如何使用 Ubuntu VPS GNOME 环境为 TightVNC 正确配置 xstartup 文件
How to properly configure xstartup file for TightVNC with Ubuntu VPS GNOME environment
我想通过 VNC 使用 GNOME 环境访问我的 Ubuntu 16.10 VPS (Contabo)，但是我仍然面临一些到目前为止无法解决的问题。要安装和配置软件，我 运行 使用以下命令：
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-gnome-desktop
sudo apt-get install tightvncserver xtightvncviewer tightvnc-java
sudo locale-gen de_DE.UTF-8
sudo apt-get install xfonts-75dpi
sudo apt-get install xfonts-100dpi
sudo apt-get install gnome-panel
sudo apt-get install metacity
sudo apt-get install light-themes
touch ~/.Xresources
vncpasswd
文件~/.vnc/xstartup最初包含以下几行：
#!/bin/sh
xrdb $HOME/.Xresources
xsetroot -solid grey
#x-terminal-emulator -geometry 80x24+10+10 -ls -title "$VNCDESKTOP Desktop" &
#x-window-manager &
# Fix to make GNOME work
export XKL_XMODMAP_DISABLE=1
/etc/X11/Xsession
当我使用 vncserver -geometry 1920x1200 启动 VNC 服务器时，根据 ~/.vnc
中的日志文件，一切看起来都很好
17/02/17 11:47:48 Xvnc version TightVNC-1.3.10
17/02/17 11:47:48 Copyright (C) 2000-2009 TightVNC Group
17/02/17 11:47:48 Copyright (C) 1999 AT&T Laboratories Cambridge
17/02/17 11:47:48 All Rights Reserved.
17/02/17 11:47:48 See http://www.tightvnc.com/ for information on TightVNC
17/02/17 11:47:48 Desktop name 'X' (host:1)
17/02/17 11:47:48 Protocol versions supported: 3.3, 3.7, 3.8, 3.7t, 3.8t
17/02/17 11:47:48 Listening for VNC connections on TCP port 5901
17/02/17 11:47:48 Listening for HTTP connections on TCP port 5801
我可以通过 VNCViewer 从我的 Windows PC 成功连接并看到灰色 window。
现在，我不清楚的是我必须在 ~/.vnc/xstartup 中更改什么才能获得 Gnome 运行。我尝试了很多不同的设置。
例如当我将 xstartup 更改为
#!/bin/sh
xrdb $HOME/.Xresources
xsetroot -solid grey
x-terminal-emulator -geometry 80x24+10+10 -ls -title "$VNCDESKTOP Desktop" &
#x-window-manager &
# Fix to make GNOME work
export XKL_XMODMAP_DISABLE=1
/etc/X11/Xsession
#gnome-session &
gnome-panel &
gnome-settings-daemon &
metacity &
nautilus &
并通过 VNC 连接，我在 vnc 日志文件中收到以下错误消息：
17/02/17 14:13:09 Xvnc version TightVNC-1.3.10
17/02/17 14:13:09 Copyright (C) 2000-2009 TightVNC Group
17/02/17 14:13:09 Copyright (C) 1999 AT&T Laboratories Cambridge
17/02/17 14:13:09 All Rights Reserved.
17/02/17 14:13:09 See http://www.tightvnc.com/ for information on TightVNC
17/02/17 14:13:09 Desktop name 'X' (host:1)
17/02/17 14:13:09 Protocol versions supported: 3.3, 3.7, 3.8, 3.7t, 3.8t
17/02/17 14:13:09 Listening for VNC connections on TCP port 5901
17/02/17 14:13:09 Listening for HTTP connections on TCP port 5801
17/02/17 14:13:09 URL http://5801
(nautilus:7807): Gtk-WARNING **: Failed to register client: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.ServiceUnknown: The name org.gnome.SessionManager was not provided by any .service files
metacity-Message: could not find XKB extension.
Window manager warning: Missing composite extension required for compositing
(gnome-settings-daemon:7805): rfkill-plugin-WARNING **: Could not open RFKILL control device, please verify your installation
** (gnome-panel:7804): WARNING **: Failed to register client: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.ServiceUnknown: The name org.gnome.SessionManager was not provided by any .service files
(nautilus:7807): Gtk-WARNING **: Theme parsing error: <broken file>:1:0: Failed to import: The resource at '/org/gnome/libgd/tagged-entry/default.css' does not exist
Xlib: extension "XInputExtension" missing on display ":1".
Xlib: extension "XInputExtension" missing on display ":1".
Xlib: extension "XInputExtension" missing on display ":1".
Xlib: extension "XInputExtension" missing on display ":1".
Xlib: extension "XInputExtension" missing on display ":1".
Xlib: extension "XInputExtension" missing on display ":1".
(gnome-settings-daemon:7805): media-keys-plugin-WARNING **: Unable to inhibit keypresses: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.AccessDenied: Permission denied
** (gnome-settings-daemon:7805): WARNING **: Unable to register client: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.ServiceUnknown: The name org.gnome.SessionManager was not provided by any .service files
** (process:7845): WARNING **: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.ServiceUnknown: The name org.gnome.SessionManager was not provided by any .service files
(gnome-settings-daemon:7805): GLib-GIO-CRITICAL **: g_task_return_error: assertion 'error != NULL' failed
Xlib: extension "XInputExtension" missing on display ":1".
Xlib: extension "XInputExtension" missing on display ":1".
(gnome-settings-daemon:7805): sharing-plugin-WARNING **: Failed to StopUnit service: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.systemd1.NoSuchUnit: Unit rygel.service not loaded.
Xlib: extension "XInputExtension" missing on display ":1".
(gnome-panel:7804): Gtk-WARNING **: Allocating size to PanelToplevel 0x55e8b9e1fba0 without calling gtk_widget_get_preferred_width/height(). How does the code know the size to allocate?
Xlib: extension "XInputExtension" missing on display ":1".
Nautilus-Share-Message: Called "net usershare info" but it failed: Failed to execute child process "net" (No such file or directory)
Xlib: extension "XInputExtension" missing on display ":1".
这是我用 VNCViewer 可以看到的：
到目前为止，我无法修复日志文件中的问题。非常感谢您的帮助。
更新 1
如果我根据 muktupavels 的 UPDATE 2 调整 ~/.vnc/xstartup 回答我的日志文件如下所示我通过 vncviewer 连接：
21/02/17 08:51:52 Xvnc version TightVNC-1.3.10
21/02/17 08:51:52 Copyright (C) 2000-2009 TightVNC Group
21/02/17 08:51:52 Copyright (C) 1999 AT&T Laboratories Cambridge
21/02/17 08:51:52 All Rights Reserved.
21/02/17 08:51:52 See http://www.tightvnc.com/ for information on TightVNC
21/02/17 08:51:52 Desktop name 'X' (host:1)
21/02/17 08:51:52 Protocol versions supported: 3.3, 3.7, 3.8, 3.7t, 3.8t
21/02/17 08:51:52 Listening for VNC connections on TCP port 5901
21/02/17 08:51:52 Listening for HTTP connections on TCP port 5801
21/02/17 08:51:52 URL http://host:5801
21/02/17 08:51:58 Got connection from client xxx
21/02/17 08:51:58 Using protocol version 3.8
21/02/17 08:52:03 Full-control authentication passed by xxx
21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding 16
21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding 22
21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding 21
21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding 15
21/02/17 08:52:04 Using zlib encoding for client xxx
21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding -314
21/02/17 08:52:04 Enabling full-color cursor updates for client xxx
21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding -223
21/02/17 08:52:04 Pixel format for client xxx:
21/02/17 08:52:04 8 bpp, depth 8
21/02/17 08:52:04 uses a colour map (not true colour).
21/02/17 08:52:04 Using raw encoding for client xxx
21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding 22
21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding 21
21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding 16
21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding 15
21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding -314
21/02/17 08:52:04 Enabling full-color cursor updates for client 141.83.54.107
21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding -223
21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding 15
21/02/17 08:52:04 Using hextile encoding for client xxx
21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding 22
21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding 21
21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding 16
21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding -314
21/02/17 08:52:04 Enabling full-color cursor updates for client 141.83.54.107
21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding -223
21/02/17 08:52:04 Pixel format for client xxx:
21/02/17 08:52:04 32 bpp, depth 24, little endian
21/02/17 08:52:04 true colour: max r 255 g 255 b 255, shift r 16 g 8 b 0
21/02/17 08:52:04 no translation needed
21/02/17 08:52:08 KbdAddEvent: unknown KeySym 0xffeb - allocating KeyCode 89
这是 GUI 的屏幕截图：
现在顶部面板上可以看到时钟等。但是，桌面仍然是灰色的，鼠标右键单击不起作用。
还有一些应用程序如 GNOME Terminal 一开始没有启动。当我尝试使用 xterm 启动终端时，我收到以下错误消息：
Error constructing proxy for org.gnome.Terminal:/org/gnome/Terminal/Factory0: Error calling StartServiceByName for org.gnome.Terminal: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.TimedOut: Failed to activate service 'org.gnome.Terminal': timed out
执行以下命令并重新启动后，GNOME 终端和所有其他程序都可以正常工作：
sudo locale-gen
sudo localectl set-locale LANG="en_US.UTF-8"
sudo reboot
更新 3
已将 --debug 参数添加到 ~/.vnc/xstartup 中的 gnome-session cmd。重新启动 vncserver 后，我在 ~/.xsession-errors 中收到以下消息：
Xsession: X session started for <user> at Di 21. Feb 08:35:01 CET 2017
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting DISPLAY=:1
dbus-update-activation-environment: warning: error sending to systemd: org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.Spawn.ChildExited: Process org.freedesktop.systemd1 exited with status 1
X Error of failed request: BadValue (integer parameter out of range for operation)
Major opcode of failed request: 109 (X_ChangeHosts)
Value in failed request: 0x5
Serial number of failed request: 6
Current serial number in output stream: 8
localuser:<user> being added to access control list
X Error of failed request: BadValue (integer parameter out of range for operation)
Major opcode of failed request: 109 (X_ChangeHosts)
Value in failed request: 0x5
Serial number of failed request: 6
Current serial number in output stream: 8
openConnection: connect: No such file or directory
cannot connect to braille devices daemon brltty at :0
Incompatible XKB server support
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting GTK_MODULES=gail:atk-bridge
dbus-update-activation-environment: warning: error sending to systemd: org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.Spawn.ChildExited: Process org.freedesktop.systemd1 exited with status 1
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting QT_ACCESSIBILITY=1
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting QT_LINUX_ACCESSIBILITY_ALWAYS_ON=1
dbus-update-activation-environment: warning: error sending to systemd: org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.Spawn.ChildExited: Process org.freedesktop.systemd1 exited with status 1
Error: couldn't find RGB GLX visual or fbconfig
OpenGL version not found.
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting LESSOPEN=| /usr/bin/lesspipe %s
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting VNCDESKTOP=X
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting MAIL=/var/mail/<user>
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting SSH_CLIENT=xx.xxx.xx.xx 54876 22
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting USER=<user>
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting LANGUAGE=en_US:
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting LC_TIME=de_DE.UTF-8
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting SHLVL=1
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting HOME=/home/<user>
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting OLDPWD=/home/<user>/.vnc
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting SSH_TTY=/dev/pts/0
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting GTK_MODULES=gail:atk-bridge
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting QT_LINUX_ACCESSIBILITY_ALWAYS_ON=1
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting LC_MONETARY=de_DE.UTF-8
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS=unix:abstract=/tmp/dbus-x72bVPIADb,guid=db78e03690370c91adb4424458abeda5
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting IM_CONFIG_PHASE=1
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting LOGNAME=<user>
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting _=/usr/bin/vncserver
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting TERM=xterm
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting PATH=/home/<user>/bin:/home/<user>/.local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting LC_ADDRESS=de_DE.UTF-8
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=/run/user/1000
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting DISPLAY=:1
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting LC_TELEPHONE=de_DE.UTF-8
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting LANG=en_US
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting XKL_XMODMAP_DISABLE=1
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting LS_COLORS=rs=0:di=01;34:ln=01;36:mh=00:pi=40;33:so=01;35:do=01;35:bd=40;33;01:cd=40;33;01:or=40;31;01:mi=00:su=37;41:sg=30;43:ca=30;41:tw=30;42:ow=34;42:st=37;44:ex=01;32:*.tar=01;31:*.tgz=01;31:*.arc=01;31:*.arj=01;31:*.taz=01;31:*.lha=01;31:*.lz4=01;31:*.lzh=01;31:*.lzma=01;31:*.tlz=01;31:*.txz=01;31:*.tzo=01;31:*.t7z=01;31:*.zip=01;31:*.z=01;31:*.Z=01;31:*.dz=01;31:*.gz=01;31:*.lrz=01;31:*.lz=01;31:*.lzo=01;31:*.xz=01;31:*.bz2=01;31:*.bz=01;31:*.tbz=01;31:*.tbz2=01;31:*.tz=01;31:*.deb=01;31:*.rpm=01;31:*.jar=01;31:*.war=01;31:*.ear=01;31:*.sar=01;31:*.rar=01;31:*.alz=01;31:*.ace=01;31:*.zoo=01;31:*.cpio=01;31:*.7z=01;31:*.rz=01;31:*.cab=01;31:*.jpg=01;35:*.jpeg=01;35:*.gif=01;35:*.bmp=01;35:*.pbm=01;35:*.pgm=01;35:*.ppm=01;35:*.tga=01;35:*.xbm=01;35:*.xpm=01;35:*.tif=01;35:*.tiff=01;35:*.png=01;35:*.svg=01;35:*.svgz=01;35:*.mng=01;35:*.pcx=01;35:*.mov=01;35:*.mpg=01;35:*.mpeg=01;35:*.m2v=01;35:*.mkv=01;35:*.webm=01;35:*.ogm=01;35:*.mp4=01;35:*.m4v=01;35:*.mp4v=01;35:*.vob=01;35:*.qt=01;35:*.nuv=01;35:*.wmv=01;35:*.asf=01;35:*.rm=01;35:*.rmvb=01;35:*.flc=01;35:*.avi=01;35:*.fli=01;35:*.flv=01;35:*.gl=01;35:*.dl=01;35:*.xcf=01;35:*.xwd=01;35:*.yuv=01;35:*.cgm=01;35:*.emf=01;35:*.ogv=01;35:*.ogx=01;35:*.aac=00;36:*.au=00;36:*.flac=00;36:*.m4a=00;36:*.mid=00;36:*.midi=00;36:*.mka=00;36:*.mp3=00;36:*.mpc=00;36:*.ogg=00;36:*.ra=00;36:*.wav=00;36:*.oga=00;36:*.opus=00;36:*.spx=00;36:*.xspf=00;36:
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting SHELL=/bin/bash
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting SHELL=/bin/bash
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting LC_NAME=de_DE.UTF-8
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting QT_ACCESSIBILITY=1
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting LESSCLOSE=/usr/bin/lesspipe %s %s
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting LC_MEASUREMENT=de_DE.UTF-8
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting LC_IDENTIFICATION=de_DE.UTF-8
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting PWD=/home/<user>
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting SSH_CONNECTION=xx.xxx.xx.xx 54876 xx.xxx.xx.xx 22
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting XDG_DATA_DIRS=/usr/share/gnome:/usr/local/share/:/usr/share/:/var/lib/snapd/desktop
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting LC_NUMERIC=de_DE.UTF-8
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting LC_PAPER=de_DE.UTF-8
dbus-update-activation-environment: warning: error sending to systemd: org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.Spawn.ChildExited: Process org.freedesktop.systemd1 exited with status 1
您的 vnc 日志文件告诉您有关问题。您需要安装几个软件包：
sudo apt-get install metacity gnome-panel
更新 1：
您只需要 x-window-manager 或 metacity。两者都提供 window 管理器，您只需要一个。从屏幕截图中我只看到两个问题 - 灰屏和缺少指示器。
要修复缺少的指标，请再安装一个软件包：
sudo apt-get install indicator-applet-complete
要修复灰屏，您需要 --force-desktop 命令行选项。如果你不想要默认的 nautilus window 你可以添加 --no-default-window:
nautilus --force-desktop & 或 nautilus --force-desktop --no-default-window
另外 GNOME Flashback (Metacity) Ubuntu 16.10 中的会话使用 unity-settings-daemon 而不是 gnome-settings-daemon。如果您决定更改它，请不要忘记安装它。
为了获得更好的工作桌面，您还需要导出：
export XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP="GNOME-Flashback:GNOME"
export XDG_MENU_PREFIX="gnome-flashback-"
如果您决定使用 unity-settings-daemon，那么 XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP 应该是 GNOME-Flashback:Unity。
在这两种情况下，您还需要 gnome-flashback。安装它并确保它也已启动。根据设置守护程序，您可能需要调整/更改 GSettings。默认配置为 unity-settings-daemon.
更新 2：
我可能会让 gnome-session 开始会话：
#!/bin/sh
xrdb $HOME/.Xresources
xsetroot -solid grey
export XKL_XMODMAP_DISABLE=1
export XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP="GNOME-Flashback:Unity"
export XDG_MENU_PREFIX="gnome-flashback-"
gnome-session --session=gnome-flashback-metacity --disable-acceleration-check &
要安装所需的包，只需执行 sudo apt-get install gnome-session-flashback
更新 3：
看起来 nautilus 不显示桌面图标和背景，因为桌面图标被禁用了。
您可以使用 gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.background show-desktop-icons true 或安装 ubuntu-settings 来启用它。
出于安全原因，X11 默认禁用间接 GLX 渲染。这一变化最终使其成为主流 Linux 风格。要启用 IGLX，请编辑 Xorg 文件并添加“+iglx”标志。然后重启机器。
sudo vi /usr/bin/Xorg
basedir=/usr/lib/xorg
if [ -x "$basedir"/Xorg.wrap ]; then
exec "$basedir"/Xorg.wrap "$@"
else
exec "$basedir"/Xorg "$@" +iglx
fi
我遇到了同样的问题。我遵循了所有这些说明......除了调试和 VNC 开始工作。我将 Ubuntu 系统用作无头系统，并且 99% 的时间都使用 VNC。
我今天执行了 BIOS 更新并重新启动，但再次遇到同样的问题。我知道我已经安装了所有东西，但让它起作用的一件事是再次 运行 这些命令：
sudo locale-gen
sudo localectl set-locale LANG="en_US.UTF-8"
vncserver -kill :1
vncserver
打开 VNC 查看器并顺利连接。
我想通过 VNC 使用 GNOME 环境访问我的 Ubuntu 16.10 VPS (Contabo)，但是我仍然面临一些到目前为止无法解决的问题。要安装和配置软件，我 运行 使用以下命令：
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-gnome-desktop
sudo apt-get install tightvncserver xtightvncviewer tightvnc-java
sudo locale-gen de_DE.UTF-8
sudo apt-get install xfonts-75dpi
sudo apt-get install xfonts-100dpi
sudo apt-get install gnome-panel
sudo apt-get install metacity
sudo apt-get install light-themes
touch ~/.Xresources
vncpasswd
文件~/.vnc/xstartup最初包含以下几行：
#!/bin/sh
xrdb $HOME/.Xresources
xsetroot -solid grey
#x-terminal-emulator -geometry 80x24+10+10 -ls -title "$VNCDESKTOP Desktop" &
#x-window-manager &
# Fix to make GNOME work
export XKL_XMODMAP_DISABLE=1
/etc/X11/Xsession
当我使用 vncserver -geometry 1920x1200 启动 VNC 服务器时，根据 ~/.vnc
17/02/17 11:47:48 Xvnc version TightVNC-1.3.10
17/02/17 11:47:48 Copyright (C) 2000-2009 TightVNC Group
17/02/17 11:47:48 Copyright (C) 1999 AT&T Laboratories Cambridge
17/02/17 11:47:48 All Rights Reserved.
17/02/17 11:47:48 See http://www.tightvnc.com/ for information on TightVNC
17/02/17 11:47:48 Desktop name 'X' (host:1)
17/02/17 11:47:48 Protocol versions supported: 3.3, 3.7, 3.8, 3.7t, 3.8t
17/02/17 11:47:48 Listening for VNC connections on TCP port 5901
17/02/17 11:47:48 Listening for HTTP connections on TCP port 5801
我可以通过 VNCViewer 从我的 Windows PC 成功连接并看到灰色 window。
现在，我不清楚的是我必须在 ~/.vnc/xstartup 中更改什么才能获得 Gnome 运行。我尝试了很多不同的设置。
例如当我将 xstartup 更改为
#!/bin/sh
xrdb $HOME/.Xresources
xsetroot -solid grey
x-terminal-emulator -geometry 80x24+10+10 -ls -title "$VNCDESKTOP Desktop" &
#x-window-manager &
# Fix to make GNOME work
export XKL_XMODMAP_DISABLE=1
/etc/X11/Xsession
#gnome-session &
gnome-panel &
gnome-settings-daemon &
metacity &
nautilus &
并通过 VNC 连接，我在 vnc 日志文件中收到以下错误消息：
17/02/17 14:13:09 Xvnc version TightVNC-1.3.10
17/02/17 14:13:09 Copyright (C) 2000-2009 TightVNC Group
17/02/17 14:13:09 Copyright (C) 1999 AT&T Laboratories Cambridge
17/02/17 14:13:09 All Rights Reserved.
17/02/17 14:13:09 See http://www.tightvnc.com/ for information on TightVNC
17/02/17 14:13:09 Desktop name 'X' (host:1)
17/02/17 14:13:09 Protocol versions supported: 3.3, 3.7, 3.8, 3.7t, 3.8t
17/02/17 14:13:09 Listening for VNC connections on TCP port 5901
17/02/17 14:13:09 Listening for HTTP connections on TCP port 5801
17/02/17 14:13:09 URL http://5801
(nautilus:7807): Gtk-WARNING **: Failed to register client: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.ServiceUnknown: The name org.gnome.SessionManager was not provided by any .service files
metacity-Message: could not find XKB extension.
Window manager warning: Missing composite extension required for compositing
(gnome-settings-daemon:7805): rfkill-plugin-WARNING **: Could not open RFKILL control device, please verify your installation
** (gnome-panel:7804): WARNING **: Failed to register client: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.ServiceUnknown: The name org.gnome.SessionManager was not provided by any .service files
(nautilus:7807): Gtk-WARNING **: Theme parsing error: <broken file>:1:0: Failed to import: The resource at '/org/gnome/libgd/tagged-entry/default.css' does not exist
Xlib: extension "XInputExtension" missing on display ":1".
Xlib: extension "XInputExtension" missing on display ":1".
Xlib: extension "XInputExtension" missing on display ":1".
Xlib: extension "XInputExtension" missing on display ":1".
Xlib: extension "XInputExtension" missing on display ":1".
Xlib: extension "XInputExtension" missing on display ":1".
(gnome-settings-daemon:7805): media-keys-plugin-WARNING **: Unable to inhibit keypresses: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.AccessDenied: Permission denied
** (gnome-settings-daemon:7805): WARNING **: Unable to register client: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.ServiceUnknown: The name org.gnome.SessionManager was not provided by any .service files
** (process:7845): WARNING **: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.ServiceUnknown: The name org.gnome.SessionManager was not provided by any .service files
(gnome-settings-daemon:7805): GLib-GIO-CRITICAL **: g_task_return_error: assertion 'error != NULL' failed
Xlib: extension "XInputExtension" missing on display ":1".
Xlib: extension "XInputExtension" missing on display ":1".
(gnome-settings-daemon:7805): sharing-plugin-WARNING **: Failed to StopUnit service: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.systemd1.NoSuchUnit: Unit rygel.service not loaded.
Xlib: extension "XInputExtension" missing on display ":1".
(gnome-panel:7804): Gtk-WARNING **: Allocating size to PanelToplevel 0x55e8b9e1fba0 without calling gtk_widget_get_preferred_width/height(). How does the code know the size to allocate?
Xlib: extension "XInputExtension" missing on display ":1".
Nautilus-Share-Message: Called "net usershare info" but it failed: Failed to execute child process "net" (No such file or directory)
Xlib: extension "XInputExtension" missing on display ":1".
这是我用 VNCViewer 可以看到的：
到目前为止，我无法修复日志文件中的问题。非常感谢您的帮助。
更新 1
如果我根据 muktupavels 的 UPDATE 2 调整 ~/.vnc/xstartup 回答我的日志文件如下所示我通过 vncviewer 连接：
21/02/17 08:51:52 Xvnc version TightVNC-1.3.10
21/02/17 08:51:52 Copyright (C) 2000-2009 TightVNC Group
21/02/17 08:51:52 Copyright (C) 1999 AT&T Laboratories Cambridge
21/02/17 08:51:52 All Rights Reserved.
21/02/17 08:51:52 See http://www.tightvnc.com/ for information on TightVNC
21/02/17 08:51:52 Desktop name 'X' (host:1)
21/02/17 08:51:52 Protocol versions supported: 3.3, 3.7, 3.8, 3.7t, 3.8t
21/02/17 08:51:52 Listening for VNC connections on TCP port 5901
21/02/17 08:51:52 Listening for HTTP connections on TCP port 5801
21/02/17 08:51:52 URL http://host:5801
21/02/17 08:51:58 Got connection from client xxx
21/02/17 08:51:58 Using protocol version 3.8
21/02/17 08:52:03 Full-control authentication passed by xxx
21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding 16
21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding 22
21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding 21
21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding 15
21/02/17 08:52:04 Using zlib encoding for client xxx
21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding -314
21/02/17 08:52:04 Enabling full-color cursor updates for client xxx
21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding -223
21/02/17 08:52:04 Pixel format for client xxx:
21/02/17 08:52:04 8 bpp, depth 8
21/02/17 08:52:04 uses a colour map (not true colour).
21/02/17 08:52:04 Using raw encoding for client xxx
21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding 22
21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding 21
21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding 16
21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding 15
21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding -314
21/02/17 08:52:04 Enabling full-color cursor updates for client 141.83.54.107
21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding -223
21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding 15
21/02/17 08:52:04 Using hextile encoding for client xxx
21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding 22
21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding 21
21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding 16
21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding -314
21/02/17 08:52:04 Enabling full-color cursor updates for client 141.83.54.107
21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding -223
21/02/17 08:52:04 Pixel format for client xxx:
21/02/17 08:52:04 32 bpp, depth 24, little endian
21/02/17 08:52:04 true colour: max r 255 g 255 b 255, shift r 16 g 8 b 0
21/02/17 08:52:04 no translation needed
21/02/17 08:52:08 KbdAddEvent: unknown KeySym 0xffeb - allocating KeyCode 89
这是 GUI 的屏幕截图：
现在顶部面板上可以看到时钟等。但是，桌面仍然是灰色的，鼠标右键单击不起作用。
还有一些应用程序如 GNOME Terminal 一开始没有启动。当我尝试使用 xterm 启动终端时，我收到以下错误消息：
Error constructing proxy for org.gnome.Terminal:/org/gnome/Terminal/Factory0: Error calling StartServiceByName for org.gnome.Terminal: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.TimedOut: Failed to activate service 'org.gnome.Terminal': timed out
执行以下命令并重新启动后，GNOME 终端和所有其他程序都可以正常工作：
sudo locale-gen
sudo localectl set-locale LANG="en_US.UTF-8"
sudo reboot
更新 3
已将 --debug 参数添加到 ~/.vnc/xstartup 中的 gnome-session cmd。重新启动 vncserver 后，我在 ~/.xsession-errors 中收到以下消息：
Xsession: X session started for <user> at Di 21. Feb 08:35:01 CET 2017
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting DISPLAY=:1
dbus-update-activation-environment: warning: error sending to systemd: org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.Spawn.ChildExited: Process org.freedesktop.systemd1 exited with status 1
X Error of failed request: BadValue (integer parameter out of range for operation)
Major opcode of failed request: 109 (X_ChangeHosts)
Value in failed request: 0x5
Serial number of failed request: 6
Current serial number in output stream: 8
localuser:<user> being added to access control list
X Error of failed request: BadValue (integer parameter out of range for operation)
Major opcode of failed request: 109 (X_ChangeHosts)
Value in failed request: 0x5
Serial number of failed request: 6
Current serial number in output stream: 8
openConnection: connect: No such file or directory
cannot connect to braille devices daemon brltty at :0
Incompatible XKB server support
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting GTK_MODULES=gail:atk-bridge
dbus-update-activation-environment: warning: error sending to systemd: org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.Spawn.ChildExited: Process org.freedesktop.systemd1 exited with status 1
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting QT_ACCESSIBILITY=1
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting QT_LINUX_ACCESSIBILITY_ALWAYS_ON=1
dbus-update-activation-environment: warning: error sending to systemd: org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.Spawn.ChildExited: Process org.freedesktop.systemd1 exited with status 1
Error: couldn't find RGB GLX visual or fbconfig
OpenGL version not found.
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting LESSOPEN=| /usr/bin/lesspipe %s
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting VNCDESKTOP=X
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting MAIL=/var/mail/<user>
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting SSH_CLIENT=xx.xxx.xx.xx 54876 22
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting USER=<user>
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting LANGUAGE=en_US:
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting LC_TIME=de_DE.UTF-8
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting SHLVL=1
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting HOME=/home/<user>
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting OLDPWD=/home/<user>/.vnc
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting SSH_TTY=/dev/pts/0
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting GTK_MODULES=gail:atk-bridge
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting QT_LINUX_ACCESSIBILITY_ALWAYS_ON=1
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting LC_MONETARY=de_DE.UTF-8
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS=unix:abstract=/tmp/dbus-x72bVPIADb,guid=db78e03690370c91adb4424458abeda5
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting IM_CONFIG_PHASE=1
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting LOGNAME=<user>
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting _=/usr/bin/vncserver
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting TERM=xterm
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting PATH=/home/<user>/bin:/home/<user>/.local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting LC_ADDRESS=de_DE.UTF-8
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=/run/user/1000
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting DISPLAY=:1
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting LC_TELEPHONE=de_DE.UTF-8
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting LANG=en_US
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting XKL_XMODMAP_DISABLE=1
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting LS_COLORS=rs=0:di=01;34:ln=01;36:mh=00:pi=40;33:so=01;35:do=01;35:bd=40;33;01:cd=40;33;01:or=40;31;01:mi=00:su=37;41:sg=30;43:ca=30;41:tw=30;42:ow=34;42:st=37;44:ex=01;32:*.tar=01;31:*.tgz=01;31:*.arc=01;31:*.arj=01;31:*.taz=01;31:*.lha=01;31:*.lz4=01;31:*.lzh=01;31:*.lzma=01;31:*.tlz=01;31:*.txz=01;31:*.tzo=01;31:*.t7z=01;31:*.zip=01;31:*.z=01;31:*.Z=01;31:*.dz=01;31:*.gz=01;31:*.lrz=01;31:*.lz=01;31:*.lzo=01;31:*.xz=01;31:*.bz2=01;31:*.bz=01;31:*.tbz=01;31:*.tbz2=01;31:*.tz=01;31:*.deb=01;31:*.rpm=01;31:*.jar=01;31:*.war=01;31:*.ear=01;31:*.sar=01;31:*.rar=01;31:*.alz=01;31:*.ace=01;31:*.zoo=01;31:*.cpio=01;31:*.7z=01;31:*.rz=01;31:*.cab=01;31:*.jpg=01;35:*.jpeg=01;35:*.gif=01;35:*.bmp=01;35:*.pbm=01;35:*.pgm=01;35:*.ppm=01;35:*.tga=01;35:*.xbm=01;35:*.xpm=01;35:*.tif=01;35:*.tiff=01;35:*.png=01;35:*.svg=01;35:*.svgz=01;35:*.mng=01;35:*.pcx=01;35:*.mov=01;35:*.mpg=01;35:*.mpeg=01;35:*.m2v=01;35:*.mkv=01;35:*.webm=01;35:*.ogm=01;35:*.mp4=01;35:*.m4v=01;35:*.mp4v=01;35:*.vob=01;35:*.qt=01;35:*.nuv=01;35:*.wmv=01;35:*.asf=01;35:*.rm=01;35:*.rmvb=01;35:*.flc=01;35:*.avi=01;35:*.fli=01;35:*.flv=01;35:*.gl=01;35:*.dl=01;35:*.xcf=01;35:*.xwd=01;35:*.yuv=01;35:*.cgm=01;35:*.emf=01;35:*.ogv=01;35:*.ogx=01;35:*.aac=00;36:*.au=00;36:*.flac=00;36:*.m4a=00;36:*.mid=00;36:*.midi=00;36:*.mka=00;36:*.mp3=00;36:*.mpc=00;36:*.ogg=00;36:*.ra=00;36:*.wav=00;36:*.oga=00;36:*.opus=00;36:*.spx=00;36:*.xspf=00;36:
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting SHELL=/bin/bash
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting SHELL=/bin/bash
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting LC_NAME=de_DE.UTF-8
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting QT_ACCESSIBILITY=1
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting LESSCLOSE=/usr/bin/lesspipe %s %s
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting LC_MEASUREMENT=de_DE.UTF-8
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting LC_IDENTIFICATION=de_DE.UTF-8
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting PWD=/home/<user>
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting SSH_CONNECTION=xx.xxx.xx.xx 54876 xx.xxx.xx.xx 22
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting XDG_DATA_DIRS=/usr/share/gnome:/usr/local/share/:/usr/share/:/var/lib/snapd/desktop
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting LC_NUMERIC=de_DE.UTF-8
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting LC_PAPER=de_DE.UTF-8
dbus-update-activation-environment: warning: error sending to systemd: org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.Spawn.ChildExited: Process org.freedesktop.systemd1 exited with status 1
您的 vnc 日志文件告诉您有关问题。您需要安装几个软件包：
sudo apt-get install metacity gnome-panel
更新 1：
您只需要 x-window-manager 或 metacity。两者都提供 window 管理器，您只需要一个。从屏幕截图中我只看到两个问题 - 灰屏和缺少指示器。
要修复缺少的指标，请再安装一个软件包：
sudo apt-get install indicator-applet-complete
要修复灰屏，您需要 --force-desktop 命令行选项。如果你不想要默认的 nautilus window 你可以添加 --no-default-window:
nautilus --force-desktop & 或 nautilus --force-desktop --no-default-window
另外 GNOME Flashback (Metacity) Ubuntu 16.10 中的会话使用 unity-settings-daemon 而不是 gnome-settings-daemon。如果您决定更改它，请不要忘记安装它。
为了获得更好的工作桌面，您还需要导出：
export XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP="GNOME-Flashback:GNOME"
export XDG_MENU_PREFIX="gnome-flashback-"
如果您决定使用 unity-settings-daemon，那么 XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP 应该是 GNOME-Flashback:Unity。
在这两种情况下，您还需要 gnome-flashback。安装它并确保它也已启动。根据设置守护程序，您可能需要调整/更改 GSettings。默认配置为 unity-settings-daemon.
更新 2：
我可能会让 gnome-session 开始会话：
#!/bin/sh
xrdb $HOME/.Xresources
xsetroot -solid grey
export XKL_XMODMAP_DISABLE=1
export XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP="GNOME-Flashback:Unity"
export XDG_MENU_PREFIX="gnome-flashback-"
gnome-session --session=gnome-flashback-metacity --disable-acceleration-check &
要安装所需的包，只需执行 sudo apt-get install gnome-session-flashback
更新 3：
看起来 nautilus 不显示桌面图标和背景，因为桌面图标被禁用了。
您可以使用 gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.background show-desktop-icons true 或安装 ubuntu-settings 来启用它。
出于安全原因，X11 默认禁用间接 GLX 渲染。这一变化最终使其成为主流 Linux 风格。要启用 IGLX，请编辑 Xorg 文件并添加“+iglx”标志。然后重启机器。
sudo vi /usr/bin/Xorg
basedir=/usr/lib/xorg
if [ -x "$basedir"/Xorg.wrap ]; then
exec "$basedir"/Xorg.wrap "$@"
else
exec "$basedir"/Xorg "$@" +iglx
fi
我遇到了同样的问题。我遵循了所有这些说明......除了调试和 VNC 开始工作。我将 Ubuntu 系统用作无头系统，并且 99% 的时间都使用 VNC。
我今天执行了 BIOS 更新并重新启动，但再次遇到同样的问题。我知道我已经安装了所有东西，但让它起作用的一件事是再次 运行 这些命令：
sudo locale-gen
sudo localectl set-locale LANG="en_US.UTF-8"
vncserver -kill :1
vncserver
打开 VNC 查看器并顺利连接。