使用 Nashorn JavaScript 引擎访问 ScriptContext 变量 (Java 8)

Access variable of ScriptContext using Nashorn JavaScript Engine (Java 8)

我在 Java Rhino Java脚本引擎中使用了以下代码:

@Test
public void testRhino() throws ScriptException {
    final ScriptEngineManager factory = new ScriptEngineManager();
    final ScriptEngine engine = factory.getEngineByName("rhino");
    final String raw = "I am the raw value injected";
    final ScriptContext ctx = new SimpleScriptContext();
    ctx.setAttribute("raw", raw, ScriptContext.ENGINE_SCOPE);

    String script = "var result = 'I am a result';";
    script += "java.lang.System.out.println(raw);";
    script += "'I am a returned value';";

    final Object res = engine.eval(script, ctx);
    System.out.println(ctx.getAttribute("result"));
    System.out.println(res);
}

脚本的输出(使用Rhino)是:

I am the raw value injected
I am a result
I am a returned value

Nashorn Java脚本引擎中,我没有得到 result:

的值
@Test
public void testNashorn() throws ScriptException {
    final ScriptEngineManager factory = new ScriptEngineManager();
    final ScriptEngine engine = factory.getEngineByName("nashorn");
    final String raw = "I am the raw value injected";
    final ScriptContext ctx = new SimpleScriptContext();
    ctx.setAttribute("raw", raw, ScriptContext.ENGINE_SCOPE);

    String script = "var result = 'I am a result';";
    script += "java.lang.System.out.println(raw);";
    script += "'I am a returned value';";

    final Object res = engine.eval(script, ctx);
    System.out.println(ctx.getAttribute("result"));
    System.out.println(res);
}

returns

I am the raw value injected
null
I am a returned value

如何使用 nashorn 引擎访问 ScriptContextresult 变量的值?

Nashorn 将存储在 ScriptContext 中的 Bindings 视为 "read-only"。 任何设置存储在 Bindings 对象中的变量(或创建新变量)的尝试都将导致在 nashorn.global 中创建一个新变量,该变量以该名称隐藏 Bindings 参数。

您可以使用引擎来 "evaluate" 变量,使用此代码:

System.out.println( engine.eval("result", ctx) );

然而,这非常难看。 "result" 首先编译成脚本,然后对该脚本求值,得到 return 变量的值。适合测试,但对于通用解决方案来说效率可能有点太低了。

一个更好但可能更脆弱的方法是提取 "nashorn.global" 变量,并查询它以获得所需的值。

Bindings nashorn_global = (Bindings) ctx.getAttribute("nashorn.global");
System.out.println( nashorn_global.get("result") );

另请参阅我在 中的 hack/answer,了解在评估脚本后将 nashorn.global 值自动移回 Map<String,Object> 的方法。

如果您使用 ScriptEngine.createEngine API 创建 ENGINE_SCOPE 绑定,它将按预期工作:

import javax.script.*;

public class Main {
  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

    final ScriptEngineManager factory = new ScriptEngineManager();
    final ScriptEngine engine = factory.getEngineByName("nashorn");
    final String raw = "I am the raw value injected";
    final ScriptContext ctx = new SimpleScriptContext();

    // **This is the inserted line**
    ctx.setBindings(engine.createBindings(), ScriptContext.ENGINE_SCOPE);

    ctx.setAttribute("raw", raw, ScriptContext.ENGINE_SCOPE);

    String script = "var result = 'I am a result';";
    script += "java.lang.System.out.println(raw);";
    script += "'I am a returned value';";

    final Object res = engine.eval(script, ctx);
    System.out.println(ctx.getAttribute("result"));
    System.out.println(res);
 }
}