UnsatisfiedDependencyException 在 SpringBoot 中使用 @DataJpaTest
UnsatisfiedDependencyException using @DataJpaTest with SpringBoot
我正在使用 SpringBoot 并且我有一个 DataJpaTest，但是当我 运行 测试 class 时，我得到这个 StackTrace：
java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext
at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:124)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultTestContext.getApplicationContext(DefaultTestContext.java:83)
at org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.SpringBootDependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(SpringBootDependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:47)
at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:230)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:228)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:287)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:289)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:247)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:94)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access[=10=]0(ParentRunner.java:58)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:191)
at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)
at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:68)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:51)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:237)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:70)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain.main(AppMain.java:147)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'restTemplate' defined in br.com.mobtrack.api.MobTrackApplication: Unsatisfied dependency expressed through method 'restTemplate' parameter 0; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'org.springframework.boot.web.client.RestTemplateBuilder' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {}
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.createArgumentArray(ConstructorResolver.java:749)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(ConstructorResolver.java:467)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1134)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBeanInstance(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1028)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:513)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:483)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:306)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:230)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:302)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:197)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:759)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:866)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:542)
at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:761)
at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refreshContext(SpringApplication.java:371)
at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:315)
at org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootContextLoader.loadContext(SpringBootContextLoader.java:111)
at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContextInternal(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:98)
at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:116)
... 28 more
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'org.springframework.boot.web.client.RestTemplateBuilder' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {}
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoMatchingBeanFound(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1474)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1102)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1064)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.resolveAutowiredArgument(ConstructorResolver.java:835)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.createArgumentArray(ConstructorResolver.java:741)
我认为发生这种情况是因为我的 Application class 中有一个 RestTemplate bean，如下所示：
@SpringBootApplication
public class TestApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(TestApplication.class, args);
}
@Bean
public RestTemplate restTemplate(RestTemplateBuilder builder) {
return builder.build();
}
}
这是我的测试Class:
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@DataJpaTest
public class CityRepositoryTest {
@Autowired
private TestEntityManager entityManager;
@Autowired
private CityRepository cityRepository;
private City city;
@Before
public void init() {
city = new City();
city.setName("New York");
city.setImage("http://www.mockimage.com");
}
@Test
public void findByNameShouldReturnCity() throws Exception {
this.entityManager.persist(city);
Optional<City> hasCity = this.cityRepository.findByNameIgnoreCase("New York");
city = hasCity.get();
assertThat(city.getId()).isNotNull();
assertThat(city.getName()).isEqualTo("New York");
assertThat(city.getImage()).isEqualTo("http://www.mockimage.com");
}
@Test
public void findByNameStartingWithShouldReturnCity() throws Exception {
this.entityManager.persist(city);
Optional<City> hasCity = this.cityRepository.findByNameStartingWithIgnoreCase("New");
city = hasCity.get();
assertThat(city.getId()).isNotNull();
assertThat(city.getName()).isEqualTo("New York");
assertThat(city.getImage()).isEqualTo("http://www.mockimage.com");
}
@Test
public void findByNameWhenNoCityShouldReturnFalse() throws Exception {
this.entityManager.persist(city);
Optional<City> hasCity = this.cityRepository.findByNameStartingWithIgnoreCase("Ohaio");
assertThat(hasCity.isPresent()).isFalse();
}
}
欢迎任何帮助，非常感谢！
正如错误明确指出的那样 - 没有类型 RestTemplateBuilder 的合格 bean 可用于 RestTemplate bean 构建。
RestTempalteBuilder 的 bean 被 Web 的 spring 引导启动器注入到上下文中。通常不需要在上下文中声明 RestTemplateBuilder bean，因为 spring-boot 自动配置已经提供了它。如果项目是 spring-boot 应用程序，这将按预期开箱即用。
如果需要，可以通过在应用程序 configuration.Something 中创建一个新的来自定义它，如下所示：
@Bean
public RestTemplateBuilder restTemplateBuilder() {
return new RestTemplateBuilder()
.basicAuthorization("abc", "password");
}
@Bean
public RestTemplate restTemplate(RestTemplateBuilder builder) {
return builder.build();
}
如果没有真正的理由自定义它，您可以为 RestTemplate 定义一个更简单的 bean 定义，如下所示：
@Bean
public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
return new RestTemplate();
}
我不喜欢其他解决方案，因为我确实希望我的应用程序使用 spring 提供的 RestTemplateBuilder，因为它提供了一些默认消息转换器和我在 运行 安装我的应用程序时需要的其他功能.
但是我找到了 2 种方法来改变我的测试，使我的 DataJpaTest 达到 运行，不确定哪个最好：
方法一 - 在您的测试中提供一个模拟 RestTemplate。
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@DataJpaTest
public class SomeTest {
@MockBean
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
方法二 - 添加 AutoConfigureWebClient 注释，以便 spring 连接 RestTemplateBuilder
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@DataJpaTest
@AutoConfigureWebClient
public class SomeTest {
通过这两种方式，我可以在我的应用程序中保留我现有的已配置休息模板 class:
@Bean
public RestTemplate restTemplate(RestTemplateBuilder builder) {
return builder.build();
}
我正在使用 SpringBoot 并且我有一个 DataJpaTest，但是当我 运行 测试 class 时，我得到这个 StackTrace：
java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext
at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:124)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultTestContext.getApplicationContext(DefaultTestContext.java:83)
at org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.SpringBootDependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(SpringBootDependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:47)
at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:230)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:228)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:287)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:289)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:247)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:94)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access[=10=]0(ParentRunner.java:58)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:191)
at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)
at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:68)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:51)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:237)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:70)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain.main(AppMain.java:147)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'restTemplate' defined in br.com.mobtrack.api.MobTrackApplication: Unsatisfied dependency expressed through method 'restTemplate' parameter 0; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'org.springframework.boot.web.client.RestTemplateBuilder' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {}
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.createArgumentArray(ConstructorResolver.java:749)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(ConstructorResolver.java:467)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1134)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBeanInstance(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1028)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:513)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:483)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:306)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:230)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:302)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:197)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:759)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:866)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:542)
at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:761)
at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refreshContext(SpringApplication.java:371)
at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:315)
at org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootContextLoader.loadContext(SpringBootContextLoader.java:111)
at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContextInternal(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:98)
at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:116)
... 28 more
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'org.springframework.boot.web.client.RestTemplateBuilder' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {}
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoMatchingBeanFound(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1474)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1102)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1064)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.resolveAutowiredArgument(ConstructorResolver.java:835)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.createArgumentArray(ConstructorResolver.java:741)
我认为发生这种情况是因为我的 Application class 中有一个 RestTemplate bean，如下所示：
@SpringBootApplication
public class TestApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(TestApplication.class, args);
}
@Bean
public RestTemplate restTemplate(RestTemplateBuilder builder) {
return builder.build();
}
}
这是我的测试Class:
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@DataJpaTest
public class CityRepositoryTest {
@Autowired
private TestEntityManager entityManager;
@Autowired
private CityRepository cityRepository;
private City city;
@Before
public void init() {
city = new City();
city.setName("New York");
city.setImage("http://www.mockimage.com");
}
@Test
public void findByNameShouldReturnCity() throws Exception {
this.entityManager.persist(city);
Optional<City> hasCity = this.cityRepository.findByNameIgnoreCase("New York");
city = hasCity.get();
assertThat(city.getId()).isNotNull();
assertThat(city.getName()).isEqualTo("New York");
assertThat(city.getImage()).isEqualTo("http://www.mockimage.com");
}
@Test
public void findByNameStartingWithShouldReturnCity() throws Exception {
this.entityManager.persist(city);
Optional<City> hasCity = this.cityRepository.findByNameStartingWithIgnoreCase("New");
city = hasCity.get();
assertThat(city.getId()).isNotNull();
assertThat(city.getName()).isEqualTo("New York");
assertThat(city.getImage()).isEqualTo("http://www.mockimage.com");
}
@Test
public void findByNameWhenNoCityShouldReturnFalse() throws Exception {
this.entityManager.persist(city);
Optional<City> hasCity = this.cityRepository.findByNameStartingWithIgnoreCase("Ohaio");
assertThat(hasCity.isPresent()).isFalse();
}
}
欢迎任何帮助，非常感谢！
正如错误明确指出的那样 - 没有类型 RestTemplateBuilder 的合格 bean 可用于 RestTemplate bean 构建。
RestTempalteBuilder 的 bean 被 Web 的 spring 引导启动器注入到上下文中。通常不需要在上下文中声明 RestTemplateBuilder bean，因为 spring-boot 自动配置已经提供了它。如果项目是 spring-boot 应用程序，这将按预期开箱即用。
如果需要，可以通过在应用程序 configuration.Something 中创建一个新的来自定义它，如下所示：
@Bean
public RestTemplateBuilder restTemplateBuilder() {
return new RestTemplateBuilder()
.basicAuthorization("abc", "password");
}
@Bean
public RestTemplate restTemplate(RestTemplateBuilder builder) {
return builder.build();
}
如果没有真正的理由自定义它，您可以为 RestTemplate 定义一个更简单的 bean 定义，如下所示：
@Bean
public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
return new RestTemplate();
}
我不喜欢其他解决方案，因为我确实希望我的应用程序使用 spring 提供的 RestTemplateBuilder，因为它提供了一些默认消息转换器和我在 运行 安装我的应用程序时需要的其他功能.
但是我找到了 2 种方法来改变我的测试，使我的 DataJpaTest 达到 运行，不确定哪个最好：
方法一 - 在您的测试中提供一个模拟 RestTemplate。
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@DataJpaTest
public class SomeTest {
@MockBean
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
方法二 - 添加 AutoConfigureWebClient 注释，以便 spring 连接 RestTemplateBuilder
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@DataJpaTest
@AutoConfigureWebClient
public class SomeTest {
通过这两种方式，我可以在我的应用程序中保留我现有的已配置休息模板 class:
@Bean
public RestTemplate restTemplate(RestTemplateBuilder builder) {
return builder.build();
}