使用 nginx、django、daphne 部署到 docker

Question

我想将我的服务部署到 docker。

我的服务是使用 python+django 和 django-channels

开发的

── myproject ├── myproject │ ├── settings.py │ ├── urls.py │ ├── asgi.py │ ├── ... ├── collected_static │ ├── js │ ├── css │ ├── ... ├── nginx │ ├── Dockerfile │ ├── service.conf ├── requirements.txt ├── manage.py ├── Dockerfile └── docker-compose.yml

myproject/Dockerfile :

FROM python
ENV PYTHONUNBURRERED 1

RUN mkdir -p /opt/myproject
WORKDIR /opt/myproject
ADD . /opt/myproject

RUN pip install -r requirements.txt
RUN python manage.py migrate

myproject/docker-compose.yml:

version: '2'
services:
  nginx:
    build: ./nginx
    networks:
      - front
      - back
    ports:
      - "80:80"
    depends_on:
      - daphne
  redis:
    image: redis
    networks:
      - "back"
    ports:
      - "6379:6379"
  worker:
    build: .
    working_dir: /opt/myproject
    command: bash -c "python manage.py runworker"
    environment:
      - REDIS_HOST=redis
    networks:
      - front
      - back
    depends_on:
      - redis
    links:
      - redis
  daphne:
    build: .
    working_dir: /opt/myproject
    command: bash -c "daphne -b 0.0.0.0 -p 8000 myproject.asgi:channel_layer"
    ports:
      - "8000:8000"
    environment:
      - REDIS_HOST=redis
    networks:
      - front
      - back
     depends_on:
      - redis
     links:
      - redis
  networks:
    front:
    back:

myproject/nginx/Dockerfile

FROM nginx
COPY service.conf /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/

myproject/nginx/service.conf

server {
  listen 80;
  server_name example.com #i just want to hide domain name..
  charset utf-8;
  client_max_body_size 20M;

  location /static/ {
    alias /opt/myproject/collected_static/;
  }

  location / {
    proxy_pass http://0.0.0.0:8000;
    proxy_http_version 1.1;
    proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
    proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";

    proxy_redirect off;
    proxy_set_header Host $host;
    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $server_name;
  }
}

我写了一个命令docker-compose up -d，nginx 和 daphne 工作得很好。

但是当我连接到 example.com:80 时，我只能看到 nginx 默认页面。

当我连接到 example.com:8000 时，我只能看到我的项目的服务页面。（但看不到静态文件）

我要linknginx和daphne服务！我应该怎么办？请帮助我。

当我只使用 nginx+daphne+django 部署而不使用 docker 时，我的服务运行良好。

Answer 1

您错误配置了 NGINX。尝试 proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8000;

至于静态文件，那是因为你还没有把这些文件提供给容器。我建议进行以下修改：

myproject/Dockerfile:

[...]
ADD . /opt/myproject
VOLUME ["/opt/myproject/collected_static"]
[..]
# may I also suggest automatic static file collection?
RUN python manage.py collectstatic --noinput

myproject/docker-compose.yml:

[...]
build: ./nginx
volumes_from:
  - "worker" # or daphne

我还会考虑为 daphne 和 worker 服务添加 image 选项。这将标记图像并允许重复使用它，因此它只会构建一次（而不是两次）。

myproject:
  build: .
  image: "myproject:latest"
[..]
worker:
  image: "myproject:latest"
[..]
daphne:
  image: "myproject:latest"

Answer 2

TLDR;

Nginx 配置不正确，而且您的 docker-compose 需要一些更正：

Nginx

Nginx website 有一些您应该阅读的关于使用 Docker 部署的有用提示，包括一个示例，非常简单 Dockerfile:

FROM nginx
RUN rm /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
RUN rm /etc/nginx/conf.d/example_ssl.conf
COPY content /usr/share/nginx/html
COPY conf /etc/nginx

这指出了您需要进行的一些改进（请参阅 Docker 撰写部分以获得有关 Docker 的进一步帮助）。

请记住我们将在下面进行的部署更新，您还需要更改 Nginx 配置：

重命名 service.conf -> service.template
改变listen ${NGINX_PORT};
改变server_name ${NGINX_HOST};
改变proxy_pass http://${DAPHNE_HOST}:${DAPHNE_PORT};

Docker撰写

现在你的 Nginx 配置是正确的，你需要正确设置 docker compose 指令，幸运的是，Docker Hub Nginx page 有一个 docker compose 的例子：

Here is an example using docker-compose.yml:

web:
  image: nginx
  volumes:
   - ./mysite.template:/etc/nginx/conf.d/mysite.template
  ports:
   - "8080:80"
  environment:
   - NGINX_HOST=foobar.com
   - NGINX_PORT=80
  command: /bin/bash -c "envsubst < /etc/nginx/conf.d/mysite.template > /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf && nginx -g 'daemon off;'"

The mysite.template file may then contain variable references like this:

listen ${NGINX_PORT};

来自 r00m 的

您可以进行所有这些改进，事实上，如果不共享卷，您的静态文件将无法正确提供。

为项目创建图像并重新使用它
添加卷引用以允许共享静态文件
可选：您还应该遵循有关收集静态文件的建议，但您的项目结构表明您已经这样做了。

汇集一切

最后，我们可以合并这三项改进，得到以下设置：

myproject/Dockerfile:

FROM python
ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED 1

RUN mkdir -p /opt/myproject
WORKDIR /opt/myproject
ADD . /opt/myproject

RUN pip install -r requirements.txt
RUN python manage.py migrate # Can this be done during build? i.e. no link to the DB?

VOLUME ["/opt/myproject/collected_static"]

myproject/docker-compose.yml:

version: '2'
services:
  nginx:
    build: ./nginx
    networks:
      - front
      - back
    ports:
      - "80:80"
    volumes_from:
      - "daphne"
    environment:
      - NGINX_HOST=example.com
      - NGINX_PORT=80
      - DAPHNE_HOST=daphne
      - DAPHEN_PORT=8000
    depends_on:
      - daphne
    links:
      - daphne
    command: /bin/bash -c "envsubst < /etc/nginx/conf.d/service.template > /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf && nginx -g 'daemon off;'"
  redis:
    image: redis
    networks:
      - "back"
    ports:
      - "6379:6379"
  daphne:
    build: .
    image: "myproject:latest"
    working_dir: /opt/myproject
    command: bash -c "daphne -b 0.0.0.0 -p 8000 myproject.asgi:channel_layer"
    ports:
      - "8000:8000"
    environment:
      - REDIS_HOST=redis
    networks:
      - front
      - back
     depends_on:
      - redis
     links:
      - redis
  worker:
    image: "myproject:latest"
    working_dir: /opt/myproject
    command: bash -c "python manage.py runworker"
    environment:
      - REDIS_HOST=redis
    networks:
      - front
      - back
    depends_on:
      - redis
    links:
      - redis
  networks:
    front:
    back:

myproject/nginx/Dockerfile

FROM nginx
RUN rm /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
RUN rm /etc/nginx/conf.d/example_ssl.conf
COPY service.template /etc/nginx/conf.d

myproject/nginx/service.模板

server {
  listen ${NGINX_PORT};
  server_name ${NGINX_HOST}
  charset utf-8;
  client_max_body_size 20M;

  location /static/ {
    alias /opt/myproject/collected_static/;
  }

  location / {
    proxy_pass http://${DAPHNE_HOST}:${DAPHNE_PORT};
    proxy_http_version 1.1;
    proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
    proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";

    proxy_redirect off;
    proxy_set_header Host $host;
    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $server_name;
  }
}

最后的想法

我不确定你想用你的网络指令实现什么，但它几乎肯定不会实现它，例如 nginx 不应该连接到你的后端网络（我认为......） .
您需要考虑 "migrate" 应该在构建时完成还是运行时完成。
您需要能够轻松更改您的 nginx 配置吗？如果是这样，您应该从 nginx 构建中删除 COPY，并从 Docker Compose 部分添加 volumes 指令。

使用 nginx、django、daphne 部署到 docker

Deploy to docker with nginx, django, daphne

django

nginx

docker

channels

daphne

TLDR;

Nginx

Docker撰写

来自 r00m 的

汇集一切

最后的想法