PsychoPy Coder：根据帧定义图像持续时间

Question

我有一些 Matlab 经验，但对 PsychoPy 还是个新手。

现在我想在两个图像之间不断切换，直到有键盘响应。每张图片都应在屏幕上准确停留 100 毫秒，我希望能够验证情况是否如此（例如在日志文件中）。

我通过在 win.flip() 之后使用 core.wait(.084) 得到了正确的结果 - 在 60Hz 的屏幕上给出了大约 100ms。我通过使用 win.logOnFlip()

将每个翻转的帧写入日志文件来验证它

但我相信我可以更精确，我只知道如何根据帧来定义图像的持续时间。

函数 core.wait() 只需要以秒为单位的时间，而不是以帧为单位，对吗？

如果你能给我一些关于如何实现（并验证）每张图像 6 帧的呈现的提示，我将不胜感激。

提前致谢

最佳

塞巴斯蒂安

这是我的代码：

import os                           # for file/folder operations
from psychopy import visual, event, core, gui, data, logging

# Ensure that relative paths start from the same directory as this script
_thisDir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
os.chdir(_thisDir)

# screen size in pixels
scrsize = (600,400)                

# gather info participant
exp_name = 'MyFirstPsychoPy'
exp_info = {
        'participant': '',  
        }
dlg = gui.DlgFromDict(dictionary=exp_info, title=exp_name)

# if user pressed cancel quit
if dlg.OK == False:
    core.quit()  

# Get date and time
exp_info['date'] = data.getDateStr()
exp_info['exp_name'] = exp_name

#save a log file for detail verbose info
filename = _thisDir + os.sep + 'data/%s_%s_%s' %(exp_info['participant'], exp_name, exp_info['date'])
# print filename   #to see if path correct
logFile = logging.LogFile(filename+'.log', level=logging.DEBUG)
logging.console.setLevel(logging.WARNING)  #  outputs to the screen, not a file


# Create a window small window
win = visual.Window(size=scrsize, color='white', units='pix', fullscr=False)

# or go full screen
#win = visual.Window([1280,1024], fullscr=True, allowGUI=False, waitBlanking=True)

# this is supposed to record all frames
win.setRecordFrameIntervals(True)   

# show instructions until spacebar
start_message = visual.TextStim(win,
                            text="hello. you will see mondrians. press space to respond.",
                            color='red', height=20)
event.clearEvents()
keys = event.getKeys(keyList=['space', 'escape'])  #allow only space and escape keys
while len(keys) == 0:
    start_message.draw()
    win.flip()

    keys = event.getKeys(keyList=['space', 'escape'])
    if len(keys)>0:
        break

print keys  #show on output screen
keys = event.clearEvents()  # empty keys
keys = event.getKeys(keyList=['space', 'escape'])


# define 2 pictures
bitmap1 = visual.ImageStim(win, 'Mondrians/Mask_1.bmp', size=scrsize)
bitmap2 = visual.ImageStim(win, 'Mondrians/Mask_2.bmp', size=scrsize)
bitmap = bitmap1


# Initialize clock to register response time
rt_clock = core.Clock()
rt_clock.reset()  # set rt clock to 0


# show alternating pics until response
frameN = 0
while len(keys) == 0:       

    if bitmap == bitmap1:
        bitmap = bitmap2
    else:
        bitmap = bitmap1

    bitmap.draw() 

    win.logOnFlip(msg='frame=%i' %frameN, level=logging.DEBUG)  #record the time of win.flip() in the log file
    win.flip()  # show image
    frameN = frameN + 1 

    core.wait(.084)  # wait 100 ms


    keys = event.getKeys(keyList=['space', 'escape'])    #record resp

    # if response stop
    if len(keys)>0:
        rt = rt_clock.getTime()
        break      

print keys, rt  #show resp and rt on screen

win.saveFrameIntervals(filename+'.log', clear=True)

win.close()
core.quit()

Answer 1

是的，还有更好的方法！标准解决方案利用了 win.flip() 暂停代码执行直到下一次监视器更新这一事实。所以循环 win.flip() 会给你每个循环正好一帧。所以要在两个 imageStims（bitmap1 和 bitmap2）之间切换，直到有响应：

clock = core.Clock()  # to assess timing
keepLooping = True
while keepLooping:  # continue until break
    for thisBitmap in [bitmap1, bitmap2]:  # alternate between images
        if keepLooping:  # do not show bitmap2 if a key was pressed on bitmap1
            for frameN in range(6):  # 100 ms
                thisBitmap.draw()
                print clock.getTime()
                win.callOnFlip(clock.reset)  # ... or use win.logOnFlip
                win.flip()  # inner loop is timed to this, as long as the rest of the code in here doesn't take longer than a frame.

                keys = event.getKeys(keyList=['space', 'escape'])
                if keys:  # notice simplification. [] evaluates to False.
                    rt = rt_clock.getTime()
                    keepLooping = False
                    break

...然后剩下的。我用 core.Clock() 来评估这里的时间，但你的 win.logOnFlip() 也一样好。取决于你想要什么样的输出。

注意event.getKeys()记录的是执行该行的时间，而不是按键被按下的时间。因此它增加了一个小的延迟。因此，在这个 "frame-locked loop" 中，关键响应被离散化为帧间隔。如果你想获得键盘状态的真正异步轮询（即如果在 RT 记录中有高达 +16ms 的错误），请使用 iohub 模块。无论如何，许多键盘都有 10-30 毫秒的固有延迟，因此您无法消除所有延迟。

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