如何获取字符串中的值？

Question

如何从 Python 中的这个长字符串中提取 STOP_DATE 值？

GROUP                  = TEMPORALINFORMATION

OBJECT                 = PRODUCTIONDATETIME
  NUM_VAL              = 1
  VALUE                = "2015-07-19T18:29:43Z"
END_OBJECT             = PRODUCTIONDATETIME

OBJECT                 = START_DATE
  NUM_VAL              = 1
  VALUE                = "2015-07-11T20:17:22Z"
END_OBJECT             = START_DATE

OBJECT                 = STOP_DATE
  NUM_VAL              = 1
  VALUE                = "2015-07-11T21:03:52Z"
END_OBJECT             = STOP_DATE

END_GROUP              = TEMPORALINFORMATION

Answer 1

正如其他人所展示的，您可以将其作为单行正则表达式来执行，但这样更清楚：

import re
input_data="""  GROUP                  = TEMPORALINFORMATION\n\n    OBJECT                 = PRODUCTIONDATETIME\n      NUM_VAL              = 1\n      VALUE                = "2015-07-19T18:29:43Z"\n    END_OBJECT             = PRODUCTIONDATETIME\n\n    OBJECT                 = START_DATE\n      NUM_VAL              = 1\n      VALUE                = "2015-07-11T20:17:22Z"\n    END_OBJECT             = START_DATE\n\n    OBJECT                 = STOP_DATE\n      NUM_VAL              = 1\n      VALUE                = "2015-07-11T21:03:52Z"\n    END_OBJECT             = STOP_DATE\n\n  END_GROUP              = TEMPORALINFORMATION
"""

def find_stop_date(s):
    in_stop_date=False
    result=None
    for line in s.split("\n"):
        line = line.strip()
        if re.search(r"^OBJECT.*=.*STOP_DATE", line):
            in_stop_date=True
        if re.search(r"^END_OBJECT.*=.*STOP_DATE", line):
            in_stop_date=False
        if in_stop_date:
            re_result = re.search("VALUE\s*=\s*(.*)", line)
            if (re_result):
                result = re_result.group(1)

    return result

result = find_stop_date(input_data)
if result:
    print("Found: {}".format(result))
else:
    print("not found")

Answer 2

您可以使用这个正则表达式：

STOP_DATE.+?VALUE\s*=\s*\"(.+?)\"

Python 命令：

import re

regex = r"STOP_DATE.+?VALUE\s*=\s*\"(.+?)\""

match = re.search(regex, test_str, re.DOTALL)
print(match.group(1))

其中 test_str 是字符串的名称。

结果：

2015-07-11T21:03:52Z

Try it online.

Answer 3

Sven 的回答不够精炼，我的模式会运行快 5 倍并且可以省略 DOTALL 标志：STOP_DATE[^"]+"([^"]+)

import re

test_str = '''GROUP                  = TEMPORALINFORMATION

    OBJECT                 = PRODUCTIONDATETIME
      NUM_VAL              = 1
      VALUE                = "2015-07-19T18:29:43Z"
    END_OBJECT             = PRODUCTIONDATETIME

    OBJECT                 = START_DATE
      NUM_VAL              = 1
      VALUE                = "2015-07-11T20:17:22Z"
    END_OBJECT             = START_DATE

    OBJECT                 = STOP_DATE
      NUM_VAL              = 1
      VALUE                = "2015-07-11T21:03:52Z"
    END_OBJECT             = STOP_DATE

    END_GROUP              = TEMPORALINFORMATION'''

print re.search( r'STOP_DATE[^"]+"([^"]+)', test_str).group(1)
# 2015-07-11T21:03:52Z

性能提升来自使用两个贪婪 "negated capture classes" 而不是点。

由于所需的子字符串是唯一跟在 STOP_DATE 后面的双引号值，双引号是唯一需要识别的字符。

如果您的实际数据有其他双引号的值，并且您需要指定 VALUE，那么您可以使用：STOP_DATE[^"]+VALUE[^"]+"([^"]+) 但所需的步骤会膨胀到我之前模式的 2.5 倍（但仍然比 Sven 快 2 倍）。

如何获取字符串中的值？

How to grab a value in string?

python

regex

hdf