Python 中的重试函数
Retry function in Python
前段时间,我需要 R 中的 retry
函数来处理缓慢的服务器响应。该函数将具有以下行为:(尝试一个操作(函数或方法),如果失败,稍等片刻,然后重试)x10
我想到了以下内容:
retry <- function(fun, max_trys = 10, init = 0){
suppressWarnings(tryCatch({
Sys.sleep(0.3);
if(init<max_trys) {fun}
}, error=function(e){retry(fun, max_trys, init = init+1)}))}
效果很好。现在我在 Python3 中需要相同的代码,所以我尝试编写相同的代码:
import time
def retry_fun(fun, max_trys = 10, init=0):
try:
time.sleep(0.3)
if(init<max_trys):
fun
except:
retry_fun(fun, max_trys, init = init+1)
但是当我 运行 它时,它使我的内核崩溃。由于我是 Python 的初学者,我不确定是什么导致了崩溃,并且 if/how 一个函数可以作为参数传递给另一个函数。
你能帮帮我吗?
除了能够传递函数并通过在名称后添加 ()
(Python 调用调用的语法)来使用它们之外,您不需要用到递归;把它放在一个循环中:
import time
def retry(fun, max_tries=10):
for i in range(max_tries):
try:
time.sleep(0.3)
fun()
break
except Exception:
continue
应更改 except Exception
以捕获函数可能引发的有意义的异常。使用 Exception
(就像我在示例中所做的那样)通常是不好的做法,因为它会捕获大量 class 的异常,而这些异常是您可能不想捕获的。
除此之外,使用 for-loop
而不是显式的第三个计数器和递归(这会导致大值的长调用堆栈)更好。
您可以执行以下操作:
def retry_call(function_name, args=None, kwargs=None, retries=3):
pass_on_args = args if args else []
pass_on_kwargs = kwargs if kwargs else {}
for index in range(1, retries+1):
try:
return function_name(*pass_on_args, **pass_on_kwargs)
except Exception as error:
if index == retries:
LOGGER.error("Failed %s attempts at calling: %s", retries, function_name)
LOGGER.error(" args: %s", args)
LOGGER.error(" kwargs: %s", kwargs)
LOGGER.error(" error: %s", error)
raise
else:
LOGGER.warning("Failed %d attempt(s) at calling: %s", index, function_name)
LOGGER.warning("Retrying")
def get_variable
with open(FILE) as info:
for line in info:
if 'Mode' in line:
return mode
然后你将调用函数:
mode = retry(get_variable)
print(mode)
我知道这是一个老问题。但是,我想添加我准备好的解决方案。最好的方法是编写一个 retry
装饰器,它会在发生异常时重试。此外,您还可以设置自定义指数延迟。文档字符串解释了如何使用装饰器。给你:
import logging
import time
from functools import partial, wraps
def retry(func=None, exception=Exception, n_tries=5, delay=5, backoff=1, logger=False):
"""Retry decorator with exponential backoff.
Parameters
----------
func : typing.Callable, optional
Callable on which the decorator is applied, by default None
exception : Exception or tuple of Exceptions, optional
Exception(s) that invoke retry, by default Exception
n_tries : int, optional
Number of tries before giving up, by default 5
delay : int, optional
Initial delay between retries in seconds, by default 5
backoff : int, optional
Backoff multiplier e.g. value of 2 will double the delay, by default 1
logger : bool, optional
Option to log or print, by default False
Returns
-------
typing.Callable
Decorated callable that calls itself when exception(s) occur.
Examples
--------
>>> import random
>>> @retry(exception=Exception, n_tries=4)
... def test_random(text):
... x = random.random()
... if x < 0.5:
... raise Exception("Fail")
... else:
... print("Success: ", text)
>>> test_random("It works!")
"""
if func is None:
return partial(
retry,
exception=exception,
n_tries=n_tries,
delay=delay,
backoff=backoff,
logger=logger,
)
@wraps(func)
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
ntries, ndelay = n_tries, delay
while ntries > 1:
try:
return func(*args, **kwargs)
except exception as e:
msg = f"{str(e)}, Retrying in {ndelay} seconds..."
if logger:
logging.warning(msg)
else:
print(msg)
time.sleep(ndelay)
ntries -= 1
ndelay *= backoff
return func(*args, **kwargs)
return wrapper
有几个 Python 包:
退避示例
import backoff
@backoff.on_exception(backoff.expo,
(MyPossibleException1,
MyPossibleException2))
def your_function(param1, param2):
# Do something
坚韧的榜样
from tenacity import wait_exponential, retry, stop_after_attempt
@retry(wait=wait_exponential(multiplier=2, min=2, max=30), stop=stop_after_attempt(5))
def your_function(param1, param2):
# Do something
还有一个 pip 可安装重试包:
https://pypi.org/project/retry/
pip install retry
前段时间,我需要 R 中的 retry
函数来处理缓慢的服务器响应。该函数将具有以下行为:(尝试一个操作(函数或方法),如果失败,稍等片刻,然后重试)x10
我想到了以下内容:
retry <- function(fun, max_trys = 10, init = 0){
suppressWarnings(tryCatch({
Sys.sleep(0.3);
if(init<max_trys) {fun}
}, error=function(e){retry(fun, max_trys, init = init+1)}))}
效果很好。现在我在 Python3 中需要相同的代码,所以我尝试编写相同的代码:
import time
def retry_fun(fun, max_trys = 10, init=0):
try:
time.sleep(0.3)
if(init<max_trys):
fun
except:
retry_fun(fun, max_trys, init = init+1)
但是当我 运行 它时,它使我的内核崩溃。由于我是 Python 的初学者,我不确定是什么导致了崩溃,并且 if/how 一个函数可以作为参数传递给另一个函数。
你能帮帮我吗?
除了能够传递函数并通过在名称后添加 ()
(Python 调用调用的语法)来使用它们之外,您不需要用到递归;把它放在一个循环中:
import time
def retry(fun, max_tries=10):
for i in range(max_tries):
try:
time.sleep(0.3)
fun()
break
except Exception:
continue
应更改 except Exception
以捕获函数可能引发的有意义的异常。使用 Exception
(就像我在示例中所做的那样)通常是不好的做法,因为它会捕获大量 class 的异常,而这些异常是您可能不想捕获的。
除此之外,使用 for-loop
而不是显式的第三个计数器和递归(这会导致大值的长调用堆栈)更好。
您可以执行以下操作:
def retry_call(function_name, args=None, kwargs=None, retries=3):
pass_on_args = args if args else []
pass_on_kwargs = kwargs if kwargs else {}
for index in range(1, retries+1):
try:
return function_name(*pass_on_args, **pass_on_kwargs)
except Exception as error:
if index == retries:
LOGGER.error("Failed %s attempts at calling: %s", retries, function_name)
LOGGER.error(" args: %s", args)
LOGGER.error(" kwargs: %s", kwargs)
LOGGER.error(" error: %s", error)
raise
else:
LOGGER.warning("Failed %d attempt(s) at calling: %s", index, function_name)
LOGGER.warning("Retrying")
def get_variable
with open(FILE) as info:
for line in info:
if 'Mode' in line:
return mode
然后你将调用函数:
mode = retry(get_variable)
print(mode)
我知道这是一个老问题。但是,我想添加我准备好的解决方案。最好的方法是编写一个 retry
装饰器,它会在发生异常时重试。此外,您还可以设置自定义指数延迟。文档字符串解释了如何使用装饰器。给你:
import logging
import time
from functools import partial, wraps
def retry(func=None, exception=Exception, n_tries=5, delay=5, backoff=1, logger=False):
"""Retry decorator with exponential backoff.
Parameters
----------
func : typing.Callable, optional
Callable on which the decorator is applied, by default None
exception : Exception or tuple of Exceptions, optional
Exception(s) that invoke retry, by default Exception
n_tries : int, optional
Number of tries before giving up, by default 5
delay : int, optional
Initial delay between retries in seconds, by default 5
backoff : int, optional
Backoff multiplier e.g. value of 2 will double the delay, by default 1
logger : bool, optional
Option to log or print, by default False
Returns
-------
typing.Callable
Decorated callable that calls itself when exception(s) occur.
Examples
--------
>>> import random
>>> @retry(exception=Exception, n_tries=4)
... def test_random(text):
... x = random.random()
... if x < 0.5:
... raise Exception("Fail")
... else:
... print("Success: ", text)
>>> test_random("It works!")
"""
if func is None:
return partial(
retry,
exception=exception,
n_tries=n_tries,
delay=delay,
backoff=backoff,
logger=logger,
)
@wraps(func)
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
ntries, ndelay = n_tries, delay
while ntries > 1:
try:
return func(*args, **kwargs)
except exception as e:
msg = f"{str(e)}, Retrying in {ndelay} seconds..."
if logger:
logging.warning(msg)
else:
print(msg)
time.sleep(ndelay)
ntries -= 1
ndelay *= backoff
return func(*args, **kwargs)
return wrapper
有几个 Python 包:
退避示例
import backoff
@backoff.on_exception(backoff.expo,
(MyPossibleException1,
MyPossibleException2))
def your_function(param1, param2):
# Do something
坚韧的榜样
from tenacity import wait_exponential, retry, stop_after_attempt
@retry(wait=wait_exponential(multiplier=2, min=2, max=30), stop=stop_after_attempt(5))
def your_function(param1, param2):
# Do something
还有一个 pip 可安装重试包: https://pypi.org/project/retry/
pip install retry