 树。我使用 createNode 函数来创建根的 children,但是当我尝试 link 一个新节点的地址到 child 时,程序因分段错误而崩溃。我知道我的错误可能是,我尝试创建 children 的方式,但我找不到。帮助任何人?

在使用之前为 child 结构成员分配内存:

current_node->child = malloc(3 * sizeof(node *));

for (i=0; i<3; i++) {
    current_node->child[i] = createNode(array[i],(current_node->depth)+1);
    current_node->children++;
    printf("%s  has been inserted to the tree\n",current_node->word);
}

您定义的结构意味着您必须将每个级别作为一个节点数组进行管理,其中的元素数量可能是动态的。在 C 中用于 n 元树表示的更常见的结构是:

struct node {
    char *word;
    int depth, children;  // Reconsider if you need these
                          //   for maintenance effort versus benefit
    struct node *child;   // point to children of this node
    struct node *next;    // point to next node at same level
};

因此结构如下所示:

Root -> NULL
 |
 V
Child-1.1 -> Child-1.2 -> ... -> Child-1.n -> NULL
 |              |                   |            
 |              V                   V
 |              ...              Child-1.n.1 -> ... -> NULL
 V
Child-1.1.1 -> Child-1.1.2 -> ... -> NULL
 |
 ... etc

然后您需要修改 createNode 并相应地编写其他树木管理例程。它们可能看起来的部分且非常简洁的示例(不一定包含所有正确的有效性检查或节点 removal/deallocations):

struct node {
    int data;
    struct node *next;
    struct node *child;
};

typedef struct node node;

node * new_node(int);
node * add_sibling(node *, int);
node * add_child(node *, int);

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    int i;
    node *root = new_node(0);

    for ( i = 1; i <= 3; i++ )
        add_child(root, i);
}

node * new_node(int data)
{
    node *new_node = malloc(sizeof(node));

    if ( new_node ) {
        new_node->next = NULL;
        new_node->child = NULL;
        new_node->data = data;
    }

    return new_node;
}

node * add_sibling(node * n, int data)
{
    if ( n == NULL )
        return NULL;

    while (n->next)
        n = n->next;

    return (n->next = new_node(data));
}

node * add_child(node * n, int data)
{
    if ( n == NULL )
        return NULL;

    if ( n->child )
        return add_sibling(n->child, data);
    else
        return (n->child = new_node(data));
}

一些可能有用的附加功能

void remove_node(node* node, node* new_root)
{
    if(node->parent != NULL)
        remove_node(node->parent, new_root)

    if(node->next != NULL)
        remove_node(node->next, new_root)

    if((node->child != NULL) && (node->child != new_root))
        remove_node(node->child, new_root)

    free(node)
}

// new root must be element of the tree
void new_root_tree(node **root, node *new_root) {
    *root = new_root
    remove_node(new_root->parent);
    remove_node(new_root->next);
}